Gargantua 2: religion and reform. Plan of lecture Old-style religion: the Sorbonne and Janotus de...
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Transcript of Gargantua 2: religion and reform. Plan of lecture Old-style religion: the Sorbonne and Janotus de...
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Gargantua 2: religion and reform
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Plan of lecture
Old-style religion: the Sorbonne and Janotus de Bragmardo
Monks: the siege of Seuillé and its aftermath (Gargantua, chs 25/27 and 38-39 / 39 – 40 Monkish traits The example of Frère Jean Evangelical / Protestant theology with respect to
monasticism Pilgrimages (Gargantua, chs 36/38 and 43/45)
Gargantua eats 6 pilgrims – giant humour Parody of Psalm 124
Religious freedom: Erasmus and radical folly
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The trip to Paris
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The Sorbonne at the time of Rabelais All teaching done in Latin Faculties:
Theology Law Medicine Arts
Anti-innovation; debate stultified; anti-humanist
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The Collège royal
Founded by the humanist Guillaume Budé – 1530
6 lecteurs royaux in Greek Hebrew Maths Latin (eloquence)
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A climate of tension
1533 – Noel Beda (Principal of Faculty of Theology, Sorbonne, banished for sedition)
1533 – Sorbonne ban the Miroir de l’âme pécheresse by Marguerite de Navarre (sister of François 1er).
(1534 – L’Affaire des Placards)
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Giant humour: the theft of the bells
‘Les compissa si aigrement qu’il en noya deux cens soixante mille quatre cens dix et huyt sans les femmes et petiz enfans.’
Parody: ‘And those who ate were about five thousand
men, besides women and children’ Matt 14: 21 ‘Elles [les cloches] serviroient bien de
campanes au coul de sa jument…’
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Satire of Janotus chs 19 - 20
parody – scholastic vocabulary Nos faciemus bonum cherubin (nous faisons
bonne chère) Vultis etiam pardonos – pardons /
indulgences Chlochidonnaminor nobis Parisius habet clochas. Ergo gluc. […] s’il ne vous faict tous vifz brusler comme
bougres traistres, hereticques et seducteurs’
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A point of comparison?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PubPWuEQp8
Also see: Dorothy Coleman, Rabelais, pp. 105 -109 M A Screech, Rabelais, pp. 150 - 162
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Monkish traits
http://digital.library.villanova.edu/Image%20Collection/ImageCollection-00114.xml
Vows: Poverty Obedience Chastity
Role: To intercede for the
world through prayer
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The Monks of Seuillé: defensive actionMonks’ response
Prayers to saints Processions Chants Auricular confession
Weaknesses displayed
Cowardly Ineffective Ignorant
(see Gargantua’s response : chs 38/40)
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Frère Jean’s characteristics (ch 25/27) Benedictine monk Thin and amorous Big nose (drinks too much) Gallops through his offices (prayers, masses
etc) Greedy and lecherous Effective: takes action by fighting Heroic: ‘jamais Maugis, hermite, ne se porta
si vaillamment […] ‘
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Plainchant
For some examples of the kind of liturgical chanting that the monks in Seuillé would be practising, click on the examples below:
Caritas pater est (Plainchant by Chant Group Psallentes)-youtube
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Criticism of monks in this period
Critics of monasticism
Christian humanists: Erasmus
Evangelicals Protestants : Luther
Criticism levelled at monks Petty-minded Obsessed with rules Lack of pietyCriticism levelled at
monasticism Celibacy not superior to
matrimony Vows impossible to
keep
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pilgrimages (chs 38/39 and 43/45)
The pilgrims Led by Lasdaller (‘tired
of walking…’) Prayers to Saint
Sebastien (whom they believe has sent the plague…)
Condemnation of pilgrimage:
Superstition: saints do not send plagues
Pilgrimages cause neglect of family and home
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Criticism of Church by reformist Catholics
Erasmus of Rotterdam (Holbein)
- Praise of Folly (see electronic extract available here http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/main/electronicresources/extracts/fr/fr115
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St Paul 1 Corinthians 1: 18
For the word of the cross is folly to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the word of God.
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Criticism of Church by reformist Catholics
François Rabelais (c. 1494 – 1553):
- Pantagruel
- Gargantua
- Le Tiers Livre
- Le Quart Livre
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Criticism of Church by reformist Catholics
Marguerite de Navarre, L’Heptaméron (1559): Poking fun at monks (ie: 41, 48) Serious demonstration of abuse of power by
monks and clergy (22, 23, 72) Explicit questioning of the theology which
venerates monks and clergy (23)
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Criticism of Church by reformist Catholics
Guillaume Briçonnet Bishop of Meaux Headed the Groupe de
Meaux (evangelical humanist)
Spiritual advisor to Marguerite de Navarre
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Protestant reformers
Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) Justification by faith =
central tenet of Protestant theology
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Protestant Reformers
Jean Calvin (1509 – 1564) Institution de la religion
chrétienne first published in French 1541
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Find out more about the Reformation
A History of Christianity Reformation: The Individual Before God
Available here: http://bobnational.net/record/_pzIAjYKhy7p3iWIjIBIbIR and on the Gargantua page
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Research project
The court of François 1er: art, architecture and leisure
The court of François 1er: women at court
L’Affaire des Placards
Rabelais, Erasmus and the Just War
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Instructions
Groups of 4 6 minutes per group Use presentational tools
Powerpoint Prezi Poster mindmap