Gas chromatography mass spectrum and Fourier transform ...
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WSN 49(2) (2016) 381-404 EISSN 2392-2192
Gas chromatography mass spectrum and Fourier
transform - infrared spectroscopy analysis of methanolic extract of Cressa cretica L. leaves
Aseel Muhammed Omran, Nidaa Adnan Abu-seraj, Ibtihal Muiz Al Husaini
Department of Biology, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq
E-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Aims of this study were to investigation the presence of phytochemical compounds in the
methanolic extract of Cressa cretica L. leaves by using GC-MS method and report the functional
groups by using FT-IR spectroscopy. The identification of phytochemical compounds based on the
peak area, retention time, molecular weight, molecular formula, MS fragment ions. Thirty four
phytochemical compounds were identification in the methanolic extract of Cressa cretica leaves. The
GC-MS analysis provide the existence of 5-Methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazine-2-thione, Lactose,
3-Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate, Sarreroside, Pterin-6-carboxylic acid, Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl
ester, d-Mannose, Dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, Geranyl isovalerate, Tetradecanoic acid , 6-epi-
shyobunol, Paromomycin, Cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid, and others. The FT-IR analysis revealed the
presence of Alkenes, aliphatic amines, nitro compounds, alkanes. These are chemical compounds are
may be useful for various herbal formulation as antifungal, antibacterial, anti- inflammatory, anti-
oxidant and others.
Keywords: FT-IR; GC-MS analysis; Leaves; Methanol; Cressa cretica
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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1. INTRODUCTION
Herbal medicines had usually used for treatment of diseases and for helth mentinance
[1], plant based drugs have been used since immemorial time, which interesting with herbal
products lead to grouth of medicinal plant industries [2]. Cressa cretica L. (convolvulaceae) is
a small, dwarf shrub [3], roots are horizontal, geminate with lateral branches leading upward
to produce above- ground parts. The leaf blade is 1-2 mm long, lanculate, ovate or elliptic to
scale like. Flowers are solitary, white or pink axillary, 5-8 mm long [4]. Seeds are 3-4 mm
long, glabrous, smooth and shining to reticulate, with dark, brown color [5]. Cressa cretica showed variation in productivity in response to environmental factors.
Net productivity and aboveground biomass were higher during the brief winter in comparison
to summer [6]. C. cretica used in all parts as a paste and decoction to treated fungus infection,
asthma, blood purifier and eczema [7]. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves of this plant
have a very good activity against some microbial pathogens such as gram – positive, gram
negative bacteria and some fungi species, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and
Penicillium chrysogenum [8]. The plant can be used as anti-tubercular, expectorant [9].
Ethanolic extract of C. cretica significantly reduced blood glucose, serum cholesterol in rats
[4]. This plant also used to synthesis silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate using C. cretica
leaf extract [10].
In the last few years gas chromatography – mass spectrometry has become firmly
established as a key technology plat form for phytochemical profiling in plant [11-13]. Gas
chromatography provides a very adequate technique for the separation of complex samples
because this technique give a combination of speed, sensitivity and a high resolving power
[14]. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is a physico-chemical analytical technique and
one of the most widely used methods to identify the structure of unknown composition or its
functional group, and the intensity of the absorption spectra associated with molecular
composition or content of the chemical group [15]. The present study involves an assessment
using GC-MS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques to investigate and determine the bioactive
compounds in the leaves of C. cretica.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection and preparation of plant material
The leaves were purchased from the gardens of Babylone University, Hilla city, after
had cleaned and removal foreign materials, the leaves were washed twice with running tap
water and once with distilled water and dried under shade for ten days at room temperature.
Dried leaves stored in airtight container to avoid the effect of humidity and then stored at
room temperature until further use.
Preparation of sample about 20 gm of the plant sample powdered were soaked in 100 ml
methanol for 16 h in a rotatory shaker. What man No.1 filter paper was used to separate the
extract of plant. The supernatant were used for further phytochemical analysis [16]. It was
again filtered through sodium sulphate in order to remove the traces of moisture.
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Gas chromatography mass spectrum analysis
The GC-MS analysis of the plant extract was made in a (QP 2010 Plus SHIMADZU)
instrument under computer control at 70 eV [17-19]. About 1 μl of the methanol extract was
injected into the GC-MS using a micro syringe , then the scanning was done for 45 min. As
the compounds were separated, and removed from the column and entered a detector which
was capable of creating an electronic signal whenever a compound was detected. The greater
concentration in the sample, bigger was the signal obtained which then processed by the
computer.
The time from when the injection was made (Initial time) to when elution occurred is
referred to as the Retention time (RT). While the instrument was run, the computer generated
a graph from the signal called chromatogram. Each of the peaks in the chromatogram
represented the signal created when a compound eluted from the Gas chromatography column
into the detector. The x-axis showed the RT and the y-axis measured the intensity of the
signal to quantify the component in the sample injected. As individual compounds removed
from the Gas chromatographic column, they entered the electron ionization (mass
spectroscopy) detector, where they were bombarded with a stream of electrons causing them
to break apart into fragments.
The fragments obtained were actually charged ions with a certain mass. The M/Z
(Mass/Charge) ratio obtained was calibrated from the graph obtained, which was called the
Mass spectrum graph which is the fingerprint of a molecule. Before analyzing the extract
using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy , the temperature of the oven and the flow
rate of the gas used and electron gun were programmed initially. The temperature of the oven
was maintained at 100 °C. Helium gas was used as a carrier as well as an eluent. The flow
rate of helium was set to 1ml per minute. The electron gun of mass detector liberated
electrons having energy of about 70eV. The column employed here for the separation
siloxane). The identity of the components in the extracts was assigned by the comparison of
their retention indices and mass spectra fragmentation patterns with those stored on the
computer library and also with published literatures [19,20].
Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR)
The powdered sample of the plant specimen was treated for FTIR spectroscopy
(Shimadzu, IR Affinity 1, Japan). The sample was run at infrared region between 400 and
4000 nm [21,22].
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Gas Chromatography and Mass spectroscopy analysis of compounds was carried out in
methanolic extract of C. cretica leaves, shown in Table 1.and the components corresponding
to the peaks were determined as follows: 5-Methyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazine-2-thione;
Eicosanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester; Lactose ; 3-Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate; Adenosine ,
4'-methylaminoformyl-4'-deshydroxymethyl-N-[3-is; Benzenemethanol, 4-hydroxy-α-[1-
(methylamino) ethyl]; Benzenemethanol, 2-(2-aminopropoxy)-3-methyl-; Sarreroside; Pterin-
6-carboxylic acid; 12,15-Octadecadiynoic acid , methyl ester; d-Mannose; Dodecanoic acid,
3-hydroxy-; Cyclopenta[1,3] cyclopropa[1,2]cyclohepten-3(3Ah)-one, 1,2; Desulphosinigrin;
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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Geranyl isovalerate; Cyclopentanemethylamine, 2-isopropylidene-N,N,5-trimethyl-;
Tetradecanoic acid; Ppropiolic acid, 3-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl);
Acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2butynyl]; 6-epi-shyobunol; 2,7-
Diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino[4,5:2',3']pyrrolo[4',5'-d]pyrid; 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-
hexadecan-1-ol; Paromomycin; Cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid; γ-Linolenic acid , methyl ester;
Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol; Ethyl iso-allocholate; 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester;
Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α)-; Octadecanoic acid; Strychane, 1-acetyl-20α-hydroxy-
16-methylene-; 8,8'-Trimethoxy -3 -piperidyl-2,2'-binaphthalene-1,1',4,4'-tetra; Spirost-8-en-
11-one,3-hydroxy-,(3β,5α,14β,20β,22β,25R)-; Campesterol (Figer 1-34).
Fourier- transform infrared analysis of methanolic extract of cressa cretica leaves
proved the presence of Alkenes, aliphatic amines, nitro compounds, amines, alkanes, (Table
2; Figer 35). Among the identified phytocompounds have the property of antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities [23,24].
Plant based antimicrobials have enormous therapeutic potential as they can serve the
purpose with lesser side effects. Continued further exploration of plant derived antimicrobials
is needed today. [25] and [5] investigate the activity of alcoholic extract of cressa cretica as
anti fungul. Chaudhary reported that the ethanolic extract of C. cretica was significantly
reduced blood glucose and this extract have a high anti diabetic potential.
Figure 1. 5Methyl-6phenyltetrahydro1,3oxazine Figure 2. Eicosanoic acid , phenylmethyl
-2-thione in the leaf extract of C. cretica L. ester in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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Figure 3. Lactose in the leaf extract Figure 4. 3-Deoxy-L-ribose-2,5-dibenzoate in
of C. cretica L. the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
Figure 5. Adenosine , 4'-methylaminoformy Figure 6. Benzenemethanol,4-hydroxy-α- l-4'-deshydroxymethyl-N-[3-is in the leaf -[1-(methylamino)ethyl]-,(R* in the leaf
extract of C. cretica L. extract of Cressa cretica L
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Figure 7. Benzenemethanol , 2-(2-aminopropoxy) Figure 8. Sarreroside in the leaf 3-methyl- in the leaf extract of Cressa cretica L. extract of Cressa cretica L.
Figure 9. Pterin-6-carboxylic acid in Figure 10. 12,15-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl
the leaf extract of C. cretica L. ester in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
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Figure 11. d-Mannose in the leaf extract Figure 12. Dodecanoic acid , 3-hydroxy
of C. cretica L. in the leaf extract of C.a cretic
Figure 13. Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2 Figure 14. Desulphosinigrin in the
cyclohepten-3(3Ah)-one,1,2 in the leaf leaf extract of C. cretica L.
extract of C. cretica L.
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Figure 15. Geranyl isovalerat Figure 16. Cyclopentanemethylamine.
in the leaf of C. cretica L. 2-isopropylidene- N,N,5-trimethyl-,
in the leaf of C.cretica L
Figure 17. Tetradecanoic acid in the leaf Figure 18. Ppropiolic acid ,3-(1-hydroxy-2-
extract of C. cretica L. isopropyl 5-methylcyclohexyl)- in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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Figure 19. Acetamide , N-methyl-N-[4- Figure 20. 6-epi-shyobunol in the
(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]- in leaf extract of C. cretica L.
the leaf extract of C. critica L.
Figure 21. 2,7-Diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino Figure 22. 3,7,11,15Tetramethyl-2hexadecan-
[4,5:2',3']pyrrolo[4',5'-d]pyrid in the leaf 1-ol in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
extract of C. cretica L.
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Figure 23. Paromomycin in the leaf Figure 24. Cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid
extract of C. cretica L. in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
Figure 25. γ-Linolenic acid , methyl ester in Figure 26. Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-ol
the leaf extract of C. cretica L. in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
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Figure 27. Ethyl iso-allocholate in the leaf Figure 28. 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl
extract of C. cretica L. ester in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
Figure 29. Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α)- Figure 30. Octadecanoic acid in the
in the leaf extract of C.cretica L. leaf extract of C. cretica L.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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Figure 31. Strychane, 1-acetyl-20α-hydroxy-16 Figure 32. 3',8,8'-Trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2
-methylene- in the leaf extract of C. cretica L. 2'-binaphthalene-1,1',4,4'-tetra,
in the leaf extract of C. cretica L.
Figure 33. Spirost-8-en-11-one,3-hydroxy-, Figure 34. Campesterol in the leaf
(3β,5α,14β,20β,22β,25R)- in the leaf extract extract of C. cretica L.
of C. cretica L.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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Table 1. Major phytochemical compounds identified in methanolic extract of
Cressa ctretica Linn Leaves.
Ph
arm
aco
log
-ica
l
act
ion
s
MS
Fra
gm
ent-
io
ns
Chemical structure
Ex
act
Ma
ss
Mo
lecu
lar
Wei
gh
t
RT
(m
in)
Ph
yto
chem
ica
l
com
po
un
d
Ser
ial
No
.
57
,77,9
1,9
7,
11
7,1
32
,14
7,
17
4,2
07
20
7.0
71
78
5
20
7
3.3
67
5-M
eth
yl-
6-
ph
eny
ltet
rahy
dro
-1,3
-
ox
azin
e-2-t
hio
ne
1.
No
act
ive
rep
ort
57
,71,9
1,1
08,1
26
,1
47
,167
,20
7,2
81
40
2.3
49
78
1
40
2
3.9
68
Eic
osa
no
ic a
cid
,
ph
eny
lmet
hy
l es
ter
2.
Pre
serv
ativ
e
[26
]
60
,73,8
5,9
1,9
7,1
26
,14
5,1
6
3,1
91
34
2.1
16
21
34
2
4.7
35
Lac
tose
3.
No
act
ive
rep
ort
51
,77,9
2,1
05,1
22
,13
6,1
65,2
07
34
2.1
10
33
8
34
2
4.8
49
3-D
eox
y-L
-rib
ose
-
2,5
-dib
enzo
ate
4.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
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No
act
ive
rep
ort
58
,76,8
5,9
7,1
20
,14
8,1
6
3,2
06,2
40
,282
44
1.1
21
92
3
44
1
6.2
74
Ad
eno
sin
e ,
4'-
met
hy
lam
ino
form
yl-
4'-
des
hy
dro
xy
met
hy
l-N
-
[3-i
s
5.
No
act
ive
rep
ort
58
,65,7
7,9
5,1
21
,14
7,1
81
18
1.1
10
27
9
18
1
6.9
03
Ben
zen
emet
han
ol,
4-h
yd
rox
y-
α-[
1-(
met
hy
lam
ino
)eth
yl]
-
,(R
*
6.
An
ti-n
oci
cep
tiv
e ef
fect
.
[21
]
58
,65,7
7,9
1,1
05
,12
1,1
35
,1
52
,178
,19
5
19
5.1
25
92
9
19
5
8.1
68
Ben
zen
emet
han
ol
, 2
-(2
-
amin
op
rop
ox
y)-
3-m
ethy
l-
7.
No
act
ive
rep
ort
57
,74,1
13
,191
,22
9,2
71
,35
4,4
01,4
45
56
2.2
77
79
8
56
2
8.6
31
Sar
rero
sid
e
8.
An
ti-p
sych
oti
c, m
oo
d-
stab
iliz
er a
nd
an
ti-
par
asit
e
[21
]
57
,69,9
3,1
05,1
22
,149
,1
63
,177
,20
7
20
7.0
39
23
9
20
7
9.0
72
Pte
rin
-6-c
arbo
xy
lic
acid
9.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-395-
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,67,7
4,7
9,9
1,1
19
,13
3,1
47
,16
1,1
78
,2
05
,220
29
0.2
24
58
29
0
9.5
64
12
,15-
Oct
adec
adiy
no
ic
acid
, m
eth
yl
este
r
10
.
An
ti-a
ller
gic
an
d
anti
-bac
teri
al
[22
]
60
,73,1
03
,149
18
0.0
63
38
8
18
0
10
.714
d-M
ann
ose
11
.
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,69,8
3,9
6,1
12
,12
3,1
38,1
51
,180
,20
0
21
6.1
72
54
45
21
6
10
.960
Do
dec
ano
ic a
cid ,
3-h
yd
roxy
-
12
An
ti -
pai
n e
ffec
t.
[21
]
55
,69,7
8,9
1,1
05
,11
9,1
33,1
47
,162
,19
0
19
0.1
35
76
5
19
0
11
.538
Cy
clo
pen
ta[1
,3]c
yc
lop
rop
a[1
,2]c
ycl
oh
epte
n-3
(3A
h)-
on
e
,1,2
13
anti
can
cer
acti
vit
y
[27
]
60
,73,8
5,1
03,1
27
,145
,16
3,2
13
,262
27
9.0
77
65
8
27
9
11
.567
Des
ulp
ho
sin
igri
n
14
anti
fun
gal
act
ivit
y
[28
]
57
,69,8
5,9
3,1
03
,12
1,1
29,1
36
,154
,16
8,
18
3,1
98
,21
9
23
8.1
93
28
23
8
12
.253
Ger
any
l is
ov
aler
ate
15
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-396-
No
act
ive
rep
ort
58
,79,1
07
,136
,16
4
18
1.1
83
05
18
1
12
.580
Cy
clo
pen
tan
emet
hy
lam
ine
, 2
-iso
pro
py
lid
ene-
N,N
,5-
trim
eth
yl-
,
16
An
tio
xid
ant,
can
cer
pre
ven
tiv
e,n
emat
icid
e,hy
po
cho
lest
ero
lem
ic,
lub
rica
nt
[27
]
55
,60,7
3,8
3,9
7,1
15
,12
9,
14
3,1
57
,17
1,1
85,1
99
,21
1,2
28
22
8.2
08
93
22
8
12
.911
Tet
rad
ecan
oic
aci
d
17
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,69,8
1,9
5,1
09
,12
1,1
3
5,1
50,1
63
,178
,19
1,2
06
22
4.1
41
24
5
22
4
13
.209
Pp
rop
ioli
c ac
id , 3
-(1
-
hy
dro
xy
-2-i
sop
rop
yl-
5-
met
hy
lcy
clo
hex
yl)
-
18
No
act
ive
rep
ort
56
,68,1
24
,137
,16
7,1
92
21
0.1
36
82
7
21
0
13
.432
Ace
tam
ide
, N
-met
hy
l-
N-[
4-(
3-
hy
dro
xyp
yrr
oli
din
yl)
-2-
bu
tyn
yl]
-
19
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,67,8
1,9
3,1
09
,12
1
,13
6,1
61
,20
7,2
22
22
2.1
98
36
5
22
2
13
.787
6-e
pi-
shyo
bun
ol
20
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-397-
An
ti-
ang
iog
enic
eff
ect
and
anti
-
tum
or
effi
cacy
[22
]
51
,65,7
7,9
3,1
05
,11
9,1
49
,165
,18
7,2
1
1,2
24,2
38
,267
,28
1,3
27
,35
5
35
5.1
06
92
4
35
5
14
.170
2,7
-Dip
hen
yl-
1,6
-
dio
xo
py
rid
azin
o[4
,5:2
',3']
pyrr
olo
[4',
5'-
d]p
yri
d
21
An
tim
icro
bia
l an
ti-
infl
amm
ato
ry
[29
]
55
,71,8
1,9
5,1
09
,12
3,
13
7,1
51
,17
9,2
78
29
6.3
07
91
7
29
6
14
.113
3,7
,11
,15
-
Tet
ram
eth
yl-
2-
hex
adec
an-1
-ol
22
An
ti-b
acte
rial
Ag
ents
.
[22
]
57
,67,8
0,9
4,1
09
,12
4,1
45
,
22
7,2
52
,27
7,3
03
61
5.2
96
30
3
61
5
14
.359
Par
om
om
yci
n
23
Fla
vo
rin
g a
gen
t ,
An
ti-
ox
idan
t .
[24
]
55
,69,8
3,9
7,1
11
,12
3,
13
7,1
92
,23
6,2
54
25
4.2
24
58
25
4
14
.502
Cis
-9-H
exad
ecen
oic
acid
24
An
tih
ista
min
ic,
An
tico
ron
ary
,
Inse
ctif
ug
e
,An
tiec
zem
ic,
[29
]
55
,67,7
9,9
3,1
07
,12
1,1
35,1
50
,163
,17
5,
19
4,2
07
,23
5,2
60
29
2.2
40
23
29
2
14
.748
γ-L
ino
len
ic a
cid ,
met
hy
l es
ter
25
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-398-
An
ti-
arrh
yth
mic
acti
vit
ies
[22
]
57
,73,8
5,9
7,1
07
,12
9,
15
7,1
85
,21
3,2
41,2
56
25
6.1
82
71
4
25
6
14
.994
Est
ra-1
,3,5
(10
)-tr
ien
-
17
β-o
l
26
An
tim
icro
bia
l D
iure
tic
An
ti-
infl
amm
ato
ry A
nti
asth
ma
[30
;31]
55
,69,8
1,9
5,2
53
,36
7,4
00
,418
4
36
.31
887
4
43
6
15
.704
Eth
yl
iso
-all
och
ola
te
27
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,67,8
1,9
5,1
09
,12
1,1
50
,164
,20
5,2
20
,23
4,2
6
3,2
94
29
4.2
55
88
29
4
16
.173
7,1
0-O
ctad
ecad
ien
oic
acid
, m
eth
yl
este
r
28
No
act
ive
rep
ort
69
,81,9
5,1
05,1
21
,133
,16
1,1
75,2
03
,227
40
0.3
70
51
6
40
0
16
.310
Ch
ole
stan
-3-o
l,2
-
met
hy
len
e-,(
3β
,5α
)-
29
Can
cer
pre
ven
tiv
e In
sect
ifu
ge
[32
]
60
,73,8
3,9
7,1
15
,12
9,1
43
,157
,
17
1,1
85
,19
9,2
27,2
41
,255
,28
4
28
4.2
71
53
28
4
16
.802
Oct
adec
ano
ic a
cid
30
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-399-
No
act
ive
rep
ort
57
,70,8
8,1
30,1
66
,239
,28
1,3
38
33
8.1
99
42
9
33
8
19
.543
Str
ych
ane
, 1
-ace
tyl-
20
α-h
ydro
xy
-16
-
met
hy
len
e-
31
An
tica
nce
r, a
nti
arth
riti
c an
d
anti
-
infl
amm
ato
ry
[22
]
57
,71,1
12
,149
,16
7,2
23
,27
9,3
13
,32
8
48
7.1
63
10
1
48
7
20
.012
3',8
,8'-
Tri
met
hox
y-3
-pip
erid
yl-
2,2
'-
bin
aph
thal
ene-
1,1
',4,4
'-te
tra
32
Est
rog
enic
,
pro
ges
tero
gen
ic a
nd
an
ti-
infl
amm
ato
ry e
ffec
ts
[21
]
57
,69,9
5,1
35,1
87
,207
,22
9,
28
1,2
99
,31
4,3
56,3
95
,428
42
8.2
92
66
42
8
19
.761
Sp
iro
st-8
-en
-11
-on
e,3-
hy
dro
xy
-
,(3
β,5
α,1
4β
,20
β,2
2β
,25
R)
33
No
act
ive
rep
ort
55
,81,1
45
,161
,21
3,2
55
,
28
9,3
15
,38
2,4
00
40
0.3
70
51
6
40
0
27
.359
Cam
pes
tero
l
34
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-400-
Table 2. FT-IR peak values of solid analysis of methanolic extract of Cressa cretica l.
Gro
up
fre
qu
ency
Fu
nct
ion
al
gro
up
ass
ign
men
t
Ty
pe
of
Vib
rati
on
Bo
nd
Ty
pe
of
Inte
nsi
ty
Co
rr.
Are
a
Are
a
Ba
se (
L)
Ba
se (
H)
Co
rr.
Inte
nsi
ty
Inte
nsi
ty
Pea
k (
Wa
ve
Nu
mb
er c
m-ˡ)
No.
65
0-1
000
Alk
enes
Ben
din
g
=C
–H
Str
on
g
0.2
58
5.5
35
64
8.6
8
68
6.6
6
2.5
13
70
.544
66
7.3
7
1.
65
0-1
000
Alk
enes
Ben
din
g
=C
–H
Str
on
g
0.1
96
5.5
77
70
5.9
5
75
0.3
1
2.1
56
72
.699
71
9.4
5
2.
65
0-1
000
Alk
enes
Ben
din
g
=C
–H
Str
on
g
0.1
02
1.9
67
86
0.2
5
88
5.3
3
1.8
79
82
.145
87
5.6
8
3.
10
20-1
25
0
alip
hat
ic
amin
es
Str
etch
C–
N
Med
ium
8.0
40
26
.632
92
7.7
6
08
3.9
9
15
.580
58
.525
10
26
.13
4.
10
20-1
25
0
alip
hat
ic
amin
es
Str
etch
C–
N
Med
ium
0.4
29
7.5
59
10
85
.92
13
9.9
3
2.5
04
68
.167
10
95
.57
5.
10
20-1
25
0
alip
hat
ic
amin
es
Str
etch
C–
N
Med
ium
0.2
43
4.2
58
11
41
.86
19
2.0
1
1.3
33
78
.651
11
47
.65
6.
10
20-1
25
0
alip
hat
ic
amin
es
Str
etch
C–
N
Med
ium
0.1
68
2.5
44
12
13
.23
1
25
3.7
3
1.2
10
85
.359
12
44
.95
7.
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 381-404
-401-
4. CONCLUSION
Cressa cretica Linn. is a native plant of Iraq. Thus the GC-MS analysis of methanolic
extract of leaves of this plant showed a highly complex profile containing approximately
thirty four components. It contain phytochemicals which may be useful for various herbal
formulation as anti-inflamatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and others.
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( Received 23 May 2016; accepted 11 June 2016 )