Gamma–Ray Bursts, Massive Cores and Particle Physics Remo Ruffini Dipartimento di Fisica –...
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Transcript of Gamma–Ray Bursts, Massive Cores and Particle Physics Remo Ruffini Dipartimento di Fisica –...
Gamma–Ray Bursts, Massive Cores and Particle Physics
Remo Ruffini
Dipartimento di Fisica – Università di Roma “La Sapienza”ICRANet – Pescara
ICRANet – Nice Sofia Antipolis
Taipei, May 28th 2008
Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner:
the fissionof Uranium
Heisenberg – Euler – Schwinger
Ec = m2c3/(e) Z
c ~ 1
V.S. Popov
V.S. Popov, Yad. Fiz. 12 (1970) 429 [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 12 (1971) 235].V.S. Popov, Zhetf Pis. Red. 11 (1970) 254 [JETP Lett. 11 (1970) 162].V.S. Popov, Zh. Eksp. Theor Fiz. 59 (1970) 965 [Sov. Phys. JEPT 32 (1971) 526].V.S. Popov, Zh. Eksp. Theor Fiz. 60 (1971) 1228 [Sov. Phys. JEPT 33 (1971) 665].Y.B. Zel'dovich, V.S. Popov, Sov. Phys. USPEKHI 14 (1972) 673.M.S. Marinov, V.S. Popov, Pis'ma v ZhETF 17 (1973) 511 [JETP Lett. 17, (1973) 368 ].S.S. Gershtein, V.S. Popov, Lett. Nuovo Cim. 6, (1973).V.S. Popov, ZhETF 18 (1973) 53 [ZhETF 65 (1973) 35].V.S. Popov, Yad. Fiz. 64, (2001) 421 [Phys. Atomic Nuclei, 64 (2001) 367].V.S. Popov, Yad. Fiz. 14 (1971) 458 [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 14 (1972) 257].A.B. Migdal, A.M. Peremolov, V.S. Popov, Yad. Fis. 14 (1971) 874 [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 14 (1972) 488].A.M. Peremolov, V.S. Popov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 61 (1971) 1743 [Sov. Phys. JETP 34 (1972) 928].
Zc > 173
W. Greiner
B. Müller, W. Greiner, Z. Naturforsch 31a (1976) 1.J.S. Greening, W. Greiner, Physics Today, August 1992.J. Reinhardt, W. Greiner, Rep. Prog. Phys. 40 (1977) 219.B. Müller, J. Rafelski, W. Greiner, Z. Phys. 257 (1972) 62;B. Müller, J. Rafelski, W. Greiner, Z. Phys. 257 (1972) 183.J. Rafelski, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Phys. Lett. B47 (1973) 5.K. Rumrich, G. Soff, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev A47 (1993) 215.J. Rafelski, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Z. Phys. A285 (1978) 49.G. Soff, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40 (1978) 540.J. Reinhardt, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. A24 (1981) 103.B. Müller, R. Kent-Smith, W.~ reiner, Phys. Lett. B49 (1974) 219.B. Müller, J. Reinhardt, W. Greiner, G. Soff, Z. Phys. A311 (1983) 151.J. Reinhardt, U. Müller, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Z. Phys. A303 (1981) 173.P. Gärtner, J. Reinhardt, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Phys. Lett. B95 (1980) 181.G. Soff, P. Schlüter, B. Müller, W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 (1982) 1465.W. Greiner, J. Reinhardt, “Quantum Electrodynamics”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1992.O. Graf, J. Reinhardt, B. Müller, W. Greiner, G. Soff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1981) 2831.W. Greiner, J. Reinhardt, in Quantum Aspects of Beam Physics, P. Chen Ed., World Scientific 1998.K. Rumrich, K. Momberger, G. Soff, W. Greiner, N. Grün, W. Scheid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2613. T. de Reus, U. Müller, J. Reinhardt, P. Schlüter, K.H. Wietschorke, B. Müller, W. Greiner, G. Soff, in Proc. of NASI Conference, Lahnstein/Rhein, W. Greiner Ed., Plenum, New York, 1981.
Zc > 173
Thermonuclear energy of the Sun
J. Perrin & A. Eddington (1920)
G. Gamow & F. Houtermans (1928)
R. Atkinson & F. Houtermans (1929)
H. Bethe (1939)
Pulsars and Neutron stars rotational energy
Chinese, Japanese, Korean astronomers(1054 A.D.)
R. Oppenheimer & R. Volkoff (1939)
J. Bell & T. Hewish (1967)
A. Finzi & R. Wolf (1968)
Introducing the “Black Hole”
Gravitational accretion energy vs. nuclear binding energy
Nuclear Binding Energy per Nucleon
FUSION FISSION
The “Uhuru” satellite
Accretion Energy.The identification of the
first black hole:Cygnus X-1
• = 1037 erg/s = 104 L
= 0.01(dm/dt)accc2
• Absence of pulsation due to the uniqueness of Kerr-Newman metric
• M > 3.2 M
Leach & Ruffini, 1973
Varenna, 1975
Giacconi, Sweden (2002)
The Kerr metric
The “Blackholic” energy:E2 = (Mirc2 + Q2/2)2 + (Lc/)2 + p2
Christodoulou, Ruffini, 1971
Up to 29% rotational energy.
Up to 50% electromagnetic energy.
Zel’dovich and Pontecorvo
The H-Bomb
+ -
cm e
;32
e
cmE c
;1 3 7~~2e
cZ c
scm
te
1 82 1 0~~
He isenb erg , Eu ler, 1935, S c hwinge r, 1951
+ -
cm e
;32
e
cmE c
;1 3 7~~2e
cZ c
scm
te
1 82 1 0~~
He isenb erg , Eu ler, 1935, S c hwinge r, 1951
141
1644
2
2248
2
4
2
4
2
22
222
2
22222422
cLQc
G
Mc
G
Mc
LrS
cLQcMcME
i rh o r i z o n
i r
i n i t i a lee x t r a c t a b l EE %29
i n i t i a lee x t r a c t a b l EE %50
C hris to d o ulo u, R uffin i, 197 1
141
1644
2
2248
2
4
2
4
2
22
222
2
22222422
cLQc
G
Mc
G
Mc
LrS
cLQcMcME
i rh o r i z o n
i r
i n i t i a lee x t r a c t a b l EE %29
i n i t i a lee x t r a c t a b l EE %50
C hris to d o ulo u, R uffin i, 197 1
D a m o u r & R u ff in i 1 9 7 4
• In a K e rr-N e w mann blac k ho le vac uum po la riza tion proc e ss oc c urs if3 .2M S u n M B H 7 .2 ·106 M S u n
• Maxim um e ne rgy e x trac table 1 .8 ·10 5 4 (M B H /M S u n ) e rgs
• “… natura lly le ads to a most s im ple mo de l fo r the e xpla nation o f the re c e ntly d isc ove re d -rays bursts”
D a m o u r & R u ff in i 1 9 7 4
• In a K e rr-N e w mann blac k ho le vac uum po la riza tion proc e ss oc c urs if3 .2M S u n M B H 7 .2 ·106 M S u n
• Maxim um e ne rgy e x trac table 1 .8 ·10 5 4 (M B H /M S u n ) e rgs
• “… natura lly le ads to a most s im ple mo de l fo r the e xpla nation o f the re c e ntly d isc ove re d -rays bursts”
The blackholic energy and the Quantum
Short and Long
GRBs seconds
10
3 c
ou
nts
/s
seconds seconds
seconds seconds seconds
seconds seconds seconds
seconds seconds seconds
10
3 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s
10
3 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s
10
3 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s1
03 c
ou
nts
/s
The Long Story of the Cosmic Gamma Ray
Bursts.E = 1054 ergs!
What are short-GRBs?
What are long-GRBs?
GRB 030329
What are GRB afterglows?
GRB 030329
GRB 980425
- “Relative Space Time Transformations” (RSTT) paradigm(Ruffini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Xue, ApJ, 555, L107, 2001)
- “Interpretation of the Burst Structure” (IBS) paradigm(Ruffini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Xue, ApJ, 555, L113, 2001)
- “GRB-supernova Time Sequence” (GSTS) paradigm(Ruffini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Xue, ApJ, 555, L117, 2001)
Ruffini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Xue, Int. Journ. Mod. Phys. D, 12, 173, (2003)
Summary of our Model (tested on GRB
991216)
Edya = 4.8x1053 erg B = 3.0x10-3
Inte
nsi
ty
Arrival time at the detector (seconds)
BATSEobservations
R-XTE and Chandra Observations
Proper-GRB
Afterglow
Our GRB – SN connection
Black hole formation.
Dyadosphere
GRB Supernova
Two different systems
Inducedgravitational
collapse
Della Valle, Mazzali, Nomoto
NSSN
Induced gravitational collapse (2006)
C/O
NSFe
NSSN BHSN PEM Pulse
GRB 050315
GRB 050315: BAT + XRT Light curve
AfterglowP-GRB
(not shown)
“Prompt Emission”(afterglow peak)
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
GRB 050315: BAT Light curve (15-25 keV)
Afterglow
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
GRB 050315: BAT Light curve (25-50 keV)
Afterglow
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
GRB050315: BAT Light curve (50-100 keV)
Afterglow
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
GRB 050315: BAT Light curve (15-350 keV)
Afterglow
P-GRB
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
GRB 050315: Instantaneous spectra
Ruffini, Bernardini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Guida, Xue, ApJ, 645, L109, (2006)
The duration of long GRBs
• The Kouveliotou – Tavani classification of short and long bursts.
• The Amati relation.
• The Ghirlanda relation.
Lowering the threshold, we need to reconsider:
What are short-GRBs?
What are long-GRBs?
GRB 030329
What are GRB afterglows?
GRB 030329
GRB 980425
Short-GRBs are P-GRBs!
Long-GRBs are not bursts: they are E-APEs!
GRB afterglows are the fading part of E-APEs!
Nuclear density core N ~ (mplanck
/mn)3
Ruffini, Rotondo, Xue, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, in press (2007)
Solution of the Thomas – Fermi Equation
Electron penetration in the nuclear core
Critical electric field near the core surface
The Dyadosphere+Q -Q
-
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+
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+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
-
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+
+
+
+
+
e+e- plasma
r = rds
– r+
Preparata, Ruffini, Xue, A&A, 338, L87, (1998)Ruffini, Bianco, Chardonnet, Fraschetti, Vitagliano, Xue, “Cosmology and Gravitation”, AIP, (2003)
Concentrations of pairs and photons with Concentrations of pairs and photons with and and without inverse triple collisions inverse triple collisions
Ruffini, Aksenov, Vereshchagin, submitted (2007)
Pair creation Pair creation feedbackfeedback
Initial conditions:
n0 = 0 = p0 = 0,
E0 = 10 Ec (left column),
E0 = 0.15 Ec (right column).
Plots:
Elecric field strength E(t),
e+ number density n(t),
e+ velocity v(t),
e+ Lorentz factor (t).
D
Ruffini, Vereshchagin, Xue, submitted (2007)
TheDyado-torus
C. Cherubini,A. Geralico,J. Rueda,R. Ruffini (2007)
Rick Hanni
Discussion Unruh - Wheeler
Bini - Geralico - Ruffini
The electric Meissner effect