Garden Village Booklet
-
Upload
olivia-bistran -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Garden Village Booklet
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
1/19
Garden City of Today:
Garden VillageGarden Village
Concept Developed By:Graeme R. DaleyGraeme R. Daley
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
2/19
Special Thanks To :
Ebenezer HowardEbenezer Howard(1850-1928)
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
3/19
Table of Contents:
Chapter OneEbenezer Howards Garden CityPage 1
Chapter TwoThe U.S. Greenbelt Program
Page 3
Chapter ThreeFuture Development Principles
Page 5
Chapter FourGarden Village, OHPage 7
Chapter FiveThe Conclusion
Page 13
Chapter SixPresentation Boards
Page 14
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
4/19
Late in the nineteenth century an Englishman named Ebenezer
Howard started a movement which is now called Urban Planning.
His ideas of a sustainable, completely preplanned community were a
first in the development world. Ebenezer Howardfirst published his
ideas in an 1898 book called To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real
Reform. Though much has changed in the past 109 years, Howardstheories and ideas are still very applicable in todays society.
Ebenezer Howards most recognized work is the idea of
his Garden City. This conceptual city
would blend the advantages of living in
the city, with the advantages of living
in the country. This Garden City would
cover an area of approximately 6,000
acres of land. Most of this land would
remain purely agricultural to feed the
residents of the new city. The actual
Garden City itself would cover 1,000
Chapter One:Ebenezer Howards Garden City
1
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
5/19
acres of land, near the center of the
6,000 acre site. Howards conceptual
diagrams show a car oriented city,
which is divided into six equal wards
by 120 wide boulevards radiating out
from the center of the city.
Howards conceptual Garden
City would be home to approximately 30,000 residents, with an ad-
ditional 2000 residents living in the agricultural estates. The Gar-
den City would have 5,500 residential building lots with a minimum
size of 20 x 100 feet. Howards GardenCitys income would come entirely from
rents around the city. Farmers would
pay rent for their land, businesses
would pay rent for their store space,
and residents pay rent for their house or
apartment.
Howard went as far as calculating operating costs for hisproposed Garden City plan. However, the physical development of
his Garden City was mostly theoretical. His diagrams all state that
they do not represent the true form that his idea would become on
a specific site. He realized that in most situations his plan would
have to be adapted to the current situation on the ground.
Ebenezer Howard was a true visionary; realizing many of
todays urban problems, like pollution and traffic congestion, beforethey became the major problems that we have today. Howard paved
the way for the planners of today and of the future to think about
society not as it is, but how it could be.
2
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
6/19
Chapter Two:The U.S. Greenbelt Program
In the 1935 the United States of America started the Green-
belt Program, as a way to hire and help people recover from the
Great Depression. Three cities; Greendale, WI; Greenbelt, MD; and
Greenhills, OH; were built under this program that were styled after
Ebenezer Howards Garden City vision. All three of these American
examples show some traits found in Ebenezer Howards conceptual
Garden City, however none of them have succeeded in fully realizing
Howards true vision.
Greendale, Wisconsin; opened for occupancy on May 1, 1938.
In it early stages this city de-
cently represented Howards
vision, but has lost the traits
that make the Garden City
unique. Currently, there is no
sign of the greenbelt that once
encircled this city. It now
blends into the suburban land-
scape of Milwaukee just like
every other community. Greendale is also the site of a huge shopping
mall, which does not represent the small town feel that these cities
are supposed to have. Howard also called for a wide variety of ar-
chitectural styles to be incorporated into his Garden City which hasnot been realized in Greendale, Wisconsin.
Greenbelt, Maryland; which was founded in 1937 was a much
better representation of Ebenezer Howards vision. Most noticeably
are the agricultural farms that still exist today. The agriculture is
3
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
7/19
one of the staples of Howards
vision, giving it much of its
sustainability. Greenbelt also
retains much of its original
greenbelt to buffer the town
from the undesirable uses and
pollution found in the big
cities. Greenbelt also offers
many different housing options
for its residents; however the architectural diversity that Howard
envisioned is not displayed.
Greenhills, Ohio; physically is one of the best representations
of Howards vision. At Greenhills, onefinds an almost entirely
intact greenbelt surrounding the city, only a small amount of de-
velopment from the east has encroached on the greenbelt found at
Greenhills. Surrounding the
central business strip onefinds
a road that forms a concentricring around the center of the
city. This ring formation most
closely follows Howards dia-
grams of how the city should
be laid out. However, is close
as the physical form comes;
Greenhills still falls short of Ebenezer Howards vision. The agri-cultural portion of the plan has all been developed into houses, and
the industries never came full circle, leaving Greenhills short of its
sustainable goals. It currently exists as a residential neighborhood
with a small commercial strip in the middle.
4
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
8/19
Chapter Three:Future Development Principles
The purpose of this project was to take the ideas of Ebenezer
Howard, and apply them to the twenty-first century world that we
live in. Humans are consuming the worlds resources faster than ever
before. In the developed world it is rare tofind large, uncompro-
mised natural ecosystems outside of National Parks. Humans have
developed nearly half of the land in the United States into either
agricultural or urban developments.
Something must be done to stop this
vicious cycle of unchecked development
and sprawl; that if continued will no
doubtably destroy the world that we live
in. Since the halting of future develop-
ments is a futile task, we must change the
way that we develop in the future.
We need to design and build truly sustainable communities;that have minimal negative impacts on the land that they cover. The
incorporation of existing Green Technologies can help mitigate some
of the major urban problems found today. Humans need to create
communities where it is easier to utilize mass-transit than it is to
drive around town. And for those who demand to be able to drive
their own vehicles, we need to
offer them clean and efficientalternative energy vehicles;
such as electric, hydrogen, solar,
and compressed air powered
cars and trucks.
5
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
9/19
The incorporation of Green Technologies needs to be wide-
spread. Integrating green roofs, photo-voltaic solar panels, and grey
water reclamation systems can reduce operating costs significantly
for building owners. These are underutilized technologies that are
all currently available. Sustainable design goes much deeper than
energy use. The use of quickly renewable materials such as bamboo
hardwoodfloors, have become very popular recently, and this trend
needs to continue.
Alternative energy
cars are the way of the
future. Gas and diesel
powered vehicles pollute
our environment every
second of every day. The
emergence of electric and
other clean vehicles shows
promise for the future. These clean vehicles are much more energy ef-
ficient than the current gas and diesel models available. The top endelectric vehicles available today have an operating cost of only 2
per mile, which is far cheaper than the cost to operate a gas or die-
sel vehicle. These new electric vehicles can recharge in as low as 10
minutes and get
over one hundred
miles on a charge.
The question isnot why, but
when will we
make the switch
to electric cars?
6
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
10/19
Chapter Four:Garden Village, OH
The purpose of Garden Village is to blend the ideas of Ebenezer
Howard with the available technologies of today to create the model
city of the future. Garden Village encompasses roughly 1000 acres of
land, and would be home to 15-20,000 residents. Approximately 500
acres of the city are preserved as a continuous public greenbelt with
7
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
11/19
hiking and biking trails throughout. Garden Village is a pedestrian
oriented city with an extensive monorail system which makes per-
sonal vehicles a luxury, instead of the necessity that they are in the
current urban landscape.The city is of a symmetrical design. This is intentional for
several reasons. Thefirst being that with symmetry there is no
better or worse side of town. All four symmetrical parts of the
city are relatively the same besides the variety of architectural styles
that would be incorporated into thefinal design. Secondly, it is very
hard to get lost in a city that if one keeps going around the circle,
they eventually end up where they started. Thefive concentric ringroads, with four radiating out from the center create a very walkable
and connected community. There are no streets that are separated
from the rest of the city. Lastly, its physical form is a symbol of the
equality that this city stands for; not only social equality, but the
environmental balance that this community would demonstrate.
Garden Villages primary form of mass-transit is the electri-
cally powered monorail system which services 32 stations citywide.One would only have to walk up to 200 yards from any building to
reach one of the monorail stations.
This is half the distance that it has
been determined that people are
willing to walk to reach a transit
station. From any point A to any
point B, one would only have towalk a total of 400 yards to reach
their destination. This represents
a level of service that residents
would get very used to utilizing,
8
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
12/19
mainly because it would be more convenient than driving across this
small city and looking for a parking space.
Residents of Garden Village could work at one of the many
corporate businesses located within the city; or one could choose to bepart of the manual labor force at one of the electric vehicle factories.
These local industries of Garden Village would build electric trucks,
cars, scooters, and bikes. New residents could attend a 3-6 month
training program at the local vocational training center to get right
into the production line.
The industries of Garden Village
build electric vehicles because GardenVillage has an Emission Free Zone,
which encompasses the central neigh-
borhood. Gas and diesel vehicles would
be restricted from entering this area.
An immediate demand for these electric
vehicles would result so that residents
could drive around the center of the city. There would also be severalplaces for residents and visitors to rent an electric vehicle, for a very
affordable price, so that they could also experience the advantages of
owning an electric vehicles.
Residential options are plentiful in
Garden Village. The central ring road
has hundreds of condos and apartments
above thefirstfloor retail stores. Thesehigh density housing options help boost
the density at the city center. Condo
and apartment options can also be
found along the four roads radiating
9
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
13/19
out from the city center.
The second ring road consists of
all multi-family housing. These tightly
spaced houses have no driveways toencourage residents to walk and utilize
the mass-transit system. However,
these houses do have curbside parking
options for those who do have electric
vehicles. This density encourages ample
street activity and chance encounters.
The third ring road is a mix ofmulti and single-family housing op-
tions. These third ring houses each
have a driveway for residents to park
their vehicles, along with the curbside
parking. Connecting these two resi-
dential rings are eight radiating streets
with high density condo and apartmentoptions at each end. These high density
options help spread some of the affordable housing throughout the
main neighborhood.
The fourth ring road is thefirst
gas and diesel acceptable road. This is
the road where the largest single-family
residential options are located. This isfor those wealthy residents who would
like to bring their gasoline powered
Mercedes or Porsche to Garden Village.
They would not be able to drive these
10
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
14/19
gas powered vehicles to the towns center, but they would typically
be the residents that have enough money to also be able to purchase
an electric vehicle to cruise
around town in.Thefinal residential
options are the high density
options located adjacent to
the factories on thefifth
ring road. These are for the
factory workers so that they
wouldnt have to drive any-where to go to work. Facto-
ry managers would also live
in these residential options
to ensure that the factories are operated at the optimal performance
levels in both productivity and cleanliness.
The main municipal building is on the outskirts of town, but is
easily accessible by the monorail system. There are eight public build-ings located near the city center. These would be places for all kinds
of group to get together, like religious groups, gardening clubs, poker
tournaments, eco-friendly groups, etc. The other public buildings are
those buildings that house the medical facilities. The doctors would
have their own private practices, but the medical building would
have free public services that are available to all residents of Garden
Village.There are two schools clusters in Garden Village; one being the
Primary and Elementary Schools, and the other being the Middle and
High Schools. Each is easily accessed by the monorail system. This
system would teach kids to utilize the mass-transit system from a
11
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
15/19
young age. The schools are also located away from the main city for
security purposes. Also found in Garden Village is the fast-track
vocational training center to help new residents enter the electric
vehicle production line without having to spend 2 years getting aspecialized degree. This vocational school would also function as a
community college offering higher level courses in a variety of topics
for adult and life long learning.
The proposed site location is in Fayette County, Ohio. It is
near the intersection of I-71 and US-35. The existing connections to
the major urban areas in southeastern Ohio, along with the freight
railroad line that passes just to the east of the site are significantadvantages for the proposed Garden Village site.
Garden Village is not close to any existing major urban area to
exemplify the vast departure from current development strategies.
This city is going to be a current vision of a future world. Garden
Village will attract many tourist who are traveling on the local I-75
or US-35 who want to see what Garden Village is all about.
12
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
16/19
Chapter Five:Conclusion
13
Ebenezer Howard provided the vision of a better way to design
the cities in which we live, work, and play. Since his passing, new
technologies have become available to take his vision to an entirely
different level. Garden Village would represent ones of the most
progressive cities in the world, and be a model for development.
Many of the existing urban problems can be avoided by smart
developments. There are many aspects of society that cannot simplybe designed into the physical form of a city. However, the physical
form can be designed to create as much social equality and well being
as possible. Garden Village has also been designed to be a clean and
healthy place for families to raise their children.
Garden Village is designed to be able to hire anyone who would
like a job. The production line styled, electric vehicle industries could
hire those who currenty reside in major urban areas and are havingtroublefinding a job due to lower education levels. They could move
to Garden Village,find an affordable apartment, and start building
electric cars and scooters in a matter of months after attending the
vocational training center.
Garden Village represents a sustainable style of development
that not only offers a high quality of life for residents; but is also
environmentally friendly. Since urban sprawl is a phenomenon thatshows no signs of slowing up, we must make future developments as
energy efficient and environmentally conscious as possible. Mixing
the built and natural environments are the way of the future; and
Garden Village is a prime example of the possibilities of good design.
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
17/19
Chapter Six:Presentation Boards
14
The following boards were created as visual aids for thefinal
presentation of this project. Each board is 36 x 54 full size. They
have been reduced in size tofit in this report booklet.
The boards are as follows:
Board 1
IntroductionBoard 2
Master Plan
Board 3
Citywide Features
Board 4Village Statistics
Board 5
Land Use / Zoning
Board 6
Business Inventory
Board 7
Proposed Location
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
18/19
-
7/30/2019 Garden Village Booklet
19/19
Report Prepared By:
Graeme R. DaleyDAAP - Urban Planning