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Transcript of Garden How Too
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
1/8
olorado M
olorado Ga
olorado
MG Gar
locaise
lock Styl
ster Garde
rdener Cert
tate Uni
enNotes
Styld Be
Outline:
Garden
ersm
Progr
ificate Trai
ersity Ext
#713
LayVe
Block styleSugges
Raised bedConstruGardeni
ayout
Block s
yields fi
for the
and is i
The bas
walkwa
long sinfollowe
Plant cr
betwee
For exa
3-inch c
this pla
inches acarrots
long tr
3 foot b
Designand any
easy to
walkwa
Limitin
soil co
dry gras
m
ing
ension
out ietab
arden layoued spacing,gardens, paction of a raing with raise
yle garden l
ve fold com
maller kitch
eal for raise
ic technique
ys by plantin
gle rows. Fowith a bloc
ps with an e
neighboring
ple, space
enters. It m
t layout as r
part across tithin the ro
aditional ro
y 2-foot bed.
the plantingdesired leng
reach into th
ys for plantin
foot traffic
paction. De
s clippings,
713-1
le G
, page 1page 2e 4ed bed gard
d beds, page
yout (also ca
ared to the tr
n garden ve
bed gardeni
used in close
vegetables
r example, plk of lettuce a
qual-distanc
plants in bot
carrot patch
y be easier t
nning rows
e bed, and tto 3 inches.
of carrots
[Figure 1]
eds to be 3 tth. This widt
growing be
g, weeding a
to the establi
sign walkwa
ood chips,
rden
en, page 57
lledclose-ro
aditional ro
etables. The
ng.
row, block p
in rectangula
ant a blocknd so forth d
space
h directions.
on 3-inch by
visualize
paced 3
inning theA 24-foot
ill fit into a
4 feet wideh makes it
from
nd harvestin
hed walkwa
s to 18-24 in
r other organ
s
or wide-ro
-style garde
compact des
lanting is to
r-shaped bed
f carrots nexwn the bed
.
ys between pl
ches wide.
ic mulch.
Figu
plantings) i
layout, and
ign reduces
liminate unn
or blocks in
to a block orea.
anting beds
ulch walkw
re 1. Carrots3-inch cent
ncrease
15-fold
eeding
ecessary
stead of
f beets,
educes
ays with
lanted onrs
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
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Sugg sted Spaci
As the
germin
After h
summer
Due to
well-dr
and freq
crowdin
Figure 2.to bottoSwiss chwide bereplantefills in thFigure 3.
gSugges
vegetab
reducin
improv
ooooo
oooooooooo
egetable foli
tion.
rvesting a ro
production.
he higher p
ined soil th
uent, light fe
g vegetables
Kitchen gard) spinach, assard. Note that. As a row offor continualspace.
Sample layo
ed spacing f
les: (Start wi
spacing wit
s in fertility
Beets: 4-6
Carrots: 2-
Celery: 7-
Garlic: 4-Kohlrabi:
Leeks: 4-6Lettuce, h
Lettuce, le
Onions, bu
Onions, dr
Parsnips:
Radishes:
Spinach: 4
Swiss char
Turnips: 4
713-2
age grows to
w of radishe
ant density,
t is rich in
rtilization to
; the reduced
en in block-styorted lettuce vrows run acro
lettuce is harvproduction or
t of kitchen g
or kitchen g
th the wider
h experience
and tilth.)
by 4-6"
3" by 2-3"
" by 7-9"
by 4-6"-9" by 7-9"
by 4-6"ad: l0-l2 by
af: 7-9" by 7
nching 2-3"
y: 4-6" by 4-
-6 by 5-6"
-3" by 2-3"
-6 by 4-6
d: 7-9 by 7-
-6by 4-6"
ether, the sh
, beets, lettu
block planti
rganic matt
nourish the d
air circulatio
le layout with (arieties) andss the four-fosted, it iseighboring cr
rden vegetabl
rden
pacings,
and as soil
10-12"
9"
by 2-3"
6
9
ade cast sup
e, or spinach
ngs require
er. Give extense plant p
n can increas
top
t
ps
es.
resses weed
, replant for
a weed-free,
a attention tpulation. A
e disease pro
ontinual
fertile,
wateringoid over-
blems.
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
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Other v
block p
Cole cr
Br
ca
by
pl
Corn
to
Fi
rec
p
m
ro
Sp
ro
wi
Eggpla
18
thr
fo
Pepper
inc
ac
be
Potatoe
12pl
wi
Figure 4.
Vine cr
ro
bl
ce
th
Trellisinc
bli
ro
inc
Beans
sin
bet
2 t
egetables su
lanting
ps (broccoli
ssels sprout
liflower)
18-inches', o
nts across a
Always plan
facilitate poll
e rows wide
ommended f
llen shower'
ximize kern
s wide is mi
ace at 12 by
s across tw
e beds.
t Space at
24 inches (o
ee plants acr
t wide bed).
Space at 1
hes (or three
oss a four-fo
).
s Space at
15 inches (onts across a
e box).
Sample bloc
ops (squash,
down the c
cks, several
ter of the bl
edge where
omatoes anreased air cir
ght. Space tr
, in a block
h spacings.
nd peas ma
gle or doubl
ween rows a
3 feet wide
713-3
ited to
, cabbage,
and
paced at 18
r three
-foot bed.
t in a block
ination.
is
or the best
' to
l set; three
nimum.
24 or four
, four-foot
18-24 by
r two or
ss a four-
5 by 15
plants
ot wide
12-15 by
r threeour-foot
-style garden
cantaloupes,
nter of a 4-f
rows wide.
ck and canta
they can be r
cucumberculation aro
ellised tomat
two to three
be easier to
rows, rather
nd 4 inches b
.
pumpkins, a
ot wide box
lace the wint
loupes, wate
eached for su
to save spacnd trellised t
oes a minim
eet wide. Pl
pick and are
than block s
etween plant
d watermelo
. They may
er squash an
melons, and
mmer harves
e and make homatoes help
m of 24 inch
nt cucumber
less disease-
yle planting.
s. Plant a do
ns) Place a
lso be plante
pumpkins i
summer squ
t.
arvest easier.s suppress to
es apart dow
s along a trel
rone if plant
Space bean
ble row do
single
d in larger
the
sh around
Themato
n a single
lis at 9-12
ed in
12 inches
n a block
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
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aised Be
Gardeni
Figure 5.with chaspinach,Becausedistributibed withpopulatihose is r
bed fourspacing.mulchedclippingsand contWood chmulchingwalkway
ng
Raisedfollowi
Higher
Reduce
Earlier
Frost p
Soil im
Archite
Accessi
Raised bed gd, lettuce varibeets, and onieven watern is needed f
a heavy plantn, the drip irri
un up and do
times on a 12The bed willwith dry grassto conserve
rol weeds in sips make an ematerial for th
s.
ed gardensg:
yields and l
unnecessary
row-path-ro
d soil comp
growing bed
planting
soil to warm
spring rains,
rotection protection. I
rovement
can concentr
organic mattgrowth, goo
ctural inter
landscape de
ble gardenin
mobility to
713-4
ardenties,ons.
r this
ationn the
inchese
atermmer.
xcellente
ith block st
ss area to w
walkways in
garden lay
ction Esta
, reducing so
he raised be
faster in the
allowing for
he block-styt can also be
The raised b
ate on soil i
er). In situatiplanting soi
st Raised
sign.
g The rais
arden.
le layout ha
eed The bl
reases yield
ut.
lished walk
il compactio
facilitates b
spring. Beds
early plantin
le layout is eshaded in th
ed is a clearl
provement t
ons where thl may be add
eds become
d bed is idea
e many adva
ck style lay
by five-fold
ays keep fo
.
tter runoff a
can be cover
g even in rai
sy to cover fhot summer
defined are
chniques, (e
e soil is poored to the box
an architectu
l for enablin
ntages, inclu
ut, eliminati
over the trad
t traffic off t
nd drainage
ed with plast
y years.
or spring and.
where the g
.g., the additi
, and limits p.
al feature of
persons wit
ing the
g
itional
he
llowing
ic during
fall frost
ardener
on of soil
lant
the
limited
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
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713-5
Constructing a Raised Bed Garden
Size A bed 4 feet wide is ideal for most vegetable crops, allowing the gardener to
reach the entire bed from the side without ever stepping on the soil in the growing
bed. Length can be whatever works for the space.
Tomatoes are well suited to a bed 24 to 36 inches wide, with one row of plants
down the middle. Beans and peas are easier to pick in a single or double row down
a bed rather than in the block-style planting. Here a bed 24 inches wide would be
ideal.
Depth / Height The height of the beds is generally of no consequence, assuming
that crops can root down into the soil below the bed. For most home garden
situations, the role of a raised bed is to define and separate the growing bed from
the walkway. Here a four-inch height would be adequate. Variations in heights(4, 6, 8, and 10) among different beds may help create an appealing landscape
feature.
In situations where the soil below is not suitable for crop growth, 8 to 12 inches of
soil is considered minimal. Deeper beds would make management easier.
To accommodate gardeners with special needs, bed height may be raised to
minimize bending or to allow gardening work from a chair or wheelchair. Plan
walkway space between beds wide enough to accommodate specialized equipment
or mobility.
For ease of irrigation, beds should be reasonably level, both across and lengthwise.
Orientation For frost protection, an east-west orientation has a slight advantage
of collecting heat. For summer crop growth, a north-south orientation has a slight
advantage of sunlight on both sides of the plant row each day. Because there is no
clear advantage, orient the beds in whatever direction work best for the landscape
design. Often beds are best arranged to be an appealing landscape feature of the
property.
Construction materials A simple way to construct a raised bed garden is to use
construction lumber (2 by 4s, 2 by 6s, 2 by 8s, and 2 by 10s). Untreated lumber
will last for several years, except in high salt areas or wet sites. Simply cut two
pieces the width of the bed (typically 4 feet) and two others to the desired bed
length. Using 3 to 4 inch decking screws, screw the corners together to make a
four-sided box. Place the box-like frame on the soil and fill.
Various landscaping timbers may also be used in like fashion. Cooper treated
lumber is safe for garden boxes. However, do not use railroad ties (creosote cancer
concerns) or CCA pressure treated lumber (removed from the market several yearsago due to arsenic concerns). Brick or other building materials may also be
suitable.
Raised beds may also be made without sides. Here, organic matter is mixed as the
garden is tilled. Walkways are dug down with the soil thrown up on the bed. Beds
are 4 feet wide at the base and three feet wide at the top. The entire bed is covered
with organic mulch like dry grass clippings to prevent soil erosion and reduce
compaction from rain and sprinkler irrigation. [Figure 6]
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7/30/2019 Garden How Too
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Figure 6.sides. Bbase anWalks wplaced o
Adding
the soil
double-
side of t
the exc
repeat t
When a
another
infiltrati
bed is d
the rem
In situat
sandy si
When pplantin
does nosoils an
be high
Raised bed geds are 4 feett
t3 feet widere dug down
n the beds.
soil In the
below the be
ig the beds.
he bed to the
vated side.
e process fo
ding soil, a
begins. This
on and slow
ifferent from
inder to avo
ions where t
de with 4-5
urchasing soisoil. Just b
t necessarilysoil amend
in salts.
Figure 7. A rplanted raisedgarden. Cornto left, kitchengarden in centstrawberry patright, tomatoin back with blplastic mulch.
Growing bedsmulched withclippings; woochips were usbetween beds
713-6
arden withoutwide at thet the top.ith soil
typical garde
, it is best t
Indouble-di
other side o
eturn the soi
r the other si
oid creating
creates a lin
, or even sto
the soil belo
id a distinct l
e entire root
organic mat
l, be aware tcause it is c
mean that it ients are pre
centlybedboxes
er,ch onatchack
arerass
ded.
n setting wh
use similar
gging, the to
the bed. Mi
l to the top,
e of the bed.
a situation w
between soi
s, root penet
, mix some
ine of chang
ing zone will
ter would be
at there is nmmercially
s good for gpared with c
re crop roots
oils. It may
p 6 inches of
x organic ma
ixing in org
here one type
l types that i
ration. If the
of the two to
.
be in the rai
preferred.
legal definitvailable in b
rdening. Mampost made
will spread
be beneficial
soil is move
tter into the s
anic matter.
of soil ends
pedes wate
soil being a
ether before
ed bed, a soi
ion of topsoilk or sold in
ny bagged anwith manure
own into
to
from one
oil below
Then
and
and air
ded to the
adding
l on the
l orbags,
d bulkand may
-
7/30/2019 Garden How Too
7/8
ardening i
a Raised ed
Due to t
more fr
routine
fertiliza
Soil M
Mulchi
tempera
inche
clippin
weeks a
beds. T
traffic.
interfer
the to th
Wateri
is rather
Alterna
hose. S
diseaseIrrigati
As a po
It does
it is mo
compar
Raised
soaker
Frost p
easy to
plantin
he high plant
quent irrigat
applications
tion, refer to
nagement a
ng Mulch
tures. Grass
s thick). All
s from lawn
fter applicati
hree to four i
However, do
with seedbe
e CMG Gar
g a raised b
easy and in
ively, simpl
prinkler irrig
problems. Fng the Vege
int of clarific
equire more
e efficient re
d to the larg
eds become
oses on time
rotection
over for pro
.
Figure 8. Froprotection covadds two to siweeks to theseason.
713-7
population,
ion and fertil
f organic m
the various
d Fertilizat
eds to contr
clippings ma
w each laye
treated with
n. Wood/b
nches of chi
NOT mix w
d preparatio
enNotes #71
ed Drip irr
xpensive to
move a gar
ation is also
r details on iable Garde
ation, raised
frequent irri
sulting in hi
r areas wate
even more e
rs.
n advantage
tection from
teringx plusrowing
raised beds r
ization. Con
tter. For detMG Garden
ion.
l weeds, con
ke great mul
to dry betw
weed killers
rk chips are
s will minim
od/bark chi
. For additi
5, Mulches f
igation is we
dd a water t
en hose in tu
uitable, but l
rrigation, ref
.
ed gardenin
ation due to
her yields fo
red in traditi
ficient when
of raised be
springs rains
quire better
entrate on i
ails on soil iotes #711,
serve soil mo
h when appl
en applicati
or other pesti
reat for mul
ize the comp
s into the gr
nal informati
or the Veget
ll suited to ra
p at the end
rn to each bo
ess desirable
er the CMG
is a water c
the higher pl
r the amount
nal row-wal
watered with
, block style
and frost, all
han average
proving soil
provementegetable G
isture, and re
ied in thin la
ns. Do not u
cides for at l
hing betwee
action forces
wing bed, it
on on mulch
able Garden
ised bed gard
f each box.
x and connec
due to poten
ardenNotes
nservation t
nt density.
of water appl
way-row cul
drip irrigati
layout is that
wing for ear
soils, and
s with
ndrden:
gulate soil
ers (up to
se
ast four
n the
of foot
will
ing, refer
.
ening. It
t the drip
ial
#714,
chnique.
owever,
ied
ture.
n or
the bed is
ly
-
7/30/2019 Garden How Too
8/8
713-8
This picture illustrates a Quonset-type cold frame covering made of concrete
reinforcing mesh covered with plastic. This style of frost protection adds two to
six plus weeks on both ends of the growing season for cool season vegetables.Any type of covering must be opened during the day to prevent overheating. For
details on frost protection techniques, refer to the CMG GardenNotes #722, Frost
Protection and Extending the Growing Season.
Additional Information CMG GardenNotes on vegetable gardening:
#711 Vegetable Garden: Soil Management #718 Tomato Early Blightand Fertilization #719 Vegetable Garden Hints
#712 Sample Vegetable Garden Seed Catalogs #720 Vegetable Planting Guide
#713 Block Style Layout in Raised Bed #721 Sample Planting for Raised-Bed Garden
Vegetable Gardens #722 Frost Protection and Extending the
#714 Irrigating the Vegetable Garden Growing Season
#715 Mulches for the Vegetable Garden #723 Growing Vegetables in a Hobby Greenhouse
#716 Water Conservation in the Vegetable Garden #723 Vegetable Gardening in Containers
#717 Growing Tomatoes
Authors: David Whiting, Carol OMeara, and Carl Wilson; Colorado State University Extension. Artwork by David
Whiting.o Colorado Master Gardener GardenNotesare available on-line at www.cmg.colostate.edu.o Colorado Master Gardener training is made possible, in part, by a grant from the Colorado Garden Show, Inc.o Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating.o Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.o No endorsement of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of
products not mentioned.o Copyright 2003-2012. Colorado State University Extension. All Rights Reserved.
CMG GardenNotesmay be reproduced, without change or additions, for non-profiteducational use.
Revised January 2012