Garden How Too

download Garden How Too

of 8

Transcript of Garden How Too

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    1/8

    olorado M

    olorado Ga

    olorado

    MG Gar

    locaise

    lock Styl

    ster Garde

    rdener Cert

    tate Uni

    enNotes

    Styld Be

    Outline:

    Garden

    ersm

    Progr

    ificate Trai

    ersity Ext

    #713

    LayVe

    Block styleSugges

    Raised bedConstruGardeni

    ayout

    Block s

    yields fi

    for the

    and is i

    The bas

    walkwa

    long sinfollowe

    Plant cr

    betwee

    For exa

    3-inch c

    this pla

    inches acarrots

    long tr

    3 foot b

    Designand any

    easy to

    walkwa

    Limitin

    soil co

    dry gras

    m

    ing

    ension

    out ietab

    arden layoued spacing,gardens, paction of a raing with raise

    yle garden l

    ve fold com

    maller kitch

    eal for raise

    ic technique

    ys by plantin

    gle rows. Fowith a bloc

    ps with an e

    neighboring

    ple, space

    enters. It m

    t layout as r

    part across tithin the ro

    aditional ro

    y 2-foot bed.

    the plantingdesired leng

    reach into th

    ys for plantin

    foot traffic

    paction. De

    s clippings,

    713-1

    le G

    , page 1page 2e 4ed bed gard

    d beds, page

    yout (also ca

    ared to the tr

    n garden ve

    bed gardeni

    used in close

    vegetables

    r example, plk of lettuce a

    qual-distanc

    plants in bot

    carrot patch

    y be easier t

    nning rows

    e bed, and tto 3 inches.

    of carrots

    [Figure 1]

    eds to be 3 tth. This widt

    growing be

    g, weeding a

    to the establi

    sign walkwa

    ood chips,

    rden

    en, page 57

    lledclose-ro

    aditional ro

    etables. The

    ng.

    row, block p

    in rectangula

    ant a blocknd so forth d

    space

    h directions.

    on 3-inch by

    visualize

    paced 3

    inning theA 24-foot

    ill fit into a

    4 feet wideh makes it

    from

    nd harvestin

    hed walkwa

    s to 18-24 in

    r other organ

    s

    or wide-ro

    -style garde

    compact des

    lanting is to

    r-shaped bed

    f carrots nexwn the bed

    .

    ys between pl

    ches wide.

    ic mulch.

    Figu

    plantings) i

    layout, and

    ign reduces

    liminate unn

    or blocks in

    to a block orea.

    anting beds

    ulch walkw

    re 1. Carrots3-inch cent

    ncrease

    15-fold

    eeding

    ecessary

    stead of

    f beets,

    educes

    ays with

    lanted onrs

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    2/8

    Sugg sted Spaci

    As the

    germin

    After h

    summer

    Due to

    well-dr

    and freq

    crowdin

    Figure 2.to bottoSwiss chwide bereplantefills in thFigure 3.

    gSugges

    vegetab

    reducin

    improv

    ooooo

    oooooooooo

    egetable foli

    tion.

    rvesting a ro

    production.

    he higher p

    ined soil th

    uent, light fe

    g vegetables

    Kitchen gard) spinach, assard. Note that. As a row offor continualspace.

    Sample layo

    ed spacing f

    les: (Start wi

    spacing wit

    s in fertility

    Beets: 4-6

    Carrots: 2-

    Celery: 7-

    Garlic: 4-Kohlrabi:

    Leeks: 4-6Lettuce, h

    Lettuce, le

    Onions, bu

    Onions, dr

    Parsnips:

    Radishes:

    Spinach: 4

    Swiss char

    Turnips: 4

    713-2

    age grows to

    w of radishe

    ant density,

    t is rich in

    rtilization to

    ; the reduced

    en in block-styorted lettuce vrows run acro

    lettuce is harvproduction or

    t of kitchen g

    or kitchen g

    th the wider

    h experience

    and tilth.)

    by 4-6"

    3" by 2-3"

    " by 7-9"

    by 4-6"-9" by 7-9"

    by 4-6"ad: l0-l2 by

    af: 7-9" by 7

    nching 2-3"

    y: 4-6" by 4-

    -6 by 5-6"

    -3" by 2-3"

    -6 by 4-6

    d: 7-9 by 7-

    -6by 4-6"

    ether, the sh

    , beets, lettu

    block planti

    rganic matt

    nourish the d

    air circulatio

    le layout with (arieties) andss the four-fosted, it iseighboring cr

    rden vegetabl

    rden

    pacings,

    and as soil

    10-12"

    9"

    by 2-3"

    6

    9

    ade cast sup

    e, or spinach

    ngs require

    er. Give extense plant p

    n can increas

    top

    t

    ps

    es.

    resses weed

    , replant for

    a weed-free,

    a attention tpulation. A

    e disease pro

    ontinual

    fertile,

    wateringoid over-

    blems.

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    3/8

    Other v

    block p

    Cole cr

    Br

    ca

    by

    pl

    Corn

    to

    Fi

    rec

    p

    m

    ro

    Sp

    ro

    wi

    Eggpla

    18

    thr

    fo

    Pepper

    inc

    ac

    be

    Potatoe

    12pl

    wi

    Figure 4.

    Vine cr

    ro

    bl

    ce

    th

    Trellisinc

    bli

    ro

    inc

    Beans

    sin

    bet

    2 t

    egetables su

    lanting

    ps (broccoli

    ssels sprout

    liflower)

    18-inches', o

    nts across a

    Always plan

    facilitate poll

    e rows wide

    ommended f

    llen shower'

    ximize kern

    s wide is mi

    ace at 12 by

    s across tw

    e beds.

    t Space at

    24 inches (o

    ee plants acr

    t wide bed).

    Space at 1

    hes (or three

    oss a four-fo

    ).

    s Space at

    15 inches (onts across a

    e box).

    Sample bloc

    ops (squash,

    down the c

    cks, several

    ter of the bl

    edge where

    omatoes anreased air cir

    ght. Space tr

    , in a block

    h spacings.

    nd peas ma

    gle or doubl

    ween rows a

    3 feet wide

    713-3

    ited to

    , cabbage,

    and

    paced at 18

    r three

    -foot bed.

    t in a block

    ination.

    is

    or the best

    ' to

    l set; three

    nimum.

    24 or four

    , four-foot

    18-24 by

    r two or

    ss a four-

    5 by 15

    plants

    ot wide

    12-15 by

    r threeour-foot

    -style garden

    cantaloupes,

    nter of a 4-f

    rows wide.

    ck and canta

    they can be r

    cucumberculation aro

    ellised tomat

    two to three

    be easier to

    rows, rather

    nd 4 inches b

    .

    pumpkins, a

    ot wide box

    lace the wint

    loupes, wate

    eached for su

    to save spacnd trellised t

    oes a minim

    eet wide. Pl

    pick and are

    than block s

    etween plant

    d watermelo

    . They may

    er squash an

    melons, and

    mmer harves

    e and make homatoes help

    m of 24 inch

    nt cucumber

    less disease-

    yle planting.

    s. Plant a do

    ns) Place a

    lso be plante

    pumpkins i

    summer squ

    t.

    arvest easier.s suppress to

    es apart dow

    s along a trel

    rone if plant

    Space bean

    ble row do

    single

    d in larger

    the

    sh around

    Themato

    n a single

    lis at 9-12

    ed in

    12 inches

    n a block

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    4/8

    aised Be

    Gardeni

    Figure 5.with chaspinach,Becausedistributibed withpopulatihose is r

    bed fourspacing.mulchedclippingsand contWood chmulchingwalkway

    ng

    Raisedfollowi

    Higher

    Reduce

    Earlier

    Frost p

    Soil im

    Archite

    Accessi

    Raised bed gd, lettuce varibeets, and onieven watern is needed f

    a heavy plantn, the drip irri

    un up and do

    times on a 12The bed willwith dry grassto conserve

    rol weeds in sips make an ematerial for th

    s.

    ed gardensg:

    yields and l

    unnecessary

    row-path-ro

    d soil comp

    growing bed

    planting

    soil to warm

    spring rains,

    rotection protection. I

    rovement

    can concentr

    organic mattgrowth, goo

    ctural inter

    landscape de

    ble gardenin

    mobility to

    713-4

    ardenties,ons.

    r this

    ationn the

    inchese

    atermmer.

    xcellente

    ith block st

    ss area to w

    walkways in

    garden lay

    ction Esta

    , reducing so

    he raised be

    faster in the

    allowing for

    he block-styt can also be

    The raised b

    ate on soil i

    er). In situatiplanting soi

    st Raised

    sign.

    g The rais

    arden.

    le layout ha

    eed The bl

    reases yield

    ut.

    lished walk

    il compactio

    facilitates b

    spring. Beds

    early plantin

    le layout is eshaded in th

    ed is a clearl

    provement t

    ons where thl may be add

    eds become

    d bed is idea

    e many adva

    ck style lay

    by five-fold

    ays keep fo

    .

    tter runoff a

    can be cover

    g even in rai

    sy to cover fhot summer

    defined are

    chniques, (e

    e soil is poored to the box

    an architectu

    l for enablin

    ntages, inclu

    ut, eliminati

    over the trad

    t traffic off t

    nd drainage

    ed with plast

    y years.

    or spring and.

    where the g

    .g., the additi

    , and limits p.

    al feature of

    persons wit

    ing the

    g

    itional

    he

    llowing

    ic during

    fall frost

    ardener

    on of soil

    lant

    the

    limited

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    5/8

    713-5

    Constructing a Raised Bed Garden

    Size A bed 4 feet wide is ideal for most vegetable crops, allowing the gardener to

    reach the entire bed from the side without ever stepping on the soil in the growing

    bed. Length can be whatever works for the space.

    Tomatoes are well suited to a bed 24 to 36 inches wide, with one row of plants

    down the middle. Beans and peas are easier to pick in a single or double row down

    a bed rather than in the block-style planting. Here a bed 24 inches wide would be

    ideal.

    Depth / Height The height of the beds is generally of no consequence, assuming

    that crops can root down into the soil below the bed. For most home garden

    situations, the role of a raised bed is to define and separate the growing bed from

    the walkway. Here a four-inch height would be adequate. Variations in heights(4, 6, 8, and 10) among different beds may help create an appealing landscape

    feature.

    In situations where the soil below is not suitable for crop growth, 8 to 12 inches of

    soil is considered minimal. Deeper beds would make management easier.

    To accommodate gardeners with special needs, bed height may be raised to

    minimize bending or to allow gardening work from a chair or wheelchair. Plan

    walkway space between beds wide enough to accommodate specialized equipment

    or mobility.

    For ease of irrigation, beds should be reasonably level, both across and lengthwise.

    Orientation For frost protection, an east-west orientation has a slight advantage

    of collecting heat. For summer crop growth, a north-south orientation has a slight

    advantage of sunlight on both sides of the plant row each day. Because there is no

    clear advantage, orient the beds in whatever direction work best for the landscape

    design. Often beds are best arranged to be an appealing landscape feature of the

    property.

    Construction materials A simple way to construct a raised bed garden is to use

    construction lumber (2 by 4s, 2 by 6s, 2 by 8s, and 2 by 10s). Untreated lumber

    will last for several years, except in high salt areas or wet sites. Simply cut two

    pieces the width of the bed (typically 4 feet) and two others to the desired bed

    length. Using 3 to 4 inch decking screws, screw the corners together to make a

    four-sided box. Place the box-like frame on the soil and fill.

    Various landscaping timbers may also be used in like fashion. Cooper treated

    lumber is safe for garden boxes. However, do not use railroad ties (creosote cancer

    concerns) or CCA pressure treated lumber (removed from the market several yearsago due to arsenic concerns). Brick or other building materials may also be

    suitable.

    Raised beds may also be made without sides. Here, organic matter is mixed as the

    garden is tilled. Walkways are dug down with the soil thrown up on the bed. Beds

    are 4 feet wide at the base and three feet wide at the top. The entire bed is covered

    with organic mulch like dry grass clippings to prevent soil erosion and reduce

    compaction from rain and sprinkler irrigation. [Figure 6]

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    6/8

    Figure 6.sides. Bbase anWalks wplaced o

    Adding

    the soil

    double-

    side of t

    the exc

    repeat t

    When a

    another

    infiltrati

    bed is d

    the rem

    In situat

    sandy si

    When pplantin

    does nosoils an

    be high

    Raised bed geds are 4 feett

    t3 feet widere dug down

    n the beds.

    soil In the

    below the be

    ig the beds.

    he bed to the

    vated side.

    e process fo

    ding soil, a

    begins. This

    on and slow

    ifferent from

    inder to avo

    ions where t

    de with 4-5

    urchasing soisoil. Just b

    t necessarilysoil amend

    in salts.

    Figure 7. A rplanted raisedgarden. Cornto left, kitchengarden in centstrawberry patright, tomatoin back with blplastic mulch.

    Growing bedsmulched withclippings; woochips were usbetween beds

    713-6

    arden withoutwide at thet the top.ith soil

    typical garde

    , it is best t

    Indouble-di

    other side o

    eturn the soi

    r the other si

    oid creating

    creates a lin

    , or even sto

    the soil belo

    id a distinct l

    e entire root

    organic mat

    l, be aware tcause it is c

    mean that it ients are pre

    centlybedboxes

    er,ch onatchack

    arerass

    ded.

    n setting wh

    use similar

    gging, the to

    the bed. Mi

    l to the top,

    e of the bed.

    a situation w

    between soi

    s, root penet

    , mix some

    ine of chang

    ing zone will

    ter would be

    at there is nmmercially

    s good for gpared with c

    re crop roots

    oils. It may

    p 6 inches of

    x organic ma

    ixing in org

    here one type

    l types that i

    ration. If the

    of the two to

    .

    be in the rai

    preferred.

    legal definitvailable in b

    rdening. Mampost made

    will spread

    be beneficial

    soil is move

    tter into the s

    anic matter.

    of soil ends

    pedes wate

    soil being a

    ether before

    ed bed, a soi

    ion of topsoilk or sold in

    ny bagged anwith manure

    own into

    to

    from one

    oil below

    Then

    and

    and air

    ded to the

    adding

    l on the

    l orbags,

    d bulkand may

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    7/8

    ardening i

    a Raised ed

    Due to t

    more fr

    routine

    fertiliza

    Soil M

    Mulchi

    tempera

    inche

    clippin

    weeks a

    beds. T

    traffic.

    interfer

    the to th

    Wateri

    is rather

    Alterna

    hose. S

    diseaseIrrigati

    As a po

    It does

    it is mo

    compar

    Raised

    soaker

    Frost p

    easy to

    plantin

    he high plant

    quent irrigat

    applications

    tion, refer to

    nagement a

    ng Mulch

    tures. Grass

    s thick). All

    s from lawn

    fter applicati

    hree to four i

    However, do

    with seedbe

    e CMG Gar

    g a raised b

    easy and in

    ively, simpl

    prinkler irrig

    problems. Fng the Vege

    int of clarific

    equire more

    e efficient re

    d to the larg

    eds become

    oses on time

    rotection

    over for pro

    .

    Figure 8. Froprotection covadds two to siweeks to theseason.

    713-7

    population,

    ion and fertil

    f organic m

    the various

    d Fertilizat

    eds to contr

    clippings ma

    w each laye

    treated with

    n. Wood/b

    nches of chi

    NOT mix w

    d preparatio

    enNotes #71

    ed Drip irr

    xpensive to

    move a gar

    ation is also

    r details on iable Garde

    ation, raised

    frequent irri

    sulting in hi

    r areas wate

    even more e

    rs.

    n advantage

    tection from

    teringx plusrowing

    raised beds r

    ization. Con

    tter. For detMG Garden

    ion.

    l weeds, con

    ke great mul

    to dry betw

    weed killers

    rk chips are

    s will minim

    od/bark chi

    . For additi

    5, Mulches f

    igation is we

    dd a water t

    en hose in tu

    uitable, but l

    rrigation, ref

    .

    ed gardenin

    ation due to

    her yields fo

    red in traditi

    ficient when

    of raised be

    springs rains

    quire better

    entrate on i

    ails on soil iotes #711,

    serve soil mo

    h when appl

    en applicati

    or other pesti

    reat for mul

    ize the comp

    s into the gr

    nal informati

    or the Veget

    ll suited to ra

    p at the end

    rn to each bo

    ess desirable

    er the CMG

    is a water c

    the higher pl

    r the amount

    nal row-wal

    watered with

    , block style

    and frost, all

    han average

    proving soil

    provementegetable G

    isture, and re

    ied in thin la

    ns. Do not u

    cides for at l

    hing betwee

    action forces

    wing bed, it

    on on mulch

    able Garden

    ised bed gard

    f each box.

    x and connec

    due to poten

    ardenNotes

    nservation t

    nt density.

    of water appl

    way-row cul

    drip irrigati

    layout is that

    wing for ear

    soils, and

    s with

    ndrden:

    gulate soil

    ers (up to

    se

    ast four

    n the

    of foot

    will

    ing, refer

    .

    ening. It

    t the drip

    ial

    #714,

    chnique.

    owever,

    ied

    ture.

    n or

    the bed is

    ly

  • 7/30/2019 Garden How Too

    8/8

    713-8

    This picture illustrates a Quonset-type cold frame covering made of concrete

    reinforcing mesh covered with plastic. This style of frost protection adds two to

    six plus weeks on both ends of the growing season for cool season vegetables.Any type of covering must be opened during the day to prevent overheating. For

    details on frost protection techniques, refer to the CMG GardenNotes #722, Frost

    Protection and Extending the Growing Season.

    Additional Information CMG GardenNotes on vegetable gardening:

    #711 Vegetable Garden: Soil Management #718 Tomato Early Blightand Fertilization #719 Vegetable Garden Hints

    #712 Sample Vegetable Garden Seed Catalogs #720 Vegetable Planting Guide

    #713 Block Style Layout in Raised Bed #721 Sample Planting for Raised-Bed Garden

    Vegetable Gardens #722 Frost Protection and Extending the

    #714 Irrigating the Vegetable Garden Growing Season

    #715 Mulches for the Vegetable Garden #723 Growing Vegetables in a Hobby Greenhouse

    #716 Water Conservation in the Vegetable Garden #723 Vegetable Gardening in Containers

    #717 Growing Tomatoes

    Authors: David Whiting, Carol OMeara, and Carl Wilson; Colorado State University Extension. Artwork by David

    Whiting.o Colorado Master Gardener GardenNotesare available on-line at www.cmg.colostate.edu.o Colorado Master Gardener training is made possible, in part, by a grant from the Colorado Garden Show, Inc.o Colorado State University, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating.o Extension programs are available to all without discrimination.o No endorsement of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of

    products not mentioned.o Copyright 2003-2012. Colorado State University Extension. All Rights Reserved.

    CMG GardenNotesmay be reproduced, without change or additions, for non-profiteducational use.

    Revised January 2012