SPLENDOUR and SIMPLICITY of SPLENDOUR and SIMPLICITY of

ORIENTAL GARDENSORIENTAL GARDENS

Pupil: A.IvanchukPupil: A.Ivanchuk

Form: 11“A”Form: 11“A”

WHAT IS A GARDEN?WHAT IS A GARDEN?

A garden is a planned space, usually A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. I was fascinated with the beauty of nature. I was fascinated with the beauty of oriental gardens and made up my mind to oriental gardens and made up my mind to write about oriental – Chinese and Japanese – write about oriental – Chinese and Japanese – gardens, their similarities and distinctions, gardens, their similarities and distinctions, their functionstheir functions

PROJECT AIMSPROJECT AIMS

to systemize information about to systemize information about Chinese and Japanese gardens;Chinese and Japanese gardens;

to note their similarities and to note their similarities and distinctions;distinctions;

to define their functions to define their functions

A CHINESE GARDENA CHINESE GARDEN The Chinese Garden The Chinese Garden

is a place for solitary is a place for solitary or social or social contemplation of contemplation of nature. To be nature. To be considered authentic, considered authentic, a garden must be built a garden must be built and planned around and planned around seventeen essential seventeen essential elementselements

A CHINESE GARDENA CHINESE GARDENChinese gardens were Chinese gardens were created in the same way created in the same way as a combination of as a combination of landscape and paintings landscape and paintings together with poems - together with poems - this was the so-called this was the so-called "poetic garden." "poetic garden." Chinese gardens are a Chinese gardens are a spiritual shelter for men, spiritual shelter for men, a place they could be far a place they could be far away from their real away from their real social lives, and from social lives, and from the disappointment of the disappointment of the political problems in the political problems in ChinaChina

A CHINESE GARDENA CHINESE GARDEN

They used plants as They used plants as symbols. Bamboo was symbols. Bamboo was used in every traditional used in every traditional Chinese garden. This is Chinese garden. This is because bamboo because bamboo represents a strong but represents a strong but resilient character. The resilient character. The lotus is used to lotus is used to symbolize purity. The symbolize purity. The chrysanthemum is use chrysanthemum is use to symbolize splendor to symbolize splendor and “the courage to and “the courage to make sacrifices for a make sacrifices for a natural life”natural life”

A CHINESE GARDENA CHINESE GARDENThe architecture of a The architecture of a garden consists of garden consists of pavilions for various pavilions for various purposes, walkways, purposes, walkways, and outer and inner and outer and inner walls. The walls will walls. The walls will have moon-shaped have moon-shaped doorways and small doorways and small windows in the shapes windows in the shapes of vases. Decoration of vases. Decoration consists of calligraphy consists of calligraphy carved into rocks or carved into rocks or walls, and windowswalls, and windows

A CHINESE GARDENA CHINESE GARDEN

The varieties The varieties of sensory features of sensory features increase a garden's increase a garden's appeal. Windows appeal. Windows frame garden frame garden views. Trees and views. Trees and flowers provide flowers provide aromaaroma

JAPANESE GARDENJAPANESE GARDENJapanese Gardens in a Japanese Gardens in a traditional Japanese style traditional Japanese style can be found at private can be found at private homes, in neighborhood homes, in neighborhood or city parks and at or city parks and at historical landmarks, such historical landmarks, such as old castles. Many of as old castles. Many of the Japanese gardens the Japanese gardens most famous in the West, most famous in the West, and within Japan as well, and within Japan as well, are dry gardens or rock are dry gardens or rock gardens (their main gardens (their main elements are rocks and elements are rocks and sand)sand)

JAPANESE GARDENJAPANESE GARDEN

Typical Japanese Typical Japanese gardens contain several gardens contain several of these elements, real of these elements, real or symbolic:or symbolic:

WaterWater An islandAn island A bridge to the islandA bridge to the island A lantern, typically of A lantern, typically of

stonestone A teahouse or pavilionA teahouse or pavilion

JAPANESE GARDENJAPANESE GARDEN

Japanese gardens might fall Japanese gardens might fall into one of these styles:into one of these styles:

Pond gardens, for viewing Pond gardens, for viewing from a boat;from a boat;

Sitting gardens, for viewing Sitting gardens, for viewing from inside a building or on from inside a building or on a veranda;a veranda;

Tea gardens, for viewing Tea gardens, for viewing from a path which leads to a from a path which leads to a tea ceremony hut;tea ceremony hut;

Strolling gardens, for Strolling gardens, for viewing from a path which viewing from a path which circumnavigates the garden circumnavigates the garden

JAPANESE GARDENJAPANESE GARDENAlso gardens use similar Also gardens use similar rocks for decoration. rocks for decoration. Some of these come from Some of these come from distant parts of Japan. In distant parts of Japan. In addition, bamboos and addition, bamboos and related plants, evergreens related plants, evergreens including Japanese black including Japanese black pine, and such deciduous pine, and such deciduous trees as maples grow trees as maples grow above a carpet of ferns above a carpet of ferns and mossesand mosses

JAPANESE GARDENJAPANESE GARDENA water source in a A water source in a Japanese garden should Japanese garden should appear to be part of the appear to be part of the natural surroundings; natural surroundings; this is why one will not this is why one will not find fountains in find fountains in traditional gardens. traditional gardens. Man-made streams are Man-made streams are built with curves to built with curves to create a natural create a natural appearance. Lanterns appearance. Lanterns are often placed beside are often placed beside some of the most some of the most prominent water basins prominent water basins

SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENS GARDENS

The first part of my The first part of my research work is research work is aimed at answering a aimed at answering a question – which question – which type of a garden is type of a garden is wider spread in the wider spread in the countries of our countries of our planetplanet

CountryCountry QUANTITYQUANTITY

Chinese Chinese gardensgardens

Japanese Japanese gardensgardens

JapanJapan -- 1616

USAUSA 33 1313

ArgentinaArgentina -- 11

AustraliaAustralia 11 55

CanadaCanada 22 11

EnglandEngland -- 55

ScotlandScotland -- 11

IrelandIreland -- 11

ChinaChina 6666 --

SingaporeSingapore 11 --

SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENSJAPANESE GARDENS

Having studied the table on the previous slide we can Having studied the table on the previous slide we can say that:say that:

noteworthy Japanese gardens can be found in 8 noteworthy Japanese gardens can be found in 8 countries while Chinese gardens only in 5;countries while Chinese gardens only in 5;

not taking into consideration Antarctic, we can mention not taking into consideration Antarctic, we can mention that these gardens can be seen on every continent that these gardens can be seen on every continent except Africa, moreover Japanese gardens were created except Africa, moreover Japanese gardens were created both in North and South America while Chinese both in North and South America while Chinese gardens – only in North America;gardens – only in North America;

in spite of the fact that Japanese gardens are wider in spite of the fact that Japanese gardens are wider spread on the geographical map of our planet, there are spread on the geographical map of our planet, there are much more noteworthy Chinese gardens than Japanese much more noteworthy Chinese gardens than Japanese ones ( 73 – 43)ones ( 73 – 43)

SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENSSIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENS

Comparative analysis of Chinese and Japanese gardensComparative analysis of Chinese and Japanese gardens

Items to analyzeItems to analyze Chinese gardenChinese garden Japanese gardenJapanese garden quantity of essential quantity of essential elements/featureselements/features 1717 77created tocreated to to provide a spiritual utopia to provide a spiritual utopia to allow individuals to to allow individuals to

escape from the stresses of escape from the stresses of daily lifedaily life

creates the feeling ofcreates the feeling of tranquility and splendourtranquility and splendour rural simplicityrural simplicity

revive the spirit ofrevive the spirit of the philosopherthe philosopher the observerthe observer

use in their constructionsuse in their constructions water, stone, plants (different water, stone, plants (different colour, symbolic meaning)colour, symbolic meaning)

stone, water, plants (mostly stone, water, plants (mostly green)green)

constructions in the gardensconstructions in the gardens walls, windows, pavilionswalls, windows, pavilions bridge, pavilions, lanternsbridge, pavilions, lanterns

flowersflowers a lota lot a fewa few

SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE GARDENSGARDENS

These gardens are extremely beautiful, but their These gardens are extremely beautiful, but their function is a little bit different: a Chinese garden is function is a little bit different: a Chinese garden is supposed to create a feeling of tranquility and supposed to create a feeling of tranquility and splendour, reviving the spirit of the philosopher, while splendour, reviving the spirit of the philosopher, while a Japanese garden is thought to arouse the feeling of a Japanese garden is thought to arouse the feeling of rural simplicity stimulating the spirit of the observer. rural simplicity stimulating the spirit of the observer. People use common natural materials when making the People use common natural materials when making the gardens. They are water, stone, plants. Both gardens are gardens. They are water, stone, plants. Both gardens are decorated with pavilions. There are walls and windows decorated with pavilions. There are walls and windows in Chinese gardens while Japanese gardens have in Chinese gardens while Japanese gardens have bridges and stone lanterns. Only a few types of flowers bridges and stone lanterns. Only a few types of flowers can be seen in Japanese gardens while there are a lot of can be seen in Japanese gardens while there are a lot of them in Chinese gardens. Both types of gardens use a them in Chinese gardens. Both types of gardens use a technique of “borrowed scenery” – when natural technique of “borrowed scenery” – when natural elements of landscape are exploited in garden elements of landscape are exploited in garden constructionconstruction

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONBoth types of gardens have a visual similarity Both types of gardens have a visual similarity

and still they are different – due to the spirit they and still they are different – due to the spirit they revive and the feeling they create. Here lies their revive and the feeling they create. Here lies their major difference. Then, Japanese gardens use natural major difference. Then, Japanese gardens use natural environment more than Chinese gardens; the latter environment more than Chinese gardens; the latter have more signs of human creativity.have more signs of human creativity.

Generally speaking, I should say that this work Generally speaking, I should say that this work was very useful to me, because I have gained some was very useful to me, because I have gained some experience in the composition of such projects. I have experience in the composition of such projects. I have never done such work before. Then, I’ve come across never done such work before. Then, I’ve come across a lot of new words. I’m sure this project has also a lot of new words. I’m sure this project has also broadened my cultural outlookbroadened my cultural outlook