What Parents Can Do April 10-12, 2012

Walt Disney World Swan Resort

1. Compare mixed-method studies that focus on behavioral factors related to drug use and abuse, especially among youth and adolescents. 2. Outline proven comprehensive strategies for combating prescription drug abuse through the development of community partnerships. 3. Express the impact of prescription drug abuse on families and communities through anecdotal personal stories.

Accepted Learning Objectives

Disclosure Statement

All presenters for this session, Dr. Carol J. Boyd, Dr. Gary Martin, and Karen Perry, have disclosed no relevant, real or apparent personal or professional financial relationships.

The  Killer  Amongst  Us…  

Drug  Overdose  Dr.  Gary  Mar<n  

Palm  Beach  County  Sheriff’s  Office/Lynn  University  

Na<onal  Overdose  Sta<s<cs    

  27,658  uninten-onal  drug  poisonings  

  100%  increase  in  overdose  deaths  from  years  2000-­‐2006  

  Drug  overdose  deaths    second  to  car  accidents  for  uninten-onal  injury  deaths  

Uninten<onal  Overdose  Deaths  

Drug  Related  Deaths  

  Physiological  consequences  associated  with  chronic  drug  use  

  Violence      Behavioral  choices    

Overdose  Deaths  

Why  so  many  uninten<onal    poisoning  deaths?  

Combining  and  Mixing  Drugs  

  Mul-ple  contributable  drugs  found  in  majority  of  overdose  fatali-es    

  Average  of  2.7  drugs  found  in  overdose  cases  

2007  Toxicology  Findings  

Commonly  Abused  Drugs  

High  Risk  Drugs      Opiate  Pain  Medica-ons  

  Depressants/seda-ves    

  Illicit  drugs  including  alcohol  

Tolerance  Depleted    Recently  released  prisoners  

  Recently  released  from  court  supervision  

  Recently  released  from  drug  treatment  

  Recently  released  from  hospital    

A  Comprehensive  Response  

Three  Strategies  

  Law  Enforcement  

  Public  Awareness    

  Quan<ta<ve  Research  

Law  Enforcement    Reviewing  each  overdose  death  inves-ga-on.    

  Applying  all  relevant  statutes  to  the  circumstances.  

  Forwarding  all  narco-cs  intelligence.  

  19.3  %  of  the  case  reviews  generated  narco-cs  intelligence.        

Public  Awareness    Forging  coopera-ve  rela-onships  with  families  who  have  

lost  loved  ones  to  drug  overdose  death.  

  Providing  overdose  risk  awareness  programs  to  students  and  parents.  

  Designing  a  mul-media  public  service    campaign  focusing  on  the  risks  associated  with  prescrip-on  drug  misuse  and  abuse.  

  Seeking  legisla-ve  ac-on  to  discourage  doctor  shopping  and  prescrip-on  drug  diversion.      

“911”  Good  Samaritan  Legisla<on      A  Drug  Overdose  Interven-on  Strategy.    

  Offers-­‐limited  immunity  from  criminal  prosecu-on  for  person(s)  who,  in  good  faith,  seek  medical  aWen-on  during  a  drug-­‐related  medical  crisis.    

  Intent-­‐reduce  the  number  of  drug  overdose  deaths  by  removing  the  fear  of  arrest  as  a  barrier  to  seeking  emergency  medical  assistance.      

Quan<ta<ve  Research  

  Collec-ng  extensive  demographic  and  circumstan-al  data  from  each  overdose  death  inves-ga-on.  

  Designing  a  prac-cal  overdose  death  database.  

   Exposing  overdose  correla-ons  and  trends.    

Case  Examina<ons    353  overdose  death  cases    Palm  Beach  County,  Florida      Selected  by  chronological  occurrence      Data  derived  from:    Police  and  paramedic  reports        Autopsy  and  toxicology  findings    Family  and  friend  interviews      Medical  records        

Decedents’  Average  Age  

40.08 Years

  Age  breakdown    

Overdose  Risk  Profile  

Demographic  Indicators:    White    Male  

  Approximately  40  years  old    High  School  Diploma  or  GED  

  Employed  

Overdose  Risk  Profile  Sta<c  Indicators:    History  of  substance  abuse    History  of  drug  related  arrests    History  of  substance  abuse  treatment    History  of  mental  health  treatment    History  of  non  fatal  drug  overdose    Under  physician’s  care  at  -me  of  death  

Overdose  Risk  Profile  Circumstan<al  Indicators:    Died  at  home    Discovered  by  family  member    Last  act  is  sleeping    Found  unconscious    Others  present  at  death  scene    Other  recognized  distress    Died  from  accidental  mul-ple  drug  toxicity    Most  likely  combina-ons  are  alprazolam,      oxycodone,  cocaine,  and  methadone  

NOPE  Task  Force  866-­‐612-­‐NOPE  

Ask  Adam  (Ask  Ques<ons  Anonymously)  

www.nopetaskforce.org  

Dr.  Gary  Mar<n  

Mar<nG@pbso.org