Garbage bin decision making

Decision making

0 What is Decision making?

0 identifying and choosing alternative solutions that lead to a desired state of affairs

0 It the process of examining your possibilities, options, comparing them and choosing a course of action.

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Types

Decision can be either programmed or non programmed.

0 Programmed : decisions that are simple and routine and have a pre established decision making plan.

0 Non programmed : decisions that are new and complicated and require thought and creativity.

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Factors effecting decision making

0 Perception – “know before you make.”

0 Priority – without knowing what you want there cant be any decision made about.

0 Acceptability – accept whether its hard or easy if you think your decision is correct.

0 Demands – make sure that no one gets hurt by your decision.

0 Style – don’t be outdated.

0 Resources – make your way with what is available. don’t ask for more in the region of scarcity.

0 Judgment – go on with the correct decision.

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Garbage Can Model

0 In 1972, as a NSF-SSRC post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University, Dr. Michael D. Cohen worked with James G. March and visiting professor Johan Olsen from the University of Bergen.

0 Together they published the paper; A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.

0 The paper, since frequently cited, describes a model which disconnects problems, solutions and decision makers from each other.

0 This was a novel approach compared to traditional decision theory.

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Garbage Can Model - a theory that contends that decisions in

organizations are random andunsystematic

0 Extremely organic environments

0 Pattern or flow of multiple decisions

0 Think of the whole organization

0 Explain decision making in high uncertainty

Problems

Solutions

ChoiceopportunitiesParticipants

Garbage Can Model

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Garbage Can Model

0 Three Causes

0 Problematic preferences

0 Unclear, poorly understood technology

0 Turnover

0 Streams of events instead of defined problems and solutions

0 Problems

0 Potential solutions

0 Participants

0 Choice opportunities

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Garbage Can Theory

0 The garbage-can theory adds that an organization "is acollection of choices looking for problems, issues and feelingslooking for decision situations in which they might be aired,solutions looking for issues to which they might be theanswer, and decision makers looking for work".

0 Problems, solutions, participants, and choice opportunitiesflow in and out of a garbage can, and which problems getattached to solutions is largely due to chance.

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Illustration of Independent Streams of Events in the Garbage Can Model of Decision-Making

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

Consequences of the Garbage Can Model

1. Solutions may be proposed even when problems do not exist

2. Choices are made without solving problems

3. Problems may persist without being solved

4. A few problems are solved

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU

leaders can make a difference in the "garbage can" by:

0 carefully timing issue creation

0 being sensitive to shifting interests and involvement of participants

0 recognizing the status and power implications

of choice situations

0 abandoning initiatives that get hopeless

entangled with others

0 realize the planning is largely symbolic and an excuse for interaction

SAJNA FATHIMA,SMBS,MGU