Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a
-
Upload
api-3703348 -
Category
Documents
-
view
158 -
download
21
Transcript of Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a
![Page 1: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
11© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
Examples ofExamples of
Your SealsYour Seals
![Page 2: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
22© 2003 John Crane EAA
![Page 3: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
33
![Page 4: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
44
![Page 5: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
55
![Page 6: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
66
![Page 7: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
77
![Page 8: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
88© 2003 John Crane EAA
![Page 9: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
99
![Page 10: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1010
![Page 11: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1111
![Page 12: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1212
![Page 13: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1313
![Page 14: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1414
![Page 15: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1515© 2003 John Crane EAA
![Page 16: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1616
![Page 17: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1717
![Page 18: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1818
![Page 19: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1919© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
![Page 20: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2020© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
Commissioning Commissioning ProcedureProcedure
![Page 21: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
2121
Commissioning Procedure
General preparationGeneral preparation
Ensure free shaft rotation with coupling Ensure free shaft rotation with coupling
disconnecteddisconnected
Ensure Bursting Discs have been replacedEnsure Bursting Discs have been replaced
Check buffer gas system - is it on and Check buffer gas system - is it on and
functioning?functioning?
![Page 22: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2222
Commissioning Procedure Static TestsStatic Tests
Inboard sealInboard seal Open primary leakage line valveOpen primary leakage line valve Pressurise casing incrementally to 5 bar g maximumPressurise casing incrementally to 5 bar g maximum Measure & record leakage at each increment (Page 23)Measure & record leakage at each increment (Page 23) Pressurise casing to 7 bar g (If Pressurise casing to 7 bar g (If belowbelow operating operating
pressure)pressure) Leakage should rise quickly – indicates static lift-off Leakage should rise quickly – indicates static lift-off
Outboard sealOutboard seal Close valve in primary leakage lineClose valve in primary leakage line Pressurise casing to 5 bar g maximumPressurise casing to 5 bar g maximum Measure & record interspace pressure (Page 23)Measure & record interspace pressure (Page 23)
Will gradually rise if outboard seal operating correctlyWill gradually rise if outboard seal operating correctly Depressurise outboard seal Depressurise outboard seal beforebefore compressor casing compressor casing
![Page 23: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
2323
Commissioning Procedure
Dynamic testDynamic test Fully open primary vent valveFully open primary vent valve Commence normal start-up proceduresCommence normal start-up procedures Gradually close primary vent valve to obtain Gradually close primary vent valve to obtain
interspace pressure of 0.5 bar ginterspace pressure of 0.5 bar g Record inboard leakage rates (Page 25)Record inboard leakage rates (Page 25) Compare against guaranteed values (Page Compare against guaranteed values (Page
8)8) Rejection criteria is 3 times guaranteedRejection criteria is 3 times guaranteed Continue recording leakage for 4 hours (at Continue recording leakage for 4 hours (at
half hour intervals)half hour intervals)
![Page 24: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2424
Commissioning Procedure
Operation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance
Virtually no maintenance requiredVirtually no maintenance required
Continue monitoring leakage (daily)Continue monitoring leakage (daily)
Check for oil in atmospheric vent lines Check for oil in atmospheric vent lines
(monthly)(monthly)
During prolonged shutdown / staorage, During prolonged shutdown / staorage,
blank all connecting portsblank all connecting ports
![Page 25: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2525
Examination – Test Number 2
And now for the And now for the examination!examination!
It is a multiple choice It is a multiple choice test papertest paper
PointsPoints 11 correctcorrect 00 don’t don’t
knowknow -1-1 incorrectincorrect
There may be more There may be more than one correct than one correct answer - tick them answer - tick them allall
Time allowed: 45 minutesTime allowed: 45 minutes
![Page 26: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2626© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
Installation TestInstallation Test
![Page 27: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2727
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
1. What should be used to lubricate the 1. What should be used to lubricate the bore of the compressor housing?bore of the compressor housing?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compoundB. Anti-seize compound
C. NothingC. Nothing
2. What should be used to lubricate the 2. What should be used to lubricate the compressor shaft/rotor?compressor shaft/rotor?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compoundB. Anti-seize compound
C. NothingC. Nothing
![Page 28: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2828
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
3. During installation, seal setting plate 3. During installation, seal setting plate screws should be:screws should be:
A. TightA. Tight
B. Slackened by 1/8 turnB. Slackened by 1/8 turn
C. Very looseC. Very loose
D. RemovedD. Removed
4. Compressor rotor should be set:4. Compressor rotor should be set:
A. In normal running positionA. In normal running position
B. Towards non-drive endB. Towards non-drive end
C. Towards drive endC. Towards drive end
![Page 29: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2929
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
5. The seal should be “exercised”5. The seal should be “exercised”
A. Before installation in compressorA. Before installation in compressor
B. After installation in the compressorB. After installation in the compressor
C. It must NOT be exercisedC. It must NOT be exercised
6. A reference dimension between 6. A reference dimension between compressor rotor and compressor compressor rotor and compressor casing should be taken or checked:casing should be taken or checked:
A. Before seal installation onlyA. Before seal installation only
B. After seal installation onlyB. After seal installation only
C. Before, during and after installationC. Before, during and after installation
D. Reference dimension not importantD. Reference dimension not important
![Page 30: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3030
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
7.7.If the installation tool jacking nuts become If the installation tool jacking nuts become tight:tight:
A. Use a longer spanner to give better A. Use a longer spanner to give better leverageleverage
B. Undo nuts and try to withdraw sealB. Undo nuts and try to withdraw seal
C. Stop, think, investigate, then take actionC. Stop, think, investigate, then take action
8. A failed seal should be:8. A failed seal should be:
A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping productionproduction
B. Removed with more care than with the B. Removed with more care than with the installation of a new seal.installation of a new seal.
![Page 31: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3131© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
![Page 32: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3232
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
1. What should be used to lubricate the bore 1. What should be used to lubricate the bore of the compressor housing?of the compressor housing?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compoundB. Anti-seize compound
C. NothingC. Nothing
2. What should be used to lubricate the 2. What should be used to lubricate the compressor shaft/rotor?compressor shaft/rotor?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compoundB. Anti-seize compound
C. NothingC. Nothing
![Page 33: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3333
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
1. What should be used to lubricate the bore 1. What should be used to lubricate the bore of the compressor housing?of the compressor housing?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compound – very small amountB. Anti-seize compound – very small amount
C. NothingC. Nothing
2. What should be used to lubricate the 2. What should be used to lubricate the compressor shaft/rotor?compressor shaft/rotor?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compoundB. Anti-seize compound
C. NothingC. Nothing
![Page 34: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3434
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
1. What should be used to lubricate the bore of 1. What should be used to lubricate the bore of the compressor housing?the compressor housing?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compound – very small amountB. Anti-seize compound – very small amount
C. NothingC. Nothing
2. What should be used to lubricate the 2. What should be used to lubricate the compressor shaft/rotor?compressor shaft/rotor?
A. Silicone greaseA. Silicone grease
B. Anti-seize compound – very small amountB. Anti-seize compound – very small amount
C. NothingC. Nothing
![Page 35: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
3535
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
3. During installation, seal setting plate 3. During installation, seal setting plate screws should be:screws should be:
A. TightA. Tight
B. Slackened by 1/8 turnB. Slackened by 1/8 turn
C. Very looseC. Very loose
D. RemovedD. Removed
4. Compressor rotor should be set:4. Compressor rotor should be set:
A. In normal running positionA. In normal running position
B. Towards non-drive endB. Towards non-drive end
C. Towards drive endC. Towards drive end
![Page 36: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3636
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
3. During installation, seal setting plate 3. During installation, seal setting plate screws should be:screws should be:
A. TightA. Tight
B. Slackened by 1/8 turnB. Slackened by 1/8 turn
C. Very looseC. Very loose
D. RemovedD. Removed
4. Compressor rotor should be set:4. Compressor rotor should be set:
A. In normal running positionA. In normal running position
B. Towards non-drive endB. Towards non-drive end
C. Towards drive endC. Towards drive end
![Page 37: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
3737
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
3. During installation, seal setting plate 3. During installation, seal setting plate screws should be:screws should be:
A. TightA. Tight
B. Slackened by 1/8 turnB. Slackened by 1/8 turn
C. Very looseC. Very loose
D. RemovedD. Removed
4. Compressor rotor should be set:4. Compressor rotor should be set:
A. In normal running positionA. In normal running position
B. Towards non-drive endB. Towards non-drive end
C. Towards drive endC. Towards drive end
![Page 38: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3838
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
5. The seal should be “exercised”5. The seal should be “exercised”
A. Before installation in compressorA. Before installation in compressor
B. After installation in the compressorB. After installation in the compressor
C. It must NOT be exercisedC. It must NOT be exercised
6. A reference dimension between 6. A reference dimension between compressor rotor and compressor compressor rotor and compressor casing should be taken or checked:casing should be taken or checked:
A. Before seal installation onlyA. Before seal installation only
B. After seal installation onlyB. After seal installation only
C. Before, during and after installationC. Before, during and after installation
D. Reference dimension not importantD. Reference dimension not important
![Page 39: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3939
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
5. The seal should be “exercised”5. The seal should be “exercised”
A. Before installation in compressorA. Before installation in compressor
B. After installation in the compressorB. After installation in the compressor
C. It must NOT be exercisedC. It must NOT be exercised
6. A reference dimension between 6. A reference dimension between compressor rotor and compressor compressor rotor and compressor casing should be taken or checked:casing should be taken or checked:
A. Before seal installation onlyA. Before seal installation only
B. After seal installation onlyB. After seal installation only
C. Before, during and after installationC. Before, during and after installation
D. Reference dimension not importantD. Reference dimension not important
![Page 40: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
4040
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
5. The seal should be “exercised”5. The seal should be “exercised”
A. Before installation in compressorA. Before installation in compressor
B. After installation in the compressorB. After installation in the compressor
C. It must NOT be exercisedC. It must NOT be exercised
6. A reference dimension between 6. A reference dimension between compressor rotor and compressor compressor rotor and compressor casing should be taken or checked:casing should be taken or checked:
A. Before seal installation onlyA. Before seal installation only
B. After seal installation onlyB. After seal installation only
C. Before, during and after installationC. Before, during and after installation
D. Reference dimension not importantD. Reference dimension not important
![Page 41: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
4141
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
7.7.If the installation tool jacking nuts become If the installation tool jacking nuts become tight:tight:
A. Use a longer spanner to give better A. Use a longer spanner to give better leverageleverage
B. Undo nuts and try to withdraw sealB. Undo nuts and try to withdraw seal
C. Stop, think, investigate, then take actionC. Stop, think, investigate, then take action
8. A failed seal should be:8. A failed seal should be:
A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping productionproduction
B. Removed with more care than with the B. Removed with more care than with the installation of a new seal.installation of a new seal.
![Page 42: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
4242
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
7.7.If the installation tool jacking nuts become If the installation tool jacking nuts become tight:tight:
A. Use a longer spanner to give better A. Use a longer spanner to give better leverageleverage
B. Undo nuts and try to withdraw sealB. Undo nuts and try to withdraw seal
C. Stop, think, investigate, then take actionC. Stop, think, investigate, then take action
8. A failed seal should be:8. A failed seal should be:
A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping productionproduction
B. Removed with more care than with the B. Removed with more care than with the installation of a new seal.installation of a new seal.
![Page 43: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
4343
Dry Gas Seal Installation - Test
7.7.If the installation tool jacking nuts become If the installation tool jacking nuts become tight:tight:
A. Use a longer spanner to give better A. Use a longer spanner to give better leverageleverage
B. Undo nuts and try to withdraw sealB. Undo nuts and try to withdraw seal
C. Stop, think, investigate, then take actionC. Stop, think, investigate, then take action
8. A failed seal should be:8. A failed seal should be:
A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping A. Jacked out quickly as it is stopping productionproduction
B. Removed with more care than with the B. Removed with more care than with the installation of a new seal – it may stick!installation of a new seal – it may stick!
![Page 44: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
4444© 2003 John Crane EAA
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
Dismantling andDismantling and
Re-assemblingRe-assembling
![Page 45: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
4545
Hands-on Exercise 3
S/38644S/38644 S/39397 S/39397 S/38006S/38006 S/39923S/39923T28AT+LabyT28AT+Laby T28ATT28AT Small T28ATSmall T28AT T28XPT28XP
1. Disassemble and re-assemble seal 1. Disassemble and re-assemble seal (Only disassemble/clean/assemble (Only disassemble/clean/assemble inboardinboard seal unit) seal unit)
2. Install 2. Install oneone new tolerance strip in new tolerance strip in bore of main sleevebore of main sleeve
3. Re-assemble seal3. Re-assemble seal
CC DD BB AA
![Page 46: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
4646© 2003 John Crane EAA
Seal Failure Seal Failure AnalysisAnalysis
![Page 47: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
4747
Failure Statistics - Returned Seals
80% - significant contamination80% - significant contamination 50% - contaminant was hydrocarbon50% - contaminant was hydrocarbon
liquid from process gasliquid from process gas lube oil from bearingslube oil from bearings
10% - solids / particulates10% - solids / particulates from pipeworkfrom pipework from process gas (incorrect filtration)from process gas (incorrect filtration)
4% - chloride based from the process gas4% - chloride based from the process gas 2% - free water from the process gas2% - free water from the process gas 14% - unknown contaminants14% - unknown contaminants
![Page 48: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
4848
Hydrocarbon Contamination
Oil from bearingsOil from bearings Ensure barrier seal is fitted between seal Ensure barrier seal is fitted between seal
and bearingsand bearings Ensure barrier gas is switched on before Ensure barrier gas is switched on before
oil system (30 minute delay)oil system (30 minute delay) Ensure oil system is switched off before Ensure oil system is switched off before
barrier gas system (30 minute delay)barrier gas system (30 minute delay) ProblemProblem
High temperature from shearing liquid - High temperature from shearing liquid - mating ring fracturemating ring fracture
Burnt oil deposits block grooves and/or Burnt oil deposits block grooves and/or cause hang-up of balance diameter sealcause hang-up of balance diameter seal
![Page 49: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
4949
Hydrocarbon Contamination
Hydrocarbons from Process GasHydrocarbons from Process Gas
Efficient coalescing filtersEfficient coalescing filters
Heat the filtered gas to overcome the Heat the filtered gas to overcome the
Joule-Thompson effectJoule-Thompson effect
![Page 50: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
5050
Other Contaminants
Water - corrosion of metal and carbideWater - corrosion of metal and carbide
drop-out from process gas, often at drop-out from process gas, often at pressurised stand-still conditionspressurised stand-still conditions
Chloride CorrosionChloride Corrosion
salt water entrained in process gassalt water entrained in process gas
All can be designed for - these were all All can be designed for - these were all unexpected contaminantsunexpected contaminants
![Page 51: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
5151
Liquid Contamination
![Page 52: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
5252
Other Causes of Failure Reverse RotationReverse Rotation
face contact can occurface contact can occur bi-directional seal (Type 28BD) can be bi-directional seal (Type 28BD) can be
suppliedsupplied occasional low speed acceptable with occasional low speed acceptable with
Type 28AT and Type 28XPType 28AT and Type 28XP Reverse PressureReverse Pressure
face contact can occurface contact can occur at high speeds - mating ring fractureat high speeds - mating ring fracture can be designed for static reverse can be designed for static reverse
pressurepressure consider pressurised double sealconsider pressurised double seal
![Page 53: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
5353
Other Causes of Failure Incorrect FittingIncorrect Fitting
axial alignment axial alignment (working length ± 0.5 (working length ± 0.5 mm)mm)
rotor in correct positionrotor in correct position accurate shimsaccurate shims
contamination from fitting lubricantscontamination from fitting lubricants incorrectly fitted tolerance ringsincorrectly fitted tolerance rings damaged o-rings / polymer ringsdamaged o-rings / polymer rings
O-ring damage during runningO-ring damage during running chemical attackchemical attack thermal attackthermal attack explosive decompressionexplosive decompression
![Page 54: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
5454
Contact Damage
Mating Rings
Not acceptable.Not acceptable.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 55: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
5555
Mating Rings
![Page 56: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
5656
Mating Rings
![Page 57: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
5757
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
![Page 58: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
5858
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
No liftNo lift Forced contactForced contact
![Page 59: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
5959
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
No liftNo lift Forced contactForced contact
Hang-upHang-upBlocked groovesBlocked grooves
DirtDirt
Blocked filterBlocked filterWrong filter sizeWrong filter sizeNo filterNo filter
Why/How?Why/How?
Check control systemCheck control system
Before start-up.Before start-up.Settle-out pressureSettle-out pressure
Start-upStart-upproceduresprocedures
Typical Example Typical Example of a Failure of a Failure Analysis Root Analysis Root Causes TreeCauses Tree
InstallationInstallation(Exercise?)(Exercise?)
Chemical attackChemical attackBal. diameter o-ringBal. diameter o-ring
Thermal attackThermal attackBal. diameter o-ringBal. diameter o-ring
CondensateCondensate
Joule-Thompson?Joule-Thompson?
Dew pointDew point
Bal. diameter wearBal. diameter wear
MisalignmentMisalignment
Thrust wornThrust wornDirtDirt
CokeCoke
Bearing OilBearing Oil
Buffer gasBuffer gassupply & timingsupply & timing
Labyrinth or Type 82Labyrinth or Type 82
ClearancesClearances
![Page 60: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
6060
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
Forced contactForced contact
Hang-upHang-up
AssemblyAssembly
Reverse rotationReverse rotation
TurbiningTurbining
Driver reversalDriver reversal
Wrong sealWrong seal
Thermal GrowthThermal Growth
No liftNo lift
Typical Example Typical Example of a Failure of a Failure Analysis Root Analysis Root Causes TreeCauses Tree
InstallationInstallation
Shim sizeShim size& position& position
Seal at correct end?Seal at correct end?
Reverse pressureReverse pressure
Check flare pressureCheck flare pressure
Check operating Check operating proceduresprocedures
Check buffer Check buffer gas pressuregas pressure
Thrust bearingThrust bearing
Check DE/NDE biasCheck DE/NDE bias
Check position Check position and conditionand condition
Was rotor in running position Was rotor in running position when seals were installed?when seals were installed?
![Page 61: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
6161
Mating Rings
Not acceptable, especially with Silicon Carbide.Not acceptable, especially with Silicon Carbide.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
Chips xx
xx
xx
![Page 62: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
6262
Mating Rings
Heat Checking
Very rare, but can be Very rare, but can be seen on tungsten seen on tungsten carbide. Not acceptable.carbide. Not acceptable.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 63: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
6363
Mating Rings
![Page 64: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
6464
Mating Rings
Pitting
Tungsten carbide can be Tungsten carbide can be attacked by contaminants. attacked by contaminants. Can sometimes be re-Can sometimes be re-lapped.lapped.In most cases, will have to In most cases, will have to be replaced.be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 65: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
6565
Mating Rings
Chloride attack on Chloride attack on Tungsten CarbideTungsten Carbide
![Page 66: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
6666
Mating Rings - Chloride Attack
![Page 67: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
6767
Mating Rings
Groove Deposits
Can be cleaned, but Can be cleaned, but usually needs re-lapping usually needs re-lapping and re-grooving.and re-grooving.Check for heat-crazing Check for heat-crazing and contact.and contact.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 68: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
6969
Primary Ring
Contact
Contact is unacceptable. Contact is unacceptable. Can cause excessive heat, Can cause excessive heat, melting the metal filler in melting the metal filler in the carbon.the carbon.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 69: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
7070
Showing Inside Diameter Primary Ring/Mating Ring Contact
Primary Ring
Not acceptable. Replace Primary Ring.Not acceptable. Replace Primary Ring.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 70: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
7171
Showing large particle marking. The face must be lapped backShowing large particle marking. The face must be lapped backto remove all trace, checked for thickness and re-processed.to remove all trace, checked for thickness and re-processed.
Probably needs replacing.Probably needs replacing.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
Primary Ring Damage
![Page 71: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
7272
Showing light gramaphoning with no depth, due to particles.Showing light gramaphoning with no depth, due to particles.Cosmetic, and acceptable.Cosmetic, and acceptable.
Cosmetic Marks
![Page 72: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
7373
Primary Ring
Normal Wear
Acceptable Acceptable “scuffing” marks.“scuffing” marks.
Radial scratches Radial scratches must be lapped must be lapped out.out.
![Page 73: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
7474
Showing light circumferential marks caused by particles Showing light circumferential marks caused by particles trapped between seal and facetrapped between seal and face
Cosmetic Marks
![Page 74: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
7676
Showing scuffing where particles have passed through the Showing scuffing where particles have passed through the seal.seal.
This is acceptable.This is acceptable.
Cosmetic Marks
![Page 75: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
7777
Showing surface discolouration which is due to the manufactureShowing surface discolouration which is due to the manufactureof the primary ring blank.of the primary ring blank.
This is acceptable.This is acceptable.(Not to be confused with oil blistering).(Not to be confused with oil blistering).
Cosmetic Marks
![Page 76: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
7878
Primary Ring
Radial Cracks
This is rare. Check that it This is rare. Check that it is a crack and not a is a crack and not a scratch. Must be scratch. Must be replaced.replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 77: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
7979
Primary Ring
Chipping
VeryVery small chips on the ID of the carbon are small chips on the ID of the carbon are acceptable provided they can be blended in.acceptable provided they can be blended in.
Small chips on the OD are acceptable provided they Small chips on the OD are acceptable provided they can be blended in.can be blended in.
Large chips require the primary ring to be replaced.Large chips require the primary ring to be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
BlendBlend
![Page 78: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
8080
Showing a small chip which may be blended out and accepted. Showing a small chip which may be blended out and accepted.
Chips
![Page 79: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
8181
Showing a larger chip encroaching onto the sealing dam.Showing a larger chip encroaching onto the sealing dam.Primary Ring must be replaced.Primary Ring must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
Chips
![Page 80: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
8282
Primary Ring
Oil Blisters
Not acceptable.Not acceptable.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 81: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
8383
Labyrinth – Chloride Attack
![Page 82: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
8484
Type 28XP Carrier - Contact
![Page 83: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
8585
O-Rings
Nicks and Cuts
![Page 84: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
8686
O-Rings
Explosive Decompression
![Page 85: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
8787
O-Rings
Thermal Damage
![Page 86: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
8989
Polymer Seals
Better explosive decompression and corrosion resistanceBetter explosive decompression and corrosion resistance
They require careful handling.They require careful handling.
![Page 87: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
9090
Sliding Damage
Polymer Seals
Typical of damage to Typical of damage to be found on seal OD be found on seal OD polymer rings in Type polymer rings in Type 28XP seals.28XP seals.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / Investigate HOW / WHY?WHY?
![Page 88: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
9191
Damaged Spring
Polymer Seals
Spring holds seal open to Spring holds seal open to enable pressure to enable pressure to energise the seal.energise the seal.Must be replaced.Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 89: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
9292
Metal Parts
Scored Bore Check critical areas Check critical areas (o-ring grooves, (o-ring grooves, tolerance ring grooves tolerance ring grooves and landings).and landings).
Polish out marks with Polish out marks with fine emery paper, but fine emery paper, but do not damage edges do not damage edges of tolerance strip of tolerance strip grooves.grooves.
Check compressor Check compressor shaft and clean up shaft and clean up carefully.carefully.
Check that correct Check that correct lubricant is being used, lubricant is being used, and used sparingly.and used sparingly.
Investigate HOW / Investigate HOW / WHY?WHY?
![Page 90: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
9393
Galling
Metal Parts
Often caused by Often caused by misalignment during misalignment during fitting or removal.fitting or removal.
Check condition of Check condition of compressor shaft and compressor shaft and take remedial action.take remedial action.
Repair may be possible, Repair may be possible, but distortion may but distortion may cause problem to re-cause problem to re-occur.occur.
Replacement is Replacement is generally advisedgenerally advised
![Page 91: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
9494
Metal Parts
Dents, bumps, hammer marks, distortion
Bore must be perfectly
round
SquareSquare
ParallelParallel
![Page 92: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
9595
Metal Parts
Fretting and Pitting
Contaminants in the gas can cause pitting.Contaminants in the gas can cause pitting.
The balance diameter is critical and pitting is not The balance diameter is critical and pitting is not acceptable.acceptable.
Must be replaced.Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?Investigate HOW / WHY?
![Page 93: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
9696
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
CC
AA
TT
leanlinessleanliness
ccuracyccuracy
imeime
![Page 94: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
9797
Dry Gas Seals
When:When:
1.1. Installing a sealInstalling a seal2.2. Removing a sealRemoving a seal3.3. Disassembling a sealDisassembling a seal4.4. Assembling a sealAssembling a seal
STOPSTOP if anything starts to get tight if anything starts to get tight
![Page 95: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
9898
Dry Gas SealsDry Gas Seals
leanlinessleanlinessCC
AA
TT
SS
ccuracyccuracy
imeime
top!!top!!
![Page 96: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
9999
Apply “CATS” and you can . . .
![Page 97: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Produced by John BlaberProduced by John Blaber
![Page 98: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
101101© 2003 John Crane EAA
Technology Technology DevelopmentsDevelopments
MaterialsMaterials
![Page 99: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
102102
High ModulusHigh Modulus
Good dry frictionGood dry friction
Homogeneous materialHomogeneous material
Good Thermal conductivityGood Thermal conductivity
Lower internal stressesLower internal stresses
Higher StabilityHigher Stability
Fracture ToughnessFracture Toughness
Existing Existing CarbonCarbon
Desirable AttributesDesirable Attributes SiliconSilicon
CarbideCarbide
Diamond like coatingDiamond like coating
Cranite Primary Ring Material
![Page 100: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
103103
Cranite Material - Attributes
Composite of Silicon Carbide & CarbonComposite of Silicon Carbide & Carbon High elastic modulusHigh elastic modulus
Reduced radial and toroidal deflectionsReduced radial and toroidal deflections
High thermal conductivityHigh thermal conductivity Reduced thermal distortionsReduced thermal distortions
High stabilityHigh stability Negligible residual distortionNegligible residual distortion
Good dry frictionGood dry friction Retains excellent carbon performanceRetains excellent carbon performance
![Page 101: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
104104
High ModulusHigh Modulus
Good dry frictionGood dry friction
Homogeneous materialHomogeneous material
Good Thermal conductivityGood Thermal conductivity
Lower internal stressesLower internal stresses
Higher StabilityHigher Stability
Fracture ToughnessFracture Toughness
Existing Existing CarbonCarbon
Desirable AttributesDesirable Attributes SiliconSilicon
CarbideCarbide
Diamond like coatingDiamond like coating
Cranite 2000CraniteCranite
20002000
![Page 102: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
105105
Cranite 2000 - Benefits Higher pressure capabilityHigher pressure capability
Controlled face distortionControlled face distortion Controlled radial deflectionsControlled radial deflections Reduced operating gapReduced operating gap Stiffer fluid filmStiffer fluid film
Reduced leakageReduced leakage Highly stable, repeatable at any pressureHighly stable, repeatable at any pressure
Excellent stop/start face performanceExcellent stop/start face performance No need for coatingNo need for coating
Field serviceableField serviceable
![Page 103: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
107107
Cranite 2000 DevelopmentDynamic IB leakages, cranite versus carbon faces @ 6000 rpm.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20 40 80 120 160 200Pressure / bar g.
Le
ak
ag
es
/ l
.min-1
Cranite 2000
Carbon
Dynamic Tests - Leakage Comparison
![Page 104: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
109109
Cranite Stop-Start & Slow Roll Tests Over 2100 stop-start cycles ( spring load )Over 2100 stop-start cycles ( spring load ) Over 50 hrs slow-roll @ 100 rpm Over 50 hrs slow-roll @ 100 rpm
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 5 10 15Time (min)
Sp
ee
d (
rpm
)
![Page 105: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
110110
Improved Silicon Carbide Material Increased TRS - 25%Increased TRS - 25% Increased fracture toughness - 40%Increased fracture toughness - 40% Improved availabilityImproved availability Adopted as Preferred Standard SiC Q1/99Adopted as Preferred Standard SiC Q1/99
![Page 106: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
111111
> Cranite FacesCranite Faces
> Improved seat material
Large Diameter Cranite Seal Tests
10.375” seal for Nam Groningen10.375” seal for Nam Groningen
![Page 107: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
112112
Improved Carbon 6 Month Development program6 Month Development program
Carbons tested to 250 barCarbons tested to 250 bar Residual distortion measuredResidual distortion measured Improved grade reduced distortion by 70 %Improved grade reduced distortion by 70 %
Carbon 1 Carbon 2 Carbon 3 OriginalCarbon
5.437"
7.125"
Re
sid
ua
l d
isto
rtio
n L
ev
el
![Page 108: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
113113
Improved Carbon Material Improved processingImproved processing
Reduced PrepressurisationReduced Prepressurisation
Less residual distortionLess residual distortion More uniform presentation angleMore uniform presentation angle Higher StabilityHigher Stability Reduced sensitivityReduced sensitivity
Improved reliabilityImproved reliability More stable leakageMore stable leakage Face shadowing eliminatedFace shadowing eliminated
![Page 109: Gas Seal Course Customer 112003 04a](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061115/5464c2c7b4af9f09558b4569/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
114114
Improved Carbon Tested on pilot jobs Q3/98Tested on pilot jobs Q3/98
Introduced on high pressure jobs Q4/98Introduced on high pressure jobs Q4/98
Adopted as standard for all Adopted as standard for all seals Q1/99seals Q1/99
Improved production processImproved production process Prepressurisation offlinePrepressurisation offline Cycle time reduced Cycle time reduced
from 3 days to 3 hoursfrom 3 days to 3 hours