Gas observatory - GRTgaz · France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its...
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Transcript of Gas observatory - GRTgaz · France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its...
Gas
obse
rvat
ory
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Today, more than ever, energy is a major social issue.
Beyond economic and environmental considerations, national energy policies, once the realm of a few experts, have become a matter of societal choices.
Today, our world must seek less abundance and a more informed use of energy. In this context, natural gas plays a crucial role, yet unknown to the general public.
Gas in Focus aims at shedding light on the role of natural gas in this transitional period by providing public access to consolidated, enlightening and reliable information.
Thanks to the expertise of its founding members, GRTgaz and Sia Partners, this natural gas “observatory” positions itself as a leading guide in this sector. It is composed of five information units: Infrastructures, Uses, Environment, Markets and Supply.
You can find the content of this handbook with regularly updated information, outlooks and analyses at .
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Plus que jamais, l’énergie est au cœur des débats.
Au-delà des enjeux économiques et environnementaux, les politiques énergétiques nationales, autrefois domaine réservé de quelques experts, sont devenues de véritables choix de société.
Nous devons passer d’un monde de profusion à la sobriété énergétique mais, dans ce contexte, le gaz naturel joue un rôle crucial méconnu du grand public.
Gas in Focus a pour ambition de mettre en lumière la place du gaz naturel dans cette période de transition, en donnant à tous l’accès à une information consolidée, pédagogique et fiable.
Fort de l’expertise de ses fondateurs, GRTgaz et Sia Partners, cet observatoire du gaz naturel se positionne comme le guide de référence du secteur. Il s’articule autour de cinq pôles d’information : Infrastructures, Usages, Environnement, Marchés et Approvisionnement.
Retrouvez tout le contenu de ce mémento avec des données mises à jour régulièrement, ainsi que des focus sur chacun des pôles d’information, des notes de conjoncture et des analyses ponctuelles de l’actualité sur www.gasinfocus.com.
3
Plus que jamais, l’énergie est au cœur des débats.
Au-delà des enjeux économiques et environnementaux, les politiques énergétiques nationales, autrefois domaine réservé de quelques experts, sont devenues de véritables choix de société.
Nous devons passer d’un monde de profusion à la sobriété énergétique mais, dans ce contexte, le gaz naturel joue un rôle crucial méconnu du grand public.
Gas in Focus a pour ambition de mettre en lumière la place du gaz naturel dans cette période de transition, en donnant à tous l’accès à une information consolidée, pédagogique et fiable.
Fort de l’expertise de ses fondateurs, GRTgaz et Sia Partners, cet observatoire du gaz naturel se positionne comme le guide de référence du secteur. Il s’articule autour de cinq pôles d’information : Infrastructures, Usages, Environnement, Marchés et Approvisionnement.
Retrouvez tout le contenu de ce mémento avec des données mises à jour régulièrement, ainsi que des focus sur chacun des pôles d’information, des notes de conjoncture et des analyses ponctuelles de l’actualité sur www.gasinfocus.com.
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Major gas infrastructures in France 6
Natural gas distribution system operators in France 7
Gas transmission operators in Europe 8
Transmission system operators‟ investment programmes in France 9
Underground storage sites for natural gas in Europe 10
Existing and planned LNG terminals in Europe 11
Evolution of the global LNG carrier fleet 12
Breakdown of the consumption of primary energy in France 13
Share of natural gas in Europe's final consumption of energy 14
Final energy consumption by sector in France 15
Centralised production of electricity from natural gas 16
Breakdown of natural gas consumption in France 17
Types of energy used for heating by type of housing 18
Seasonality of the consumption of natural gas in France 19
Forecasted evolution of the annual consumption of natural gas 20
Forecasted evolution of consumption peaks for natural gas
Evolution scenarios of the annual gas consumption in France 22
Biogas production channels in Europe 23
Evolution of biogas production in Europe 24
Carbon content of common fuels 25
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Summary
Vehicles and NGV stations in Europe 26
Evolution of the antipollution aplicables standards in heavy trucks and NGV positioning 27
Composition of the natural gas consumed in Europe 28
Evolution of natural gas consumption/residential site
in France 29
Markets Comparison of gas prices paid by European consumers 30
Evolution of domestic prices of gas and electricity 31
Evolution of the prices of natural gas in the main market zones 32
Correlation between gas prices and oil product prices 33
Opening of gas and electricity markets in France 34
Degree of liberalisation of the gas market in Europe 35
Evolution of volumes traded on European markets 36
Evolution of the “Points d’Echange de Gaz” (PEG) activity in France 37
Supply Gross imports of natural gas into Europe 38
Energy independence and natural gas in Europe 39
Sources of natural gas consumed in France 40
Imports of natural gas into the European Union 41
Evolution of the sources of gas supplied to the EU-28
in 2014 versus 2013 42
European supply potential forecast for 2025 43
Evolution of conventional natural gas reserves 44
Global natural gas reserves 45
History of the world‘s production of natural gas 46
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This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
7
This map shows the locations of the main Distribution System Operators (GRD) for natural gas in France and the length of the network under concession to each operator. For ease of reading, the size of the GrDF icon is not proportional to the length of its network (195,000km for approximately 9,515 municipalities served).
The Law of April 8th 1946, which structured the nationalization of the energy sector, preserved the rights of municipalities in matters related to the public distribution of electricity and gas. Therefore, while private companies were nationalized, certain local publicly-owned companies remained in business.
Today, approximately 600 municipalities in France hire a local operator to manage their natural gas distribution network in the framework of a public service agreement. Distribution System Operators are regulated companies, whose mission is to guarantee access to their network and ensure natural gas flows through this network transparently and without discrimination.
SPEGNN, gtg2007 (2015)
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Cette carte localise les principaux Gestionnaires de Réseau de Distribution (GRD) de gaz naturel en France, avec pour chacun la longueur du réseau concédé. Pour des considérations de lisibilité, la taille du disque de GrDF n’est pas proportionnelle à la longueur de son réseau (195 000 km pour environ 9 515 communes desservies).
La loi du 8 avril 1946 qui a organisé la nationalisation du secteur de l'énergie a maintenu les droits des communes en matière de distribution publique de l’électricité et du gaz. Ainsi, si les sociétés privées ont été nationalisées, certaines entreprises publiques locales ont pu poursuivre leur activité.
On compte aujourd’hui environ 600 communes en France qui confient la gestion de leur réseau de distribution de gaz naturel à une entreprise locale, dans le cadre d’une délégation de service public. Les GRD sont des entreprises régulées.
SPEGNN, gtg2007 (2015)
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This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
8
This map shows the locations of European Transmission System Operators (TSO).
The EU-28 has approximately 40 Transmission System Operators today, managing around 200,000 kilometers of network. For the most part, these companies are located within their historic geographical scope. The size of the networks varies to a great degree as it is directly related to the size of the countries in which the Transmission System Operators operate.
The Transmission System Operators are regulated companies that build and operate pipelines, and they sell their networks' transmission capacities.
ENTSOG (2014)
FGSZ
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
9
CRE (2015)
This graph presents the evolution of investments made by the two natural gas transmission operators in France.
Since 2006, investments in gas transmission networks have increased significantly to allow the emergence of a liquid market interconnected with the European market and to upgrade facilities to ensure compliance with the regulations, in particular those related to safety.
In 2013, the amounts invested are mainly allocated to the development of the principal network.
All these investments are subject to the approval of the French Energy Regulatory Commission (“Commission de Régulation de l'Energie”). The Transmission System Operators publish their ten-year investment plan every year.
52 154 176
77 91 84 121 129,5 103 132 82
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016*
GRTgaz TIGF *Budgetary path
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
10
This map represents the working gas capacities of underground storage sites in millions of m3 and the number of storages in each European country.
The total working gas capacity in Europe today totals around 146 billion m3, including 108 billion m3 in the UE-28. Global storage capacity is currently estimated at over 360 billion m3.
France, Germany and Italy hold approximately 1/3 of their annual requirement in stock. These countries store natural gas in a unique logistics chain to maintain a balance between supply and demand.
GSE (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
11
GIIGNL,GLE(2015)
This map shows the natural gas regasification facilities in Europe that are either currently operating or planned. The planned LNG terminals indicated on the map are those for which an investment decision has been made.
The LNG regasification capacities in Europe represent approximately 20% of world capacity, near the USA (18%) but behind Japan (28%). The deployment of 25 billion m3 additional emission capacity for 2016, will increase the total capacity of Europe to 221 billion m3. This will allow to compensate reduction of the domestic production and diversify sources of supply.
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
12
These graphs show the evolution of the global LNG carrier fleet : annual vessels commissioned, total number of LNG carriers in service and average capacity.
The implementation of new LNG carriers clearly goes up again with 47 new vessels these last 2 years. At the same time, the average capacity of the LNG carriers increased to reach 161 000 m3 in 2014. Appetite for larger vessels is confirmed in the orders registered in 2014: 80 % of the ordered LNG carriers will have a capacity superior to 170 000 m3.
IGU - WORLD LNG REPORT (2015)
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This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
6
This map shows the major gas infrastructures in France (transmission, storages and LNG terminals), as well as the main interconnection points with bordering countries.
France no longer has any major natural gas resources within its territory. 84% of natural gas consumed is imported by pipeline from interconnection points (Norway, Russia, the Netherlands, etc.), 16% by sea via the LNG terminals (Algeria, Qatar, etc.).
Close to 15 underground storage sites allow for a balance to be maintained between supplies, which are relatively constant throughout the year, and consumption levels which vary seasonally.
GRTgaz, TIGF (2015)
13
SOeS - Bilan énergétique de la France pour 2014 (2015)
This graph presents the evolution of the breakdown of the various energy sources for the total consumption of primary energy in France. Primary energy refers to the energy content of the resource as found in nature (fissile material for nuclear generated electricity, natural gas, coal, etc.).
The breakdown of primary energy sources has not changed significantly over the past 20 years, with the exception of a significant drop in coal's contribution.
We also note the growth of renewable energies, now added to the traditionally-used hydraulic-based resource.
* Hydraulic excluding pumping
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* Not renewable primary electricity and hydraulic production by pumping).
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Eurostat (2015)
La part du gaz naturel dans la consommation finale d’énergie correspond au rapport entre la consommation totale de gaz naturel (industrielle, résidentiel-tertiaire, production d’électricité) et la consommation finale totale d’énergie sur l’année 2013.
La part du gaz naturel dans la consommation finale d’énergie pour l’UE28 est de 22,9% en 2013. La France, avec une part du gaz à 21.2%, se situe légèrement en dessous de la moyenne européenne, en raison d’un usage important de l’électricité pour le chauffage des logements. Cette situation est particulière à la France qui est dotée d’un important parc de production nucléaire.
Les pays producteurs ou proches de pays producteurs ont logiquement une part de gaz dans la consommation finale d’énergie plus élevée.
0%
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Pays-Bas
Hongrie
Royaume-Uni
Italie
Belgique
Slovaquie
Roumanie
Allemagne
Rép. Tchèque
France
Croatie
Espagne
Autriche
Irlande
Luxembourg
Pologne
Bulgarie
Lituanie
Slovénie
Danemark
Portugal
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Estonie
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Finlande
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14
Eurostat (2015)
La part du gaz naturel dans la consommation finale d’énergie correspond au rapport entre la consommation totale de gaz naturel (industrielle, résidentiel-tertiaire, production d’électricité) et la consommation finale totale d’énergie sur l’année 2013.
La part du gaz naturel dans la consommation finale d’énergie pour l’UE28 est de 22,9% en 2013. La France, avec une part du gaz à 21.2%, se situe légèrement en dessous de la moyenne européenne, en raison d’un usage important de l’électricité pour le chauffage des logements. Cette situation est particulière à la France qui est dotée d’un important parc de production nucléaire.
Les pays producteurs ou proches de pays producteurs ont logiquement une part de gaz dans la consommation finale d’énergie plus élevée.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Pays-Bas
Hongrie
Royaume-Uni
Italie
Belgique
Slovaquie
Roumanie
Allemagne
Rép. Tchèque
France
Croatie
Espagne
Autriche
Irlande
Luxembourg
Pologne
Bulgarie
Lituanie
Slovénie
Danemark
Portugal
Lettonie
Estonie
Grèce
Finlande
Suède
Chypre
Malte
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
15
SOeS - Bilan énergétique de la France pour 2014 (2015)
This graph presents the breakdown for 2014 of the different sources of energy used in the total consumption of energy in France, both in general and for Transportation, Industry and Housing and Service sectors, respectively.
Natural gas is used more than electricity in industry and residential, but not in services where it ranks second after electricity (due to specific uses such as air conditioning). In industry, gas is used mainly for process heating and also as a raw material for the chemical industry (fertiliser and refining).
15
10
2
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Total Housing and servicesector
Industry Transportation
Renewables
Gas
Electricity
Oil
Coal
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
16
GRTgaz (2015)
This map shows the locations of the centralised production sites for the power generation using natural gas currently in operation or planned in France as of July 1st 2014. The power plants indicated as planned are those for which a connection contract has been signed with a TSO.
In 2014, the total electric power of French natural gas-fired power plants is 6.1 GW. In 2012-2013, in France like in the rest of Europe, power plants were mothballed under combined effect of several factors (price of the coal, CO2, natural gas, electricity and electricity ultra-low demand). Since the end of 2014, big part of mothballed power plants, took back the production.
Montoir (435 MWe)
Genevilliers (210 MWe)
DK6 - Dunkerque (790 MWe)
Pont sur Sambre (412 MWe)
Bouchain (510MWe)
Montereau (370 MWe)
Saint -Avold (860 MWe)
Blénod (430 MWe)
Toul (413 MWe)
Bayet (410 MWe)
Cycofos – Fos sur Mer (480 MWe)
Combigolfe – Fos sur Mer (425 MWe)
Landivisiau (422 MWe)
Martigues (2x465 MWe)
Plant in service or mothballed as of July 1st, 2014
Plant under construction or currently being tested
Plant planned
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
17
GRTgaz (2015)
This graph presents the breakdown of natural gas consumption by customer type. For 2014, industry consumption is broken down by business sector.
Public distribution to household customers and SMEs represents close to two thirds of the consumption of natural gas.
Certain industry sectors that are major consumers of natural gas are connected directly to the transmission networks. There are close to 1,000 sites of this type in France, representing one third of total consumption.
N.B. In France, natural gas transmission is provided by two different transmission operators, each having its own zones: GRTgaz and TIGF. In 2013, 93% of total consumption fell within the GRTgaz network, and 7% in TIGF’s.
3,1 2
56,3
24,3
19,4
12,6
7,1
14,9 Glass - Non-metallic materials
Paper
Metallurgy
Agrifood industry
Electricity - District heating
Chemistry - Oil industry
Other
Automobiles - Tyres 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2 005 2 006 2 007 2 008 2 009 2 010 2 011 2 012 2 013 2014
Centralised power generation
Industrial transportation customers
Public Distribution
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
ce
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
nd
Bulg
aria
Lith
uani
a
Slov
enia
Den
mar
k
Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
18
INSEE, SOeS (2014)
These graphs present the breakdown of heating energies by type of housing in France.
Market share for gas and electricity has progressively risen, while the use of fuel oil and charcoal has declined. The share of natural gas is greater in the multiple-family dwelling segment. In most dwellings, natural gas is also used for the production of domestic hot water and for cooking.
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
Electricity
LPG
Gas
Fuel oil
Charcoal
36%
3%
34%
20%
7%
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
Other
Electricity
LPG
Gas
Fuel oil
Charcoal
Urban
33%
56%
9%
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
19
GRTgaz (2015)
This graph presents, first, the evolution of the average weighted temperature by consumption (observed in GRTgaz's zone) and, second, the evolution of the consumption of public distribution and industrial customers directly connected to GRTgaz' transmission network.
A comparison of the temperature and consumption curves indicate that the weather has a direct, overriding effect on the seasonal fluctuations of natural gas consumption. We also note the impact of the slowdown in industrial activity over the summer.
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20
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70
Industrial transportation customers (TWh)
Average observed temperature (°C)
Public distribution (TWh)
Average reference temperature (°C)
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
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40%
Net
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14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
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Hun
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Italy
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Slov
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Ger
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Fran
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Cro
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Spai
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Latv
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Esto
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Finl
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Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
20
Ten years plan for the development of GRTgaz' network 2015 – 2024 (2015)
This graph shows GRTGaz' forecasts for annual natural gas consumption broken down by segment.
As environmental policies governing buildings are increasingly demanding, the consumption by residential-service should drop by 2021. However, the progressive elimination of direct electrical heating (by convector) could cause a future rise in demand for natural gas as a substitute. Combined cycle plants gas consumption in sharp drop since 2011 for the benefit of power plants coal, could find significant levels of request from 2017 further to the limitations of the durations of functioning of power plants fuel and coal on one hand, and in the increase of the irregularity of the means of production of electricity from renewable energies on the other hand.
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Housing and Service segment
Industry segment
Centralised production of electricity and co-generation
Total consumption within GRTgaz‟ network
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Netherlands
Hungary
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Slovakia
Romania
Germany
Czech Republic
France
Croatia
Spain
Austria
Ireland
Luxembourg
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Slovenia
Denmark
Portugal
Latvia
Estonia
Greece
Finland
Sweden
Cyprus
Malta
21
This graph presents forecasts for the demand in natural gas at peak times as established by GRTgaz, with a breakdown between public distribution and industrial customers connected directly to the transmission network.
Peak consumption is a criterion when sizing energy transmission networks. The peak allows for an evaluation of the maximum capacity a network must face when conditions of use are extremely intense. With regard to consumption that is very sensitive to weather (public distribution and residential-service), the most stringent conditions are considered established when the temperature adopted is the lowest that has been observed over 50 years (2% risk, hence the term "P2 peak"). With regard to industrial consumption, except in a few specific cases, the maximum nominal power drawn by the industrial site is used. We assume that the consumption peak forecast changes in parallel with forecasts for volumes consumed. The total peak increase is therefore mainly attributable to power plants.
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Public distribution
Industrial customers
Ten years plan for the development of GRTgaz' network 2015 – 2024 (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
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10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
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Hun
gary
Uni
ted
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Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
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Rom
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Ger
man
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Cze
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epub
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Fran
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Cro
atia
Spai
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Irela
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Luxe
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urg
Pola
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Bulg
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Lith
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a
Slov
enia
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Port
ugal
Latv
ia
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Finl
and
Swed
en
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
14
Eurostat (2015)
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy refers to the ratio between the total consumption of natural gas (industrial, residential/service and production of electricity) and the final total consumption of energy.
The share of natural gas in the final consumption of energy for the EU-28 was 22.9% in 2013. In France, the share totals 21.2%, less than the average for Europe due to the widespread use of electricity to heat housing. This situation is specific to France, which has a large number of nuclear power plants.
Producing countries, or countries close to producing countries, obviously have a greater share of gas in their final consumption of energy.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Net
herla
nds
Hun
gary
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Italy
Belg
ium
Slov
akia
Rom
ania
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Fran
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Cro
atia
Spai
n
Aus
tria
Irela
nd
Luxe
mbo
urg
Pola
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Bulg
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Lith
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Slov
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Den
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Latv
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Finl
and
Swed
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Cyp
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Mal
ta
22
0
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400
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700
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
GRTgaz Scenario (reference)
GRTgaz Scenario (with the GRTgaz mobility development)
Mix Green Scenario (French Energy Transition Law)
Diversified Uses Scenario
Ten years plan for the development of GRTgaz' network 2015 – 2024 (2015)
This graph presents the evolution of the annual consumption according to the reference scenario, the reference scenario with steady development gas as fuel, alternative Mix green scenarios (low scenario) and diversified uses (high scenario).
The reference scenario is in accordance with the likely evolution of the structural context, economic and statutory. It takes into account bearable efforts of energy efficiency by the households and the industry.
The green Mix scenario integrate an objective of 30 % reduction of fossil energy consumptions, the development of gas as fuel in transports and the limitation in 50 % of the electric production from nuclear power in 2025. Efforts of energy efficiency are at the maximum.
In the diversified uses scenario, gas is used widely in all sectors, for electricity production and like fuel.
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
23
Eurobserv’ER (2013)
Biogas is produced from organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Production can take place in waste storage facilities, treatment plants or using organic waste from agriculture and the agrifood industry (on the graph, “Other”).
Thanks to its proactive policy, Germany is the main producer of biogas in Europe with a production of 6900 ktep in 2013 (half of Europe's production). This production is essentially based on waste from agriculture and the agrifood industry. For its part, the United Kingdom produces a significant proportion of biogas in waste storage facilities. These two examples illustrate the existence of a potentially large yet undeveloped production of biogas in Europe. Biogas is most often used to produce electricity: 53 TWh in 2013
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
France
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Spain
Waste disposal sites
Sewage treatment plants
Other biogases
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
24
Environnement
Evolution of biogas production in Europe
Source : SOES, Bilan de l’énergie 2014 and PNA 2020
Description :
This indicator shows the evolution of biogas production in France since 2006 and the trend to follow in order to achieve the PNA 2020 objectives (Plan d’Action National en faveur des énergies renouvelables).
Analyse :
Electricity production thanks to biogas follows the rigth trend in order to achieve the 625MWe installed capacities objective (and a 3700 GWh production).
On the other hand, the heat production growth is beneath the target trend, which makes the goal quite difficult to achieve by 2020 without any strong change of the growth of production plants. The plan Énergie Méthanisation Autonomie Azote, announced by the government in 2013 plans on the construction of 130 new mechanization projects per year from 2013 to 2020.
800 000 households with electricity (heating not included) and will produce 555Mtep of renewable heat.
0
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1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
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Heat production Série2Electricity production Série4
Ktep (Heat) GWh (Electricity) Achieved Target
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
25
ADEME (2015)
This graph compares CO2 emissions across various commonly used fuels. The non-life cycle analysis (LCA) content takes only into account CO2 emissions from combustion. CO2 emissions generated thoughout the supply chain (extraction, transmission and distribution) are highlighted by the LCA content.
Natural gas plants has the lowest output rate of CO2 per kilowatt-hour and emits 40% less CO2 than coal plants. Natural gas is all the more interesting as its supply chain cycle has one of the lowest CO2 emissions. It has, therefore, one of the best LCA ratios of all fossil energies.
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Coal Heavy fueloil
Homeheatingfuel oil
Diesel fuel Petrol LPG Naturalgas
Woodenergy
Direct emissions
LCA emissions
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Euro III(2001)
Euro IV(2006)
Euro V(2009)
Euro VI(2014)
2
27
IVECO-AFGNV (2015)
This graph presents Euro standards emission of nitrogen oxides and particles for heavy trucks as well as measured emissions for NGV‟s vehicles (WHTC cycle).
Euro standards emissions fix the maximal limits about rejections of pollutants (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particles) for rolling vehicles. These more and more strict standards seek to limit the atmospheric pollution due to the road transport. We notice that the NGV has a much better environmental performance regarding particles emissions (-84% with regard to the threshold Euro VI) and NOx (-70%), particularly sensitive elements in the dense urban areas.
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
Euro III(2001)
Euro IV(2006)
Euro V(2009)
Euro VI(2014)
0,46
0,14
Euro VI
GNV
-70%
Euro VI
GNV
-84% 0,01
0,0016
5
3,5
0,18
0,03 0,03 0,01
0,46
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
28
Société Chimique de France
This graph depicts the composition of natural gas upon extraction from the main deposits that supply the European market. The quality of gas differs in accordance with its origin.
The composition of natural gas is subject to variations due to its geographic origin. It is essentially composed of a combination of alkanes (methane, ethane and propane) and inert gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen), with at least 80% methane content regardless of the origin of the gas. The gas' calorific value is determined by its composition: the greater the proportion of alkanes, the higher the calorific value. For example, the quality of Russian gas is greater than that of Dutch gas. Algerian gas stands out, as the “Other" part is composed of a large proportion of alkanes, which explains its relatively high calorific value.
kWh/m3
10,8
11,6
11,3
9,2
North Sea
Algeria
Russia
Netherlands
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Methane Other
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
26
This map represent the number of vehicles and NGV stations in every Europe (E.U 28) countries.
The best equipped countries are Italy (990 stations) and Germany (840 stations). In France, we counted only 40 stations in 2014. The sector is today supported by the European Union which adopted, in September 2014, the directive AFI, to guarantee a sufficient cover in NGV refreshment points in Europe. The implementation of public network distribution is the prerequisite essential to the development of the vehicles park running to the NGV. In France the park account 13000 vehicles limited today to the segments of buses, garbage trucks and fleets of company.
NGVA Europe (2015)
29
CRE
This graph presents the drop of natural gas consumption and the evolution of the number of sites consuming natural gas in the domestic market in France.
This chart shows a more efficient use of natural gas in the domestic sector. Indeed, the consumption per household has dropped from 13.5 MWh in 2007 to 11.7 MWh in 2014.
Thanks to the thermal regulations of 2007 and 2012, the building energy efficiency has improved. Gas installations in the domestic sector have evolved to fulfill the requirements to be implemented in low-energy houses or even in positive energy houses if combined with other technologies.
10
11
12
13
14
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Annualised gas consumption in residential sector
Number of sites in the residential sector consuming gas
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
30
Eurostat (2015)
This benchmark compares prices in the domestic and industrial segments for the countries of the European Union. The prices are based on the average price invoiced at the end of the second semester of 2014 and for each country, the tax component is highlighted.
The European average is weighted by volumes consumed in each country.
The average price for natural gas in the European Union was €44.5/MWh on the industrial market and €71.9/MWh on the domestic one. On the industrial market, the average price has decreased by 8% since 2013 (in 2013, it was at 48.1€/MWh incl. tax). It is now at the same level as in 2012. On the contrary, in the domestic sector, the average price for natural gas is still rising: since 2008, it has increased by 35%. Mainly due to taxation and to geographic distance from producing countries, gas prices – tax included – may vary by up to 100% in some E.U. countries on both the industrial and domestic sectors.
020406080
DenmarkSwedenBosnia-Herz.HungaryFinlandSloveniaGermanyGreereCroatiaIrelandPortugalAustriaLituaniaLuxembourgSlovakiaFranceSpainLatviaPolandNetherlandsUnited KingdomEstoniaBulgariaItalyBelgiumSerbiaCzech Rep.RoumaniaTurkey
0 20 40 60 80 100
SwedenDenmark
ItalyPortugal
SpainGreece
NetherlandsAustriaFranceIreland
GermanyBelgiumSloveniaLituania
United KingdomCzech Rep.
LuxembourgSlovakiaBulgaria
Bosnia-Herz.PolandLatvia
EstoniaCroatiaSerbia
HungaryTurkey
Roumania
Priceexcl.Tax
E.U. average: €/MWh incl.
tax
E.U. average: €/MWh incl.
tax
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
31
Eurostat (2015)
This chart presents the evolution of prices on the domestic market in France and the EU-28, with an electricity/gas comparison.
Unlike electricity, the price of natural gas for the end household consumer in France follows the European trend. The domestic price of electricity in France is one of the lowest in Europe because of its historic nuclear power strategy. The domestic price for the gas MWh is lower than the electric MWh, mainly due to the difference in yield of the value chains.
0
50
100
150
200
E.U. – Natural Gas
France – Natural Gas
E.U. – Electricity
France – Electricity
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
32
SOeS, World Data Bank, Energy Information Administration (2015)
This graph presents the evolution of wholesale prices for the three main market zones: Western Europe, North America and Southeast Asia (including Japan).
Until 2009, general trends in the three zones where mostly in line, but a real divergence started in 2009. On one hand, the price of gas in Asia skyrocketed mainly further to the Fukushima catastrophe. On the other hand, the rise in unconventional natural gas exploitation in the United States explains the sustained drop in prices on the American continent since 2008. Under theses circumstances, the spread between these two countries has reached historical highs (39.05€/MWh in 2012).
However, since 2015, prices of GNL in Asia have dropped: in a few months, they were divided by 2. This is due to the indexation of many long-terms contracts on oil prices, which have decreased by 50% in 6 months.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Europe (NBP)
Japan (GNL)
USA (Henry Hub)
HenryHub peak : power
shortage in California
Hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico
affecting oil extraction
Impact of Fukushima on Asian prices
Prices collapse due to shale gas abundance
Complete shifting of US
and Japan prices, with Europe in between
Consequences of the drop of Brent
index
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
33
SOeS, World Data Bank (2015
This graph shows the evolution of prices for long-term natural gas supply contracts in Europe (BAFA: import price in Germany), the market price for natural gas on the London stock exchange (NBP Spot) and the price of oil products represented by the Brent index (€/barrel).
This indicator underlines the strong correlation between the prices of gas and oil products. Long-term natural gas supply contract prices are in fact indexed on the Brent price. The three to six month discrepancy in the long-term contract prices as compared to the Brent price is due to the smoothing of the indexing formulas.
After a certain stability (between 80 and 90€/bl), the Brent index has drastically dropped : it was divided by 2 between June 2014 and January 2015. Import prices and the average sport price for NBP gas should follow the same trend during the 2nd semester of 2015.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50Europe, import prices (€/MWh)
Average spot price for NBP gas (€/MWh)
Brent price (€/bl)
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
34
Markets Opening of gas and electricity markets in France
Source : CRE (2015)
Description : The sizes and shares of the markets set out above illustrate the opening rates on the gas and electricity markets at the end of the first semester of 2014 in terms of number of sites supplied. Analysis : The electricity and gas markets were opened up in 2004 for businesses and 2007 for households.
The level of openness of gas market is much more important than in electricity market.
For the first time non residential sites at market prices of the historic supplier share exceeds regulated tariff share, this trend should be strengthened with the progressive end of the regulated tariff.
The difference between the degree of openness of the gas and electricity markets is greater when one looks at energy consumed rather than the number of sites.
Natural gas Electricity
Resi
den
tial
No
n r
esi
den
tial
Regulated tariff Market price – historic supplier Market price – alternative supplier
65% 17%
18%
29%
38%
33%
86%
5% 9%
90%
10%
0
10
20
30
Gas Elec
10,6
31,6
0
1
2
3
4
5
Gas Elec
5,0
0,7
Markets’ sizes (millions of sites)
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
35
Eurostat (2014)
This graph presents the market shares of historic and alternative providers in different EU-28 countries as a volume of natural gas consumed.
We note the major gaps in the degree of openness of gas markets among the European countries. Some countries, like Germany, see the market share of their historic provider (15%) drop in favor of alternative providers, whose number is steadily increasing (more than 850 in Germany).
In France, historic supplier‟s share keep decreasing (60% in 2012 versus 51% in 2013) so that its share could drop to below 50% in 2014.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Market shares of the natural gas retailers with less than 5% share
Cumulative market shares of the main natural gas retailers (shares > 5%)
Market share of the largest natural gas retailer
* Information not available for the largest
retailer ** Information not
available for largest and main retailers
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
36
This graph presents the volumes traded on the main European markets. These markets have allowed for the creation of energy exchanges, which set the prices.
Organised natural gas markets (or gas exchanges) represent a small percentage of the gas volumes traded on the European wholesale market: the OTC (Over The Counter) market still covers most European trading.
In France, the market is organized in the form of the “Points d‟Echange de Gaz" (PEG) and Powernext operates the energy market. PEG Nord covers most of the volumes traded.
NBP (UK) remains the main market in Europe but TTF is catching up quickly so that it‟s becoming the reference market in continental Europe.
Gas In Focus consolidated data *: For NBP, no consolidated datas before 2011, but it was already the main european market place
**: Since 2010, no more consolidated datas for PSV
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014
NBP*
TTF
NCG
CEGH
GASPOOL
PEGs
PSV**
ZBH
37
GRTgaz (2015)
This indicator illustrates the evolution over the past six years of natural gas volumes traded on the GRTgaz' “Points d‟Echange de Gaz” (PEG Nord and PEG Sud/TRS), and the number of players who have access to these markets.
In France, the market players may use two virtual gas title transfer points: PEG Nord and TRS (the merge between PEG Sud and TIGF), which record trading among gas market players (consumers, suppliers, producers, traders, etc.).
PEG Nord covers most of the gas trading in France. Since the launch of these virtual title transfer points, the PEGs have been recording a steadily rise in trade, whereas the stable number of players since 2014 shows a maturity in the market.
Number of PEG players
Volumes traded (TWh)
GRTgaz‟s PEG players in july 2015
Traded for the two PEG in july 2015
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
38
BP Statistical Review 2015, Eurostat 2014
This graph presents imports of natural gas in the different countries of the European Union based on the supply method adopted.
The European Union has imported 6620 TWh in 2014. LNG accounts for 6.5% of these imports, compared to more than 20% in 2011 because of the redirection of the LNG trades towards Asia. However, the IEA forecasts an increase in this proportion to 35% by 2030.
Germany is the second largest importer of natural gas in the world, just behind the United States (88% of its consumption).
Spain is the European country having developed its LNG sector the most due to its geographic location.
France has been reinforcing its development of LNG for a few years now, but LNG imports represents only 13% of its net imports in 2014 (28% In 2011) due to the growing LNG demand in Asia and the decrease of the national consumption.
0
200
400
600
800
1 000
1 200
1 400
1 600
1 800
Ger
man
y
Ital
y
Fran
ce UK
Aust
ria
Pola
nd
Slova
kia
Bel
giu
m
Spai
n
Cze
ch R
epublic
Net
her
land
s
Bulg
aria
Hungar
y
Port
ugal
Lith
uan
ia
Irel
and
Finla
nd
Gre
ec
Latv
ia
Slove
nia
Cro
atia
Luxem
bourg
Swed
en
Dan
mar
k
Rom
ania
Esto
nia
Cyp
rus
Mal
ta
Net imports by pipeline (TWh)
LNG net imports (TWh)
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
39
Eurostat (Data 2014)
Energy independence is defined as the ratio between primary natural gas production and a country's gross domestic consumption. It indicates a country's capacity to be self-sufficient in natural gas.
A country whose ratio exceeds 100% is an exporting country, like Denmark and the Netherlands, where domestic production exceeds gross consumer demand.
The EU, with a rate of energy independence that may drop from 34% in 2014 to less than 30% in 2030, has placed its supply strategy at the heart of its energy policy. Only 2 countries out of 28 are independent and can export their production to other European countries.
This indicator shows the importance of a diversified supply strategy in Europe in order to minimize risks related to situations such as the 2009 and 2014 Russia-Ukraine gas disputes.
More specifically in France where the production of gas was for commercialization stopped in 2013 when the Lacq deposit closed, a strong diversification supply strategy must be put in place.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
Bel
igum
Esto
nia
Gre
ece
Latv
ia
Litt
uan
ia
Luxem
bourg
Port
ugal
Slove
nia
Finla
nd
Swed
en
Chyp
re
Mal
ta
Fran
ce
Spai
n
Slova
kia
Cze
ch R
epublic
Bulg
aria
Irel
and
Ital
y
Ger
man
y
Aust
ria
Hungar
y
Pola
nd
UK
Cro
atia
Rom
ania
Den
mar
k
Net
her
land
s
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
41
BP Statistical Review 2015
This map represents the EU-28's main natural gas imports based on the country of origin. Blue arrows represent imports in the form of LNG (for Algeria, mostly in the form of LNG).
The European Union has adopted a diversified supply strategy as a key priority so as to reduce its dependence on exporting countries.
However, Russia and Norway remain Europe's main suppliers of natural gas, representing 40% and 35%, respectively, of all imports.
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
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250,00
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199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
42
Supply Evolution of the sources of gas supplied to the EU-28 in 2014 vs 2013
Source : BP Statistical Review 2015
Description : This graph presents the evolution of the sources of natural gas exported to the EU-28 between 2014 and 2013 (main producing countries).
Analysis : Europe's policy on the diversification of supply led the EU-28 to seek new sources of natural gas. Imports to Europe has slightly decreased (-5%), moreover the drop in the imports from Qatar and Nigeria can be explained by the redirection of LNG to Asia. Imports via pipelines from Russia deceased following the Ukrainian dispute.
If Libya is coming back among the European supplier after a long politic crisis, Egypt totally disappeared.
Also note the fall in Norway's contribution due to lower natural gas reserves in the North Sea.
-23%
-13,3% -13,0% -11,3%
-2,2% -1,1%
15,4%
41%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
-14 TWh
-2 TWh - 47 TWh -161 TWh
- 5 TWh - 11,5 TWh
-8TWh +9TWh
No
rway
Nig
eri
a
Alg
éri
a
Qata
r
Ru
ssia
Lib
ya
Peru
Tri
nid
ad
&
T
ob
ag
o
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
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500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
43
ENTSOG (2015)
This graph presents ENTSOG's forecasts for European supply capacities of natural gas up until 2025. Supplies in the form of LNG do not take the country of origin into account.
The drop in European production (of approximately 25% between 2015 and 2025) and the forecasted increase in consumption should be compensated by an increase in supply capacities.
The share of LNG should grow progressively in Europe's supply strategy. To this end, Europe is relying on new LNG terminal projects. Similarly, investments in transmission infrastructures would allow for negotiations with new supplier countries such as Azerbaijan.
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Azerbaidjan
Libya
Turkmenistan
Algeria
LNG
Norway
Russia
EuropeanProduction
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
44
BP Statistical review 2015
Proven reserves are the quantities of known conventional natural gas (see the Glossary) deposits, which, according to geological data and current technological progress, have a high potential of becoming workable in the future under existing technical and economic conditions.
Conventional gas reserves are large, with estimates continuing to change as new exploration or extraction techniques are developed.
Resources are fairly well distributed throughout the world. Today, Russia, Qatar and Iran share close to 48% of proven reserves, with the Middle East having progressed the most over recent years.
A number of analysts believe that a major portion of conventional natural gas has still not been discovered. Proven global reserves have doubled in 20 years, now totalling 187,000 billion cubic meters.
0
50
100
150
200
198
0
198
2
198
4
198
6
198
8
199
0
199
2
199
4
199
6
199
8
200
0
200
2
200
4
200
6
200
8
201
0
201
2
201
4
Asia Pacific Africa
Middle East Europe & Eurasia
South America North America
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway
40
France has a number of sources of natural gas. Norway is the largest supplier, representing 43% of imports.
N.B. The “Other" category includes, among others, Qatar, Trinidad & Tobago, Libya and natural gas from the North Sea.
France has one of the most varied portfolios, which minimizes risks, in particular geopolitical conflicts.
The diversification of supply sources has favored LNG for the past few years, the LNG terminals having allowed for an increase in imported quantities. However, the share of LNG decreased in 2014 because of the growing demand in Asia. The share of Norwegian gas has increased significantly to offset the drop in imports from Russia, The Netherlands and Algeria.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
199019952000200520102014
Other
Egypt
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria(LNG)
Norway0
50
100
150
200
250
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Prove
nre
serv
esEs
tim
ated
reso
urc
es
Unconventional gas
Conventional gas
45
BP Statistical Review2015, AIE 2014
The Reserves-to-Production ratio (R/P) in years represents the availability of a non-renewable resource under current technical and economic conditions.
Estimated reserves cover unconventional natural gas deposits (see the Glossary), but also conventional natural gas deposits that cannot be worked today with existing technologies.
Unconventional gas represents more than half of estimated resources, in particular in the United States where the sector has allowed the country to reduce its energy dependency rate.
Also note the reserves in Asia Pacific, thought to be larger than the North American reserves.
The R/P ratio is approximately 55 years, taking proven resources into account only. With estimated resources, the total comes to 238 years.
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46
BP Statistical Review 2015
This graph illustrates the production of natural gas in thousands of billions of cubic meters (both conventional and unconventional).
Global production of natural gas has been rising constantly over the past 40 years. It tripled between 1970 and 2010.
In 2014, the largest worldwide producers were the United States with 21,5% of global production (including unconventional natural gas), Russia (17%), Qatar (5%), Iran (5%) and Canada (4%). If the US, Iran and Qatar‟s production is increasing, Russia and the Netherlands are declining (-4% and -18%). China is becoming a real production player with 3,9% of the world production (+8%).
Two thirds of global production takes place in 10 countries.
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
197
0
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197
8
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Asia PacificAfricaMiddle EastEurope - EurasiaSouth and Central AmericaNorth America
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47
Annual benchmark consumption indicated by the Transmission or Distribution System Operator.
The quantity of energy, expressed in MWh, contained in a given quantity of gas and determined on the basis of the Gross Calorific Value of the gas.
gas whose Gross Calorific Value falls between 9.5 and 10.5 kWh HCV/m3 (n) and the Wobbe index between 11.8 and 13.0 kWh HCV/m3 (n), i.e. 42.5 and 46,8 MJ/m3 (n).
A gas whose Gross Calorific Value falls between 10.7 and 12.8 kWh HCV/m3 (n) and the Wobbe index between 13.4 and 15.7 kWh HCV/m3 (n), i.e. 48.25 and 56.5 MJ/m3 (n).
Gas referred to as "conventional" migrated from the source rock to accumulate in an area where the rock is sufficiently porous and permeable, and covered by a watertight layer of rock that prevents the gas from continuing to migrate to the surface.
Unconventional gas is a natural gas that has been trapped in rock that is not very permeable and difficult to access. The extraction of this gas requires specific methods.
Unit in which the quantities of energy are expressed as defined in ISO 6976.
The price for transmission over the distribution network, as set by regulations. For information, there are three options that do not require a subscription (T1, T2 and T3) and two with subscriptions (T4 and TP, referred to as the "proximity price").
The point in a Distribution or Transmission Network at which the Transmission or Distribution System Operator delivers the gas to a customer. It bears the number allocated by the Transmission or Distribution System Operator.
A virtual point related to a Transmission System's Balancing Zone in which quantities of gas may be traded between suppliers who have entered into a transmission contract with the Transmission System Operator.
Point from which a Distribution System Operator transmits the gas pursuant to a Distribution Transmission Contract. Unless expressly stated otherwise, this refers to the upstream bridle of the Delivery Station between the Transmission Network and the Distribution Network.
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48
The quantity of heat in kWh produced by the full
combustion of one (1) Nm3 of Gas at 0 degrees Celsius and an absolute pressure of 1.01325 bars, with excess air at the same temperature and pressure as the gas, once the product of the combustion has been cooled to 0 degrees Celsius and the water provided by the combustion has been condensed to liquid state, the product of the combustion containing the same total mass of water vapour as the gas and air prior to combustion.
All works, facilities and systems operated by or under the responsibility of a Distribution System Operator based on which the Distribution System Operator provides the service that is the subject of the Distribution Contract.
All works, facilities and systems operated by or under the responsibility of a Transmission System Operator based on which the Transmission System Operator provides the service that is the subject of a Transmission Contract.
Summer period that corresponds to the following months: April, May, June, July, August, September, October; the Winter Period corresponds to the following months: November, December, January, February, March.
: all entry and exit points of a Transmission Network in which a supplier who has entered into a Transmission Contract with the Transmission System Operator must provide a balance as defined by the rules of the relevant Network‟s Operator.
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49
Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie” (environment and energy agency)
International Energy Agency
“Institut de Sondage du Bâtiment” (construction survey institute)
British Petroleum
Commission de Régulation de l'Energie” (French energy regulating commission)
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas
“Observatoire des Energies Renouvelables” (renewable energy observatory)
European Commission's statistical office
Natural gas transmission system operator in France
Gas Storage Europe
Groupe de Travail Gaz 2007” (2007 working group on gas)
International Gas Union
“Institut National de la Statistique et de Etudes Economiques” (national institute for statistics and economic studies)
French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing
“Société Chimique de France” (chemical society of France)
“Service de l'Observation et des Statistiques” (observation and statistics department)
“Syndicat Professionnel des Entreprises Gazières Non Nationalisées” (non-nationalised gas companies union)
Natural gas transmission system operator in France
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50
1 Kwh 1 0,0036 0,0341 0,0034 0,0949 0,00059 0,000086
1 GJ 277,8 1 9,48 0,948 26,35 0,1634 0,0239
1 Therm 29,3 0,10551 1 0,1 2,78 0,0172 0,0025
1 Million de BTU (MBTU)
293,1 1,06 10 1 27,81 0,1724 0,0252
1 m3 de gaz naturel 10,54 0,038 0,36 0,036 1 0,0062 0,0009
1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe)
1700,0 6,12 58,01 5,80 161,29 1 0,15
1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe)
11630 41,87 397 39,7 1103 6,8 1
51
GRTgaz builds, operates and develops France's high-pressure natural gas transmission network which covers most of the country. GRTgaz delivers the natural gas provided by its customers to consumption points directly connected to the transmission system: the public distribution networks to supply households, communities and companies, large industrial consumers and power stations that use the natural gas to produce electricity. With over 32,000 km of gas pipelines and 25 compressor stations, GRTgaz is constantly investing to transport natural gas under the best safety and fluidity conditions, and to improve security of supply by providing access to evermore diversified sources.
For more information:
Sia Partners is an independent management and operational strategy consulting firm. Present in twelve countries in Europe, Africa and the Middle-East, Sia Partners has 600 consultants and achieved turnover of €88 million in 2014.
In France, 40% of its portfolio of customers is composed of CAC40 and leading unlisted public corporations.
Its missions involve supporting transformation at all levels of a corporate enterprise: strategy, marketing, human resources and governance of information systems. Its services are broken down into five major sectors: Banks & Insurance, Energy & Environment, Telecommunications & Media, Transportation & Logistics, and Public Service.
For more information:
51
GRTgaz builds, operates and develops France's high-pressure natural gas transmission network which covers most of the country. GRTgaz delivers the natural gas provided by its customers to consumption points directly connected to the transmission system: the public distribution networks to supply households, communities and companies, large industrial consumers and power stations that use the natural gas to produce electricity. With over 32,000 km of gas pipelines and 25 compressor stations, GRTgaz is constantly investing to transport natural gas under the best safety and fluidity conditions, and to improve security of supply by providing access to evermore diversified sources.
For more information:
Sia Partners is an independent management and operational strategy consulting firm. Present in twelve countries in Europe, Africa and the Middle-East, Sia Partners has 600 consultants and achieved turnover of €88 million in 2014.
In France, 40% of its portfolio of customers is composed of CAC40 and leading unlisted public corporations.
Its missions involve supporting transformation at all levels of a corporate enterprise: strategy, marketing, human resources and governance of information systems. Its services are broken down into five major sectors: Banks & Insurance, Energy & Environment, Telecommunications & Media, Transportation & Logistics, and Public Service.
For more information:
49
Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie
Agence Internationale de l'Energie
Institut de Sondage du Bâtiment
British Petroleum
Commission de Régulation de l'Energie
Association des transporteurs de gaz européens
Observatoire des Energies Renouvelables
Service de statistiques de la Commission Européenne
Groupe énergétique français à dimension internationale
Gestionnaire du réseau de transport de gaz naturel en France
Groupement du Stockage Européen
Groupe de Travail Gaz 2007
Syndicat International du Gaz
Institut National de le Statistique et de Etudes Economiques
Ministère du Développement Durable
Société Chimique de France
Service de l'Observation et des Statistiques
Syndicat Professionnel des Entreprises Gazières Non Nationalisées
TOTAL Infrastructures Gaz France
créapix - september 2015
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