Accurate Vaporizing Gas-Drive Minimum Miscibility Pressure Prediction
Gas Mileage Prediction 1
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Transcript of Gas Mileage Prediction 1
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TRNG I HC CNG NGIP Tp. H CH MINHKHOA CNG NGH IN T
*********
TIU LUN
L Thuyt iu Khin Hin i
TI
Gas Mileage Prediction
GVHD : Trn Th H. Oanh
Lp hc phn: 210221301 - Khoa : Cng Ngh in T
Hc k: 3 -Nm hc: 2011 2012
Thc hin:
Nguyn nh Dng - MSSV: 09090421
Nguyn Tn Trung MSSV: 09068611
Nguyn V Bch - MSSV:09068811
Tp. H Ch Minh, Thng 6 nm 2012
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Danh sch nhm:
Nguyn nh Dng ............................................................................ MSSV: 09090421
Nguyn Tn Trung ................................................................................ MSSV: 09068611
Nguyn V Bch ................................................................................... MSSV:09068811
Mc Lc
1. Gii thiu chung ................................................................................................. 32. Phn vng d liu ............................................................................................... 43. La chn ng vo ............................................................................................... 54. Hun luyn ANFIS ........................................................................................... 125. ANFIS v m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh (Linear Regression) ............................ 146. Phn tch h thng ANFIS ................................................................................ 167. Hn chv lu ............................................................................................... 178. Run in the Command Window ......................................................................... 199. S lc v file gasdemo.m ............................................................................... 2010.File 'auto-gas.dat' .............................................................................................. 25
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1. Gii thiu chungGas Mileage Prediction trong Fuzzy Logic Toolbox ca phn mm MatLAB l mt m
hnh minh ha mc tiu hoa nhin liu ca cc loi xe trn c sda vo m hnh ANFIS
(Mng thch nghi da trn c ssuy lun m- Mt s kt hp gia mng noron v logic
m). Vic tin hnh kho st cng nh kim tra trong m hnh ny c tin hnh da
trn d liu c thu thp ttrc .
M hnh ny hay ni cch khc l d n ny s gip chng ta hiu r hn cc yu tnh
hng n mc tiu hao nhin liu ca mi xe bng vic tin hnh kho st vi cc dng
xe tiu biu. Nhng d liu ca qu trnh kho st ny c cung cp bi Phng Nghin
Cu My Mc trc thuc i Hc California ti Irvine.
Cc yu tu vo bao gm:
Dung tch xi-lanh. S xi-lanh. M lc. Gia tc xe. Khi lng.Nm ra i ca xe.
Ng ra l mc tiu hao nhin liu tnh bng qung ng i c trn lng nhin liu
tiu thu. n v l dm trn mi gallon(MPG). Lu rng mt gallon bng 3.78541178
lt, 1 dm bng 1.609 Km.
Cc thng s th hin c th trong bng sau:
Thuc tnh ng vo Ng ra
Tn xeS xi-
lanh
Dung
tch xi
lanh
M lcTrng
lngGia tc Nm MPG
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Chevrolet
Chevelle
Malibu
8 307 130 3504 12 70 18
PlymouthDuster
6 198 95 2833 15.5 70 22
Fiat 128 4 90 75 2108 15.5 74 24
Oldsmobile
Cutlass
Supreme
8 260 110 4060 19 77 17
Oldsmobile
Cutlass
Supreme
8 260 110 4060 19 77 17
Honda
Accord4 107 75 2205 14.5 82 36
Ford Ranger 4 120 79 2625 18.6 82 28
2.
Phn vng dliu
Nh cp t trc d liu ca qu trnh kho st c nghin cu t trc v
trong MatLAB chng c lu trong file auto-gas.dat trong folder ci t ca phn mm.
Ni dung ca file ny sc nh km trong ph lc. Trong file ny chng c chia
thnh 2 phn vng l d liu tin hnh kho st hun luyn v d liu kim tra.
tin hnh load d liu ln Workspace chng ta thc hin cc th tc sau:
[data, input_name] = loadgas;
trn_data = data(1:2:end, :);
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chk_data = data(2:2:end, :);
Nh vy d liu s c lu vo 2 phn vng l trn_data phc v chon vic kho st
hun luyn h thng ANFIS. Vng th 2 l chk_data l phn vng phc v cho vic kim
tra nhng kt qu hun luyn kho st.
3. La chn ng voVic tin hnh la chn s cc yu tu vo sc thc hin bi hm exhsrch. Hm
exhsrch thc hin mt tm kim y trong cc yu tu vo c sn la chn tp
hp cc yu tu vo m nh hng hu ht n tiu th nhin liu. Cc tham su
tin quy nh c th slng cc t hp u vo sc th trong khi tm kim. Vc
bn, exhsrch xy dng mt m hnh ANFIS cho tng s kt hp v hun luyn chng cho
mt giai on no v bo co hiu sut t c. Trong v dsau y, exhsrch c
s dng xc nh thuc tnh u vo c nh hng nht trong vic don lng tiu
th nhin liu.
Vic tin hnh hun luyn v kim tra sc tin hnh mt cch ng thi v s th
hin mt cch y trong th. Hnh trn l k hiu chra l kt qu qu trnh hun
luyn, cn hnh sao l kt qu ca qu trnh checkkim tra.
nh gi mc nh hng vi tng yu t ng vo:Thc hin hm exhsrch nh sau:
>> exhsrch(1, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
+ Trong ca s command windown ca matlab s nhn c phn hi nh sau:
Train 6 ANFIS models, each with 1 inputs selected from 6 candidates...
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ANFIS model 1: Cylinder --> trn=4.6400, chk=4.7255
ANFIS model 2: Disp --> trn=4.3106, chk=4.4316
ANFIS model 3: Power --> trn=4.5399, chk=4.1713
ANFIS model 4: Weight --> trn=4.2577, chk=4.0863
ANFIS model 5: Acceler --> trn=6.9789, chk=6.9317
ANFIS model 6: Year --> trn=6.2255, chk=6.1693
Tc MatLAB ni rng s c mt yu t ng vo tt nht c chn t 6 ng c vin.
+ Ngoi ca kt qu trn ca s Command Windown chng ta nhn c kt qu
t hnh sau: s thy r hn cng nh s dtng tng hn.
Lu l cc i lng c gii thch nh sau:
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RMS Errors c hiu l thang o mc li nh hng n lng tiu th nhin
liu.
Weight: l khi lng xe.
Disp: - ( vit tt ca Displacement ) tc l dung tch xi-lanh.
Power: (vit gn ca Horsepowe) tc l m lc ca xe.
Cylind: (Cylinders) s xi-lanh ca my.
Year: nm sn xut(model).
Acceler: Gia tc xe.
Nhn thy rng u vo bin bn tri trong hnh 1 c li t nht hoc ni cch khc l n
lin quan nht i vi u ra l tiu hao nhin liu.
Biu cho thy thuc tnh trng lng u vo c nh hng nht. Hun luyn v kim
tra cc li c th so snh, m ng rng c overfitting khng. C ngha l chng ta c th
y xa hn mt cht v tm hiu nu c th la chn nhiu hn mt thuc tnh u vo
xy dng cc m hnh ANFIS.
nh gi mc nh hng bng vic kt hp 2 yu t ng vo l mt:Mt cch trc quan, ta ch c th chn 'Khi lng' v 'dung tch xi-lanh mt cch trc
tip t lc n c li t nht nh trong biu . Tuy nhin, iu ny khng nht thit phi
l s kt hp ti u ca hai yu tu vo m kt qu trong cc li hun luyn ti thiu.
xc minh iu ny, chng ta c th s dng exhsrch tm kim s kt hp ti u ca
2 thuc tnh u vo.
Th tc vi MatLAB nh sau:
>> exhsrch(2, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
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Kt qu phn hi ca MatLAB nh sau:
Train 15 ANFIS models, each with 2 inputs selected from 6 candidates...
ANFIS model 1: Cylinder Disp --> trn=3.9320, chk=4.7920
ANFIS model 2: Cylinder Power --> trn=3.7364, chk=4.8683
ANFIS model 3: Cylinder Weight --> trn=3.8741, chk=4.6764
ANFIS model 4: Cylinder Acceler --> trn=4.3287, chk=5.9625
ANFIS model 5: Cylinder Year --> trn=3.7129, chk=4.5946
ANFIS model 6: Disp Power --> trn=3.8087, chk=3.8594
ANFIS model 7: Disp Weight --> trn=4.0271, chk=4.6349
ANFIS model 8: Disp Acceler --> trn=4.0782, chk=4.4890
ANFIS model 9: Disp Year --> trn=2.9565, chk=3.3905
ANFIS model 10: Power Weight --> trn=3.9310, chk=4.2974
ANFIS model 11: Power Acceler --> trn=4.2740, chk=3.8738
ANFIS model 12: Power Year --> trn=3.3796, chk=3.3505
ANFIS model 13: Weight Acceler --> trn=4.0875, chk=4.0095
ANFIS model 14: Weight Year --> trn=2.7657, chk=2.9954
ANFIS model 15: Acceler Year --> trn=5.6242, chk=5.6481
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Ngoi phn hi trn ta nhn c th sau:
Nh vy kt qu t hm trn cho ta bit rng khi lng v nm l kt hp ti u ca hai
thuc tnh u vo. Cc li o to v kim tra vic phn bit, cho thy s khi u ca
overfitting. N c thkhng c thn trng s dng nhiu hn hai yu tu vo
xy dng m hnh ANFIS. Chng ta c th kim tra tin xc minh gi tr ca n.
nh gi mc nh hng bng vic kt hp 3 yu t ng vo l mt:Vi vic kt hp 3 yu t ng vo lm mt ny chng ta s c 20 trng hp, lu l
vic nh gi vi 3 yu tu vo khng c ngha l s s dng v chn la. Vic chn
la s quyt nh sau ty thuc vo kt qu ca mi ln hun luyn.
Th tc tng t.
>> exhsrch(3, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
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Ta c kt qunh sau:
Train 20 ANFIS models, each with 3 inputs selected from 6 candidates...
ANFIS model 1: Cylinder Disp Power --> trn=3.4446, chk=11.5329
ANFIS model 2: Cylinder Disp Weight --> trn=3.6686, chk=4.8923
ANFIS model 3: Cylinder Disp Acceler --> trn=3.6610, chk=5.2384
ANFIS model 4: Cylinder Disp Year --> trn=2.5463, chk=4.9001
ANFIS model 5: Cylinder Power Weight --> trn=3.4797, chk=9.3761
ANFIS model 6: Cylinder Power Acceler --> trn=3.5432, chk=4.4804
ANFIS model 7: Cylinder Power Year --> trn=2.6300, chk=3.6300
ANFIS model 8: Cylinder Weight Acceler --> trn=3.5708, chk=4.8376
ANFIS model 9: Cylinder Weight Year --> trn=2.4951, chk=4.0434
ANFIS model 10: Cylinder Acceler Year --> trn=3.2698, chk=6.2616
ANFIS model 11: Disp Power Weight --> trn=3.5879, chk=7.4916
ANFIS model 12: Disp Power Acceler --> trn=3.5395, chk=3.9953
ANFIS model 13: Disp Power Year --> trn=2.4607, chk=3.3563
ANFIS model 14: Disp Weight Acceler --> trn=3.6075, chk=4.2318
ANFIS model 15: Disp Weight Year --> trn=2.5617, chk=3.7860
ANFIS model 16: Disp Acceler Year --> trn=2.4149, chk=3.2480
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ANFIS model 17: Power Weight Acceler --> trn=3.7884, chk=4.0479
ANFIS model 18: Power Weight Year --> trn=2.4371, chk=3.2848
ANFIS model 19: Power Acceler Year --> trn=2.7276, chk=3.2580
ANFIS model 20: Weight Acceler Year --> trn=2.3603, chk=2.9152
V th:
Nhn thy nu kt hp 3 yu tu vo th khi lng, gia tc v nm l yu t c nh
hng n mc tiu hao nhin liu nht.
Tuy nhin, hun luyn ti thiu v kim tra li khng gim ng k t m hnh 2 - u
vo tt nht, m ch ra rng, thuc tnh gia tc mi c thm vo khng ci thin nhiu
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s dbo. khi qut tt hn, chng ta lun lun mun c mt m hnh vi mt cu
trc n gin. V vy, chng ta s bm vo m hnh 2 ng vo ANFIS tip tc tm
hiu.
Chng ta cn tin hnh lu kt qu ln 2 vo workspace th tc nh sau:
>> input_index = exhsrch(2, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
Nh vy phn vng input_index s l phn vng cha d liu ca qu trnh kho st
hun luyn 2 ng vo.
Sau ta gii nn cc thuc tnh u vo c la chn t vic o to ban u v tp
hp d liu kim tra.
>> close all;
>> new_trn_data = trn_data(:, [input_index, size(trn_data,2)]);
>> new_chk_data = chk_data(:, [input_index, size(chk_data,2)]);
4. Hun luyn ANFIS
Hm exhsrch ch dnh cho vic kha st h ANFIS c mt cng on duy nht vi mc
ch l nhanh chng tm ra ng vo ti u nht.Nhng by gi th d liu ng vo c hiu chnh, chng ta phi thc hin qu trnh hun luyn ln n 100 cng on.
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Hm genfis1 gip to mt hFIS ban u t d liu kho st, ci m chng ta tm
c t vic, ci m chng ta s tm v hiu chnh chng c c m hnh ANFIS
cui cng.
Thc hin trong ca sCommand Windown nh sau:
in_fismat = genfis1(new_trn_data, 2, 'gbellmf');
[trn_out_fismat trn_error step_size chk_out_fismat chk_error] = ...
anfis(new_trn_data, in_fismat, [100 nan 0.01 0.5 1.5], [0,0,0,0], new_chk_data, 1);
ANFIS s tr v cho chng ta cc sai lch trong qu trnh kho st v kim tra cc tham
su ra ca h. t tuyn sai lnh s cung cp cho chng ta nhiu thng tin ca qu
trnh kho st.
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Nhn thy rng th trn cho thy cc ng cong li cho 100 chu k hun luyn ca
ANFIS. Cc ng cong mu xanh l cy cung cp cho vic ci to li v cc ng
cong mu cung cp cho vic kim tra li. Kim tra li ti thiu xy ra mc thi gian
45, c chnh bi mt vng trn. Ch rng ng cong kim tra li i ln sau mc
50, ch ra rng overfits ci to thm cc v a ra cc d liu qut hn.
5. ANFIS v m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh (Linear Regression)Mt bi kim tra tt vo thi im ny s kim tra c hiu sut ca m hnh ANFIS
vi mt m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh.
Cc don ANFIS c thc so snh vi mt m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh bng cch
so snh gi tr RMSE ca n (gc: l hnh vung) so vi kim tra d liu.
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% Thc hin hi quy tuyn tnh
N = size(trn_data,1);
A = [trn_data(:,1:6) ones(N,1)];
B = trn_data(:,7);
coef = A\B; % Gii quyt cho cc thng s hi quy t cc d liu ci to
Nc = size(chk_data,1);
A_ck = [chk_data(:,1:6) ones(Nc,1)];
B_ck = chk_data(:,7);
lr_rmse = norm(A_ck*coef-B_ck)/sqrt(Nc);
% In kt qu
fprintf('\nRMSE against checking data\nANFIS : %1.3f\tLinear Regression : %1.3f\n', a,
lr_rmse);
RMSE : Chng li kim tra d liu
ANFIS: 2,978 Hi quy tuyn tnh: 3,444
C th thy rng m hnh ANFIS nhanh hn so vi m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh.
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6. Phn tch h thng ANFISChk_out_fismat l bin i din cho nh chp ca m hnh ANFIS kim tra li trong qu
trnh ci to ti thiu. B mt u vo-u ra ca m hnh c th hin trong thdi
y:
>> chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'input', 1, 'name', 'Weight');
>> chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'input', 2, 'name', 'Year');
>> chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'output', 1, 'name', 'MPG');
% To th ng ra FIS
>> gensurf(chk_out_fismat)
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B mt u vo - u ra trn l mt b mt phi tuyn v n iu v minh ha cho
chng ta thy m hnh ANFIS, v s nhng thay i ca ng ra so vi sthay i gi tr
ca 'Weight v 'Year'
7. Hn chv lu
Chng ta c th thy mt s b hng gc xa ca b mt. Gc cao ni rng cc xe t
nng hn, s dn nhin liu hiu quhn. iu ny l hon ton phn trc quan, v n l
mt kt qu trc tip do thiu d liu.
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chng minh c s thiu ca d liu trong qu trnh hun luyn chng ta s v th
phn b ca 2 yu t ng vo l khi lng v nm sn xut. Hay ni cch khc l mi
im trn th l mt loi xe c thng s khi lng v nm sn xut nm trn trc
honh v tung tng ng.
Th tc trn MatLAB nh sau:
plot(new_trn_data(:,1), new_trn_data(:, 2), 'bo', ...
new_chk_data(:,1), new_chk_data(:, 2), 'rx');
xlabel('Weight');
ylabel('Year');
title('Training (o) and checking (x) data');
T d liu cho trc MatLAB v ra s phn b ca 2 yu tu vo nh sau:
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R rng ta thy d liu phn b rt khng u, vng pha trn gc phi thiu rt nhiu d
liu, c thy cng l do thc t v xu th nhng chic xe c sn xut vo u nhng
nm 80, khi lng gim ng k.
8. Run in the Command Window
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L nt lnh nm trn gc phi mn hnh Gas Mileage Prediction demo h trcho bn
cng c thc hin d n bng cch thc hin tng bc (step) bn ch cn kch vo next
l tt ccc bc sc thc hin bn khng cn thit phi nhp tng lch mt.
9. S lc v file gasdemo.m
Nh bit, MatLAB l mt cng c khng ch h trcho ngi dng thc hin cc thao
tc trn ca s lch Command Windown m cn h trngi dng thc hin cc thao tc
lp trnh trn mt trnh Editor. Trnh Editor trong matlab ny c gi chung l trnh bintp M-file. Trong M-flie ngi dng c th vit tt c cc lnh m h c th thc hin sau
mi chy chng. M-file c ti u ha nhm mc ch trgip ngi dng thc hin
cc cng c lp trnh giao din GUI. V ng thi chng khng n thun l mt lch
na m c nng ln tm mt d n c thlu li di mt file .m.
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Vi Gas Mileage Prediction MatLAB cung cp cho chng ta file gasdemo.m ghi chp li
tt c cc lnh trong qu trnh thc hin kho st hun luyn.
chy tt c cc lnh ny trn trnh Editor ta ch cn nt Run hay n thun l nhn F5
th tt c qu trnh kho st hun luyn kim tra sc thc hin. ng thi trn ca s
lnh Command Windown s xut hin cc kt qunh qu trnh thc hin tng lnh.
Ni dung trong file gasdemo.m nh sau: ( c nhm rt ngn ch thch v vit ha):
%% Gas Mileage Prediction
% Xy dng m hnh dbo nh mc tiu hao nhin liu
%
%
% Bn quyn thuc The MathWorks, Inc. 1994-2006
% Phin bn : 1.9.2.5 $ $Date: 2006/09/30 00:18:32 $
%% C sd liu c cung cp bi i hc California
% tham kho thm ti http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html. It
% D liu vo ra thit lp nh sau:,
% Gm 6 ng vo l no. of cylinders, displacement , horsepower, weight, acceleration,
and model year.
%Ng ra l nh mc tiu hoa nhin liu
%% C sd liu c lu trong : 'auto-gas.dat'
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%% Tin hnh load d liu
[data, input_name] = loadgas;
trn_data = data(1:2:end, :);
chk_data = data(2:2:end, :);
%% Thc hin chn ng vo ti u
%% nh gi vi mt ng vo
exhsrch(1, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
%% Vi 2 Ng vo
exhsrch(2, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
%% Vi 3 yu t ng vo.
exhsrch(3, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
%% Do kt qu thu73c nghim ln 2 l ti u v trc quan nht nn ln 2 sc chn:
input_index = exhsrch(2, trn_data, chk_data, input_name);
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%% ng cc ca s th v chuyn qua bc hun luyn
close all;
new_trn_data = trn_data(:, [input_index, size(trn_data,2)]);
new_chk_data = chk_data(:, [input_index, size(chk_data,2)]);
%% Training the ANFIS Model
%% tin hnh hun luyn vi th tc nh sau: bao gm 100 cng on
in_fismat = genfis1(new_trn_data, 2, 'gbellmf');
[trn_out_fismat trn_error step_size chk_out_fismat chk_error] = ...
anfis(new_trn_data, in_fismat, [100 nan 0.01 0.5 1.5], [0,0,0,0], new_chk_data, 1);
%% Thc hin vth nh gi
[a, b] = min(chk_error);
plot(1:100, trn_error, 'g-', 1:100, chk_error, 'r-', b, a, 'ko');
title('Training (green) and checking (red) error curve');
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xlabel('Epoch numbers');
ylabel('RMS errors');
%% so snh vi h hi quy tuyn tnh
N = size(trn_data,1);
A = [trn_data(:,1:6) ones(N,1)];
B = trn_data(:,7);
coef = A\B; % Solving for regression parameters from training data
Nc = size(chk_data,1);
A_ck = [chk_data(:,1:6) ones(Nc,1)];
B_ck = chk_data(:,7);
lr_rmse = norm(A_ck*coef-B_ck)/sqrt(Nc);
% in ra kt qu
fprintf('\nRMSE against checking data\nANFIS : %1.3f\tLinear Regression : %1.3f\n', a,
lr_rmse);
%% Phn tch h thng ANFIS
chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'input', 1, 'name', 'Weight');
chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'input', 2, 'name', 'Year');
chk_out_fismat = setfis(chk_out_fismat, 'output', 1, 'name', 'MPG');
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%% V th FIS
gensurf(chk_out_fismat);
%% V biu phn b ca c sd liu.
plot(new_trn_data(:,1), new_trn_data(:, 2), 'bo', ...
new_chk_data(:,1), new_chk_data(:, 2), 'rx');
xlabel('Weight');
ylabel('Year');
title('Training (o) and checking (x) data');
10.File 'auto-gas.dat'L file cha d liu cn thit cho qu trnh hun luyn d liu. File ny c cung cp
bi i Hc California. nh dang file l .dat tuy nhin bn vn c th xem v chnh sa
di trnh notepad. iu ny c th thc hin khi bn tin hnh mt d n tng t. V
khi bn khng mt qu nhiu thi gian cho vic phi xy dng li tu thay v bn
ch cn sa s liu.
Cch thc thit lp ca file trn trnh notepad nh sau:
Mi loi xe bn vit di nh dang nh sau:
18.0 8 307.0 130.0 3504. 12.0 70 1 "chevrolet chevelle malibu"
-
7/31/2019 Gas Mileage Prediction 1
26/26
Trong thc t ca s liu l: Ng ra s xi lanhdung tch xilanh m lckhi
lnggia tcnm 1Thng hiu.