Gas Lift Data

7/24/2019 Gas Lift Data

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Gas Lift Workshop 1

Computer API Gas-Lift Design Course

Using Excel SpreadSheets

API RP 11V6:Recommended Practice for Design of

Continuous Flow Gas Lift Installations ----Using Injection Pressure Operated Valves

By Joe Dunn Clegg


2/37

Gas Lift Workshop 2

Gas Lift Design ProgramsPETROLEUMTOOLBOX

Primary Programs AGL-DSN

AGL-GRAD

AGL-TEMP

AGL-SPACe

AGL-SET AGL-FLD

Secondary Programs COMPRESSOR

CT-TEMP

Vogel_IPR

Fet_IPR

Perm.Avg. Perm.Series


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Gas Lift Workshop 3

ADVANTAGES

Simple & Accurate Design No Black Box (all formulas accessible)

Economical ($495) Easy Printout of Data

Convenient to Alter Data For Both Injection Pressure and

Production Pressure Operated Valves


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Gas Lift Workshop 4

Best Suited For 2-3/8, 2-7/8 & 3.5 OD Tubing

Moderate Rates

API Design Procedures


5/37

Gas Lift Workshop 5

15-Nov-97 VOGEL OIL IPR: WITH SKIN CORRECTION

WELL NAME: API Problem No. 1 v:Vogel Factor (Opt) 0.2 ---

PS:STATIC RES. PRESSURE 2,125 PSIA S:SKIN 0.00 'BASE

PB:BUBBLE POINT PRESSUR 2,125 PSIA Re:EXTERNAL 660.0 feetPF:FLOWING BH PRESSURE 1,941 PSIA Rw:WELLBORE 0.35 feet

QF:PRODUCTION RATE 200.0 BPD

PRESSURE NO SKIN BASE W/SKIN IPR_VOG

2125.0 PSIA 0 BPD 0 BPD VERSION 5.12125.0 PSIA 0.0 BPD 0.0 BPD (C) COPYRIGHT

1912.5 PSIA 229.5 BPD 229.5 BPD 1997.0

1700.0 PSIA 437.7 BPD 437.7 BPD Clegg & Boone

1487.5 PSIA 624.6 BPD 624.6 BPD ALL RIGHTS

1275.0 PSIA 790.1 BPD 790.1 BPD RESERVED1062.5 PSIA 934.2 BPD 934.2 BPD

850.0 PSIA 1057.0 BPD 1057.0 BPD

637.5 PSIA 1158.4 BPD 1158.4 BPD

425.0 PSIA 1238.5 BPD 1238.5 BPD

212.5 PSIA 1297.2 BPD 1297.2 BPD

0.0 PSIA 1334.6 BPD 1334.6 BPD

INPUT ANY NEW PWF 1200.0 PSIA new Qf= 843.4 BPD PI @ Qf= 0.91

Ql/Qmax = 1.0 - v*(Pwf/Pr) - (1-v)*(Pwf/Pr)^2


6/37Gas Lift Workshop 6

IPR_VOG: VOGEL OIL W ELL IPR

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 500 1000 1500 2000

PRODUCTION RATE (BPD) OR (M^3/D)

PW

F;FLOW

INGP

RE

SSURE

(PSIA)O

R(

kPa)

NO SKIN WITH SKIN

API Problem # 1



Outflow: Multiphase Vertical Flow

Empirical Models

Gilbert (CA oil wells)-developed 1940 to1950 but published in 1954

Poettmann & Carpenter (no slip) -1952

Baxendell & Thomas (high rate extension of P&C)-1961

Duns & Ros (lab data)-1961

Ros & Gray (improved D&R)-1964

Hagedorn & Brown (most used--slip?)-1964

Orkiszewski (Exxon composite)-1967

Beggs & Brill (incline flow)--1973

MMSM ( Moreland-Mobil-Shell-Method)-1976

Mechanistic Models $

Aziz, Grover & Fogarasi-1972

OLGA Norwegian- 1986

Ansari. Et al. 1990

Choksi, Schmidt & Doty-1996 Brill, et al

Shell : Zabaras-1990Others



.

0 1 2 3 4 5

1

2

3

4

5

Thousands

Thous

ands

RATE(BFPD)

Pwf:BHFlo

wingTub

ingPress

ure(PSIG)

1.995"

2.441"

2.992"

3.467"

3.958"

TUBINGPERFORMANCE (OUTFLOW) CURVESFOR10,000 FT WELL W/ 1000 GLR& 50%CUT

Typical Tubing Outflow Curves

Rate in 1000 BFPD

PwfPwf

in1000psi



PrPwf

o

E.C.

Upper Gradient Curves (Trace)

Lower Gradient Curves(0.42 psi/ft above BP)

200



Depth

(ft)

Pressure (psig)

14001000600

x400 bpdx500 bpd

x600 bpd

x700 bpd

Gas Injection Pressures

Equilibrium Curve

Benefit from Higher Gas Injection Pressure

0

.

Dw

x 200 bpd



Problem: API RP 11V6 Exp. No. 1

Q=Production-maxDw=Depth--8000

Pws=BHP 2125 psig

Test: 200 BFPDw/ Pwf = 1941 psig

RGO=GOR--700Water Cut --50 %

Oil Gravity 35 API

Water SG 1.07

Gas Gravity--.65

PD = 25 psi **Min Spacing = 250

Csg Size -- 7 OD

Tbg Size--2.875OD

Pwh = 100 psig

Pg=Inj gas--1200 psigQi=Inj --



15-Nov-97 GAS LIFT DESIGN PROGRAM

-----------INPUT DATA---

WELL NAME: API Example No. 1

1 Pwh: WELLHEAD 100 psi AGL_DSN VERSION 5.02 Pg:INJ GAS PRES 1200 psi (C) COPYRIGHT 1992-96

3 SGi: SG .of Ig 0.650 air=1 BY DOUGLAS M. BOONE

4 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF 78 'F AND JOE DUNN CLEGG

5 Tf:TEMP OF FORM 178 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Dw: DEPTH: TVD 8000 ft

7 Tbg: TUBING ID 2.441 in --CALCULATIONS--

8 Pr:FORM PRES 2125 psi GAS Wt. 0.033 psi/ft9 Pb:BUBBLE POINT 2125 psi INJ PRESS @ TD 1464 psi

10 Pwf: FLOW BHP 1941 psi Qmax:MAX RATE 1335 bfpd

11 Ql: TOTAL FLOW 200 bfpd CHECKS--

12 Gfb: LOW GRAD 0.40 psi/ft Pr: ok13 Gff:UPPER GRAD ADJ 1.00 Pb: ok

14 START: INITIAL 400 bfpd Pwf: ok

15 INC:INCREASE RATE 50 bfpd

16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M (OILFIELD = E; METRIC = M)

8



API Example No. 1 LIFT

FLUID INJ. TBG CSG DEPTH

RATE Pwf LEVEL GFA DEPTH PRES. Pgd OK

bfpd psi ft psi/ft ft psi psi

---------- -------- ------- ------ ------- -------- -------- ---

0 0 0 0.080 0 100 1200

1 400 1740 3650 0.106 5305 662 1375 OK2 450 1687 3783 0.109 5549 706 1383 OK

3 500 1632 3920 0.113 5802 753 1392 OK

4 550 1575 4062 0.116 6068 802 1401 OK

5 600 1517 4208 0.119 6346 855 1410 OK6 650 1457 4359 0.122 6637 911 1419 OK

7 700 1394 4515 0.126 6943 971 1429 OK

8 750 1329 4677 0.129 7266 1036 1440 OK

9 800 1261 4847 0.132 7607 1104 1451 OK10 850 1190 5024 0.135 7968 1178 1463 OK

8000 1464

PRESS [Ctrl"][C] TO VIEW EQUILIBRIUM CURVE CHART

Alter by changing Gff


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Gas Lift Workshop 14

AGL_DSN: EQUILIBRIUM PROGRAM

0

500

1000

1500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

DEPTH (ft) or (meters)

PR

ESSURE(psi)

or(ba

r)

NEEDED INJ PRESSURE GAS INJ PRESSURE INJ GAS-SF

400 BFPD

850 BFPD


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***GRADIENT CURVE FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW*** 15-Nov-97

***TYPICAL GRADIENTS FOR 50 % CUT WELLS***

WELL NAME: API Example No. 1

--INPUT DATA--- 1 Ql:TOTAL PROD RA 800.0 bfpd 800 Increments of 100 bfpd

100 to 1000 bfpd & 1500 & 2000

2 TBG: TBG ID 2.441 in OK STANDARD API SIZES

For 1.995,2.441,& 2.992 inches

3 CUT:Water cut ratio 0.50 b/b OK

(BASE CASE 0.50,OK IF CUT >0.35)

4 Pwh:Wellhead pres 100.0 psi OK RANGE 25 TO 499 PSIBase case for 100 psig


Base on Modified Ros-Duns Correlation's


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AGL_GRAD: GAS LIFT GRADIENT CURVES

0500

1000

15002000250030003500

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 1000

0


PRESSURE

(psi)or(ba

r)

GLR=250(44.5) 500(89) 750(134)

1000(178) 1250(223) 1500(267)

GLR = 0


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.

0 1 2 3 4 5

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Thousands

Total Gas (Formation+Injection) in MCFD

Pt:Tub

ingPress

ure@

500

0ftinPSIG

Gas Lift Performance

For 2.992"Tbg & 2000 BPD

Excessive Gas

Opti-

mumGas

@ 5000

Max Rate

Excessive Gas

Insufficient

Gas

MMCFD

660


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Choke Chart660


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15-Nov-97 **PREDICTING TEMPERATURE PROFILES** (C) COPYRIGHT 92 &

WELL NAME: API Example No. 1 VERSION 5.0

--INPUT DATA--- --CALCULATIONS-- 1 Pwh: Wellhead Pressure 100.0 psi Tg:TEMP GRAD 1.250 'F/100'

2 Ts:Surface Temp 78.0 'F Cpl:SPEC. HEAT 0.743 BTU/lbm

3 Tf:Temp of Formation 178.0 'F f:DIM.TIME 2.306 't

4 Qo:Oil Rate 425.0 bopd SGo: OIL wt. 0.850 sp.gr.5 Qw:Water Rate 425.0 bwpd Wt1:MASS FLOW 3.48 lbm/sec

6 Qg:Form. Gas Rate 298.0 mcfd Wt2:MASS FLOW 3.78 lbm/sec

7 API: Oil Weight 35.000 'API U1:HEAT t.c. 111.67

8 SGw: SG. Water 1.070 sp.gr. U2:HEAT t.c. 6.30

9 SGg: SG Gas (Air = 1) 0.650 air=1 A1: COEF. 1.80E-04

10 TBG: Tubing OD 2.875 in A2: COEf. 9.53E-06

11 CSG: Casing OD 7.000 in SGM1:CORRECTION -0.003

12 Dw: Total Well Depth 8,000 ft SGM2:CORRECTION -0.004

13 Di: Depth of Gas Inj. 7,950 ft Flowing Twh = 131 'F

14 Qi:Gas Lift Inj. Rate 527 mcfd


Based on paper by Sagar, Doty & Schmidt


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AGL_TEMP: FLOWING TEMPERATURE PROFILE

0

50

100

150

200

250300

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000


TEMPERA

TURE

('F)of('C)

STATIC TEMP FLOW TEMP

131 F


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SGi

Tgs Twh

InjectionPressureValve

Worksheet

Psep

100

25

15 Nov 97 ***GAS LIFT SPACING DESIGN***


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15-Nov-97 GAS LIFT SPACING DESIGN

WELL NAME: API EXAMPLE No. 1

--INPUT DATA---

1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_SPAC VERSION 5.02 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES 100 psi (C) Copyright 1995

3 Pg:INJ. GAS PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE

4 Gs: FLUID GRAD. 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG

5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF. 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED6 Twh: FLOW TEMP WEL 131 'F

7 Tf:TEMP FORM. 178 'F

8 SGi: INJ GAS (AIR=1) 0.650

9 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 544 psi

11 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft

12 PI2; LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi Pgd:MAX Ig PRES 1464 psi

13 Dw: MAX TVD 8000 ft Gg:INJ GAS GRAD 0.033 psi/ft14 Dmin:MIN SPACE 250 ft

15 PD: PRESSURE DROP 25 psi



23/37


API EXAMPLE No. 1 Ppd(n) Pul(n) Pgd(n)

TBG PRE UNLOAD MAX CSG

***VALVE/MANDREL DEPTH*** psi psi psi------------------------- ------- ---------- --------- -------

SURFACE 0 100 1200 1200

DEPTH VALVE # 1 2497 ft 350 1261 1282

DEPTH VALVE # 2 4548 ft 623 1304 1350DEPTH VALVE # 3 6066 ft 865 1329 1400

DEPTH VALVE # 4 7083 ft 1045 1337 1434

DEPTH VALVE # 5 7702 ft 1162 1333 1454

DEPTH VALVE # 6 8000 ft 1221 1301 1464DEPTH VALVE # 7 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/A

DEPTH VALVE # 8 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/A


DEPTH VALVE # 10 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/ADEPTH VALVE # 11 #N/A ft 1221 #N/A #N/A


TVD: MAX VALVE DEPT 8000 ft 1221 1464


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AGL_SPAC: GAS LIFT SPACING

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


P

RESSURE(p

si)or(bar)

GAS INJ TBG SPACING

F 3/16 i h t


25/37


WELL NAME: Example Pvcd(n)D(n) Ppd(n) Pio(n) Piod(n) Tv CT Pvo(n) Qgi Pvc(n) V close

NO. DEPTH TBG PRES SURF V open @ VALVE TEMP T-R INJ GAS Surf close @ depth

ft psi psi psi 'F - psi mscfd psi psi

(INPUT) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- -------

0 100 1200 1200 131 - -

1 2497 350 1200 1279 146 0.836 1100 896 1109 1192

2 4548 623 1175 1318 158 0.817 1130 915 1103 1253

3 6066 865 1150 1339 167 0.803 1148 903 1094 1295

4 7083 1045 1125 1343 173 0.794 1153 798 1081 1315

5 7702 1162 1100 1333 176 0.789 1147 642 1062 1317

6 8000 1221 1075 1312 178 0.787 1132 483 1039 1303

7 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A




11 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A12 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

Dw 8000 1221.0 0.0 #N/A 178 0.000 0

X

X Install 1/4 screened orifice @ 7950

API Example No. 1 AGL_SET PROGRAM

For 3/16 inch port


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AGL_SET:INJECTION PRESSURE VALVE DESIGN

Example

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

DEPTH (ft) of (meters)

PRES

SURE(psi)or(bar)

INJ GAS TBG Temp VALVE SPACING


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28/37


How about a production pressure

design for same well?

Pseudo surface Pressure =

100+.2(1200-100) = 320 psi

D2 = 8000 & P2 = 1221 psi as before

D1=4000 & P1 = 760 psi (straight line)

Use program AGL_SPACe

No valve pressure drop. PD = 0 psi


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Psep

SGi

Twh

Worksheet

15-Nov-97 ***GAS LIFT SPACING DESIGN***


30/37


WELL NAME: API EXAMPLE No. 1 (Production Pressure Valves)

--INPUT DATA---

1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_SPAC VERSION 5.0

2 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES 320 psi (C) Copyright 19953 Pg:INJ. GAS PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE

4 Gs: FLUID GRAD. 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG

5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF. 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

6 Twh: FLOW TEMP WEL 131 'F7 Tf:TEMP FORM. 178 'F

8 SGi: INJ GAS (AIR=1) 0.650

9 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft

10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 760 psi11 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft

12 PI2; LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi Pgd:MAX Ig PRES 1464 psi

13 Dw: MAX TVD 8000 ft Gg:INJ GAS GRAD 0.033 psi/ft

14 Dmin:MIN SPACE 250 ft

15 PD: PRESSURE DROP 0 psi


x*

x

x

* Some designers drop the Ing. Gas pressure 100 psi


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AP I E X AM PL E N o . 1 (P ro d u ctio n P ressu re P pd (n ) P ul(n ) P gd (n )

T B G P R E U N L OAD M AX C S G

***V AL V E /M AN D R E L D E P T H *** p s i p s i p s i------------------------- ------- ---------- --------- -------

S U R F AC E 0 320 1200 1200

D E P T H V AL V E # 1 2497 ft 592 1261 1282

D E P T H V AL V E # 2 4045 ft 765 1312 1334

D E P T H V AL V E # 3 5311 ft 909 1354 1376D E P T H V AL V E # 4 6342 ft 1027 1388 1410

D E P T H V AL V E # 5 7176 ft 1124 1416 1437

D E P T H V AL V E # 6 7851 ft 1203 1438 1459

D E P T H V AL V E # 7 8000 ft 1221 1273 1464

D E P T H V AL V E # 8 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /A




D E P T H V AL V E # 12 #N /A ft 1221 #N /A #N /AT V D : M AX V AL V E D E P T 8000 ft 1221 1464

Note: One additional valve required


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AGL_SPAC: GAS LIFT SPACING

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000


P

RESSURE(p

si)or(bar)

GAS INJ TBG SPACING


33/37


15-Nov-97 --PROGRAM TO SET SPRING LOADED FLUID VALVES--

WELL NAME: Variable Gradient Design for Fluid Valves

--INPUT DATA---1 Psep: MIN SURF PRES. 100 psi AGL_FLD VERSION 5.0

2 Pwh: WELLHEAD PRES. 320 psi (C) COPYRIGHT 1992 & 96

3 Pg:DESIGN INJ. PRES. 1200 psi BY DOUGLAS M BOONE

4 Gs:FLUID GRADIENT 0.465 psi/ft AND JOE DUNN CLEGG5 Tgs:Ig TEMP @ SURF 78 'F ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

6 Twh:FLOW TEMP 131 'F

7 Tf:TEMP OF FORM 178 'F

8 SGi: SG. INJ GAS 0.650 air=19 DI1: LIFT DEPTH 1 4000 ft --CALCULATIONS--

10 PI1: LIFT PRES 1 660 psi INJ GAS @ TD 1464

11 DI2: LIFT DEPTH 2 8000 ft 0.104 GL VALVE PPEF RA

12 PI2: LIFT PRES 2 1221 psi 0.0330 GAS WT. psi/ft13 Dw: MAX VALVE TVD 8000 ft

14 PORT/CHOKE: (1/64) 12 in

15 Av/Ab:VALVE P/B RATIO 0.094 mfg Press [Ctrl][a] for valve data

16 UNIT SELECTION E E or M


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Variable Gradient Design for Fluid Valves

D(n) Ppd(n) Pgd(n) Piod @ Tv Qgi Pvo(n)

DEPTH TBG PRES PRES DEPTH @ VALVE INJ GAS TRO

ft psi psi psi 'F MSCFD psi------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

0 0 320 1200 1300 131

1 2497 601 1282 1382 146 969 745

2 4045 776 1334 1434 155 997 9243 5311 918 1376 1476 162 1008 1071

4 6342 1034 1410 1510 168 993 1191

5 7176 1128 1437 1537 173 965 1288

6 7851 1204 1459 1559 177 931 1366

7 8000 1221 1464 1564 178 923 1383

8 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

9 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

10 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

11 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A12 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A

Dw 8000 1464.4 178

X

X 12/64 Screened Orifice @ 7950


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16-Nov-97 ARTIFICIAL LIFT SELECTION # BEFORE TAX COPYRIGHT(C) 1992-9 vERSION 5.

CONSTANT MAX LIFT RATE CLEGG & BOONE: ALL RIGHTS RESNAME: API Example DISCOUNT RATE 10.00 %

INSTALLATION $500,000 $ OIL PRICE INC/YR 1.00 %

MAX LIFT RATE 850 bpd INFLATION 3.00 %

INITIAL GAS GOR 700 ft 3/b LIFT EFF 25.00 %INITIAL H2O CUT 50.00 % LIFT DEPTH 8000 ft

END OIL RATE 20.0 bopd ENERGY COST 0.00 $/k-W-hr

END GAS GOR 700 ft 3/b --CALCULATIONS--

FLAT LIFE 0.00 yrs INITIAL OIL RATE 425 bbl

EFF DECLINE RATE 13.70 %/yr a:NOMINAL DECLINE 14.73 %/YR

OIL VALUE $20.00 $/bbl Qf:RESERVES FLAT 0 bbl

GAS VALUE $3.00 $/mcf Qec: RESERVES DEC 1,003,288 bbl

ROYALTY 25.00 % Qt:TOTAL RESERVES 1,003,288 bbl

DIR.OP (FIXED) $500.00 $/mo Td: TIME DECLINE 20.7 YRS

DIR OP(PER BFPD) $0.20 $/bbl Tt:TIME TOTAL 20.7 YRS

PULL & REPAIR $200 $/mo MAX PVP INCOME $9,691,467

(C) Copyright


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ARTIFICIAL LIFT FULL CYCLE ANALYSIS

TYPICAL HIGH RATE EXAMPLE

($2,000,000)

$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000$6,000,000

$8,000,000$10,000,000

0 5 10 15 20 25

LIFE (YRS)

CUMU

LATIVEPVP

IN

COME

($)


37/37

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Gas Lift Data

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