Garden Pathology/Pests
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Transcript of Garden Pathology/Pests
1
FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT - SOLUTION
NORTH HALF
Recommended – 3.0 lb. N
Fertilizer – 25-5-5
Garden size – ½ acre
43,560 sq. ft. per acre / 2 = 21,780 sq. ft.
21,780 sq. ft. / 1000 = 21.78 1000s
100% / 25% = 4 lb. fertilizer per lb. of N
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FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.)
3.0 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 4 lb. fert. per lb. N = 12 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.
12 lb. fert. X 21.78 1000s = 261.36 lb. fertilizer
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FERTILIZER ASSIGNMENT – SOLUTION (cont.)
SOUTH HALF
Recommended – 3.1 lb. N
Fertilizer – 10-10-10
Covering 21.78 1000s as in north half
100% / 10% = 10 lb. fert. per lb. N
3.1 lb. N per 1000 sq. ft. recommended x 10 lb. fert. per lb. N = 31 lb. fert. per 1000 sq. ft.
31 lb. fert. x 21.78 1000s = 675.18 lb. fertilizer
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PATHOLOGY & PESTS
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METHODS OF CONTROL• Resistant varieties• Mechanical controls• Organic controls• Chemical controls
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)
•Best combination of all methods
•As environmentally friendly as possible
•Economical
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RESISTANT VARIETIES
• ADVANTAGES– Little or no other control needed for that pest
• DISADVANTAGES– Resistant only to specific pests– Seed may be more expensive
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MECHANICAL CONTROLS
• Rotate plantings• Netting, exclosures• Picking insects• Water spray• Mechanical traps• Insect vacuums
• Diatomaceous earth• Clean up trash• Hoe weeds• Weed barriers• Insecticidal soaps• Horticultural oils
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MECHANICAL CONTROLS (cont.)
• ADVANTAGES– Often cheap– Environmentally friendly
• DISADVANTAGES– More attention– May not be as effective as chemical or organic
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ORGANIC CONTROLS
• Release of natural enemy of pest
• Lady bird beetle (lady bug) - aphids
• Preying mantis - other insects
• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - bacterial disease of insects
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ORGANIC CONTROLS (cont.)
• ADVANTAGES– Environmentally friendly– May last longer than chemicals
• DISADVANTAGES– May be expensive– May not be as quick or effective as chemical
controls
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CHEMICAL CONTROLS
• ADVANTAGES– Usually immediate– Sometimes specific to pest– Often quite effective
• DISADVANTAGES– Often expensive– Least environmentally friendly– May be dangerous to humans– Often kills other insects or plants besides pest– May be toxic to birds, animals, fish, etc.
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PESTICIDE SAFETY
• Homeowners are worst contaminators
• Latest label is the LAW– Violations may be costly & deadly
• Designed to be safe if THE LABEL IS FOLLOWED
• Exposures are cumulative
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PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.)
• Avenues of exposure:– Mouth– Breathing– Skin
• Hands, face & neck, groin
– Eyes
• USE THE REQUIRED SAFETY EQUIPMENT• If contaminated immediately flush w/ water,
shower, change clothes– See doctor immediately if symptoms occur
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PESTICIDE SAFETY (cont.)
• Always shower & change clothes after application
• Wash clothes separate
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Dermal (skin) absorption ratesScalp 3.7
Forehead 4.2Ear canal 5.4
Abdomen 2.1
Groin area 11.6
Forearm 1.0
Palm 1.3
Ball of foot 1.6
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PESTICIDE LABELS
• Brand Name
• Active Ingredients
• Type– Unclassified– Restricted Use
• Private Applicator Certification
• Commercial Applicator Certification
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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)
• Warning Statement– Caution - slightly or nontoxic– Warning - moderately likely to cause acute
illness– Danger - highly toxic
• May be accompanied by “POISON” & skull and crossbones if especially toxic
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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)
• Statement of practical treatment (first aid)• Hazards to humans & domestic animals• Allergic effects statement• Personal protective equipment
– This is a minimum
– BE SURE TO READ & FOLLOW
• Environmental hazards• Physical or chemical hazards
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PESTICIDE LABELS (cont.)
• Directions for use– Mixing levels - ILLEGAL TO EXCEED– Crops & weeds specified - CANNOT BE
USED ON OTHERS
• Entry statement
• Storage & disposal