Gandhi PPT Notes
Transcript of Gandhi PPT Notes
Gandhi
Question
• How can people with very little power end the injustice that they face?
Gandhi in South Africa
• Gandhi spent 20 years in S. Africa trying to change the laws that discriminated against Indians there
• His ideas on nonviolent action developed there
Gandhi Quote
• “The British want us to put the struggle on the plane of machine guns. Our only assurance of beating them is to keep it where we have the weapons and they have not.”
World War I
• Indian nationalists increased their demand for freedom
• In 1919 the British invoked harsh new laws, such as banning public gatherings
Amritsar Massacre
• April 13, 1919• 10,000 Indians
gathered • General Dyer
ordered his troops to open fire
• 379 dead, 1,100 wounded
Gandhi united Indians of different classes behind the cause of independence from
Britain
Satragraha, or “Truth Force”
• Gandhi’s principles of nonviolent resistance
• The goal was to “convert the wrongdoer” by showing him the brutality of his actions.
What influenced Gandhi?
• Hinduism: nonviolence and respect for life
• Christianity: love, even for one’s enemies
• Henry David Thoreau: civil disobedience
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to obey unjust laws
Gandhi’s Appeal
• Gave up western ways
• Encouraged traditional Indian industries (cotton)
• Lived simply
Gandhi’s Appeal
• Gandhi rejected the caste system
• And he reached out to Muslims
Campaign of Civil Disobedience
• Boycott of British made goods - 1920’s
• Salt March - 1930
• British responded with force
World War II
• Indians did not want to fight for Britain
• “Quit India Movement” - Indians followed a policy of non-cooperation with the British
• 20,000 arrested
As independence approached, divisions grew between
Hindus and Muslims• Hindu Congress
Party• Muslim League
• The British encouraged the conflict
Muhammad Ali Jinnah demanded a separate Muslim
Nation• Indian
Independence Act of 1947
Ended British rule
Created India and Pakistan
Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister of India
Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Governor General of
Pakistan
Partition led to an explosion of violence
• 500,000 people died.
• 15 million people took part in a mass migration between India and Pakistan.
Gandhi was killed by a Hindu Extremist in January, 1948.