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![Page 1: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and
Adults in Alberta
David Casey, Ph.D.University of Calgary
AGRI Conference 2007
![Page 2: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Investigators Involved in the Leisure, Lifestyle, Lifecycle Project
Nady el-Guebaly, MD David Hodgins, Ph.D. Garry Smith, Ph.D. Rob Williams, Ph.D. Don Schopflocher, Ph.D. Rob Wood, Ph.D. 1: Professor and Head, Addiction Psychiatry, University of Calgary. 2: Professor, University of Calgary 3: Professor Emeritus, University of Alberta 4: Professor, University of Lethbridge 5: Adjunct Associate Professor Epidemiology, University of Alberta 6: Associate Professor, University of Lethbridge Funding for this Project is from the Alberta Gaming Research Institute
![Page 3: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline
Background information Design of the study Some preliminary results from the study What did we learn from the study Plans for future data collection
![Page 4: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background
![Page 5: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Background
Gambling in Alberta 82% of adults gambled in previous year
Few studies of determinants of gambling & disordered gambling
Interested in better understanding: Factors that promote responsible gambling Factors that make some susceptible to problem gambling
Longitudinal study most optimal methodology for this investigation Examples
Barnes, 1999 Slutske, 2003 Vitaro, 1996 Winters, 1993 & 2002
![Page 6: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Background (cont’d)
A prospective, multi cohort longitudinal study of gambling behavior Study Albertans over a 5-year period Testing a biopsychosocial model of gambling Data collection has been completed for Time 1 3 additional follow up interviews over the next 4 years Initial sample
Stratified by region of the province 5 age groups Divided into at-risk gamblers & general population
![Page 7: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biopsychosocial Model for Gambling
![Page 8: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Methods
![Page 9: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Methods – ParticipantsTime #1 1808 Participants
524, 100%897, 70%
387, 30%
General Population At-Risk Population
897, 50%
911, 50%
At-Risk Pop.
Non At-Risk Pop.
All Non-At-Risk Pop.
At-Risk
All At-Risk Pop.387 +524
![Page 10: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Methods - Procedures
Recruited through Random Digit Dialing (RDD) at 4 locations: Calgary Edmonton Grande Prairie (and surrounding communities) Lethbridge (and surrounding communities)
Start and end for data collection was staggered between sites Start: Feb 8, 2006 to Mar 20, 2006 End: Aug 26, 2006 to Oct 21, 2006
Some of the at-risk were recruited using other techniques – will discuss later
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Methods - Procedures
For all participants who met the criteria for age, residence, etc., there was: Telephone interview
Subcontracted the completion of these interviews Adult interviews (~ 45 minutes) Adolescent interviews (~ 30 minutes) Majority of demographic & gambling questions
Face-to-face interview Completed by Research Assistants Adult interviews (~ 3 hrs) Adolescent interviews (~ 2 hrs) Parent interviews (~ 40 minutes)
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Methods - Procedures
Based on expenditure and frequency Based on cohort screener questions Cutoffs for the 70th percentile For each of the age cohorts and gender
Ages 18-20, 23-25, 43-45, and 63-65: Spending GREATER than $10.00 in a typical
month OR Gambling at least a couple of times a month
Ages 13-15: Spending GREATER than $0.00 in a typical
month Gambling at least less than once a month
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Methods - Measures
Demographic questions Age, gender, education, etc.
Multiple areas of gambling were assessed: 1. Gambling Behavior: Canadian Problem
Gambling Index (CPGI) Frequency of gambling Amount of gambling Type of gambling
2. Attitudes Toward Gambling Questionnaire Canada West Foundation Alberta Gaming & Liquor Commission 3 Questions developed by Rob Williams
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ResultsDemographics: All Non-At-Risk versus At-Risk
![Page 15: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Age of Participants
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
13-15 18-20 23-25 43-45 63-65
Age of Participant
Per
cent
age
All Non At-Risk Pop.All At-Risk PopTotal Pop.
![Page 16: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gender of Adult Participants
50%56%
38%
50%44%
62%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All Non At-Risk All At-Risk Total
Population Comparison
Pe
rce
nt
Male Female
![Page 17: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Gender of Adolescent Participants
47%
60.5%54%53%
39.5%46%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
All Non At-Risk All At-Risk Total
Population Comparison
Pe
rce
nt
Male Female
![Page 18: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Location of Participants
5
15
25
35
45
Calgary Edmonton GrandPrairie
Lethbridge
Location of Participant
Per
cent
age
All Non At-Risk Pop.All At-Risk Pop.Total Pop.
![Page 19: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Education Level of Adult Participants
0
5
10
15
20
25
Education
Per
cen
tag
e
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-Risk
TotalPop.
![Page 20: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Current Employment Status of Adult Participants
15
25
35
45
55
No Job EmployedP.T
EmployedF.T Job Status
Per
cen
tag
e
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-Risk
TotalPop.
![Page 21: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ResultsGambling Questions:
Frequency, Amount, & Attitudes
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Spent Money on Gambling Activities: Past Year for Adults
0
25
50
Lotto
Tick
ets
Raffle
Insta
nt W
inVLT
Privat
e/ S
ocial
Gam
es
Sport
Bets
Bingo
Casino
Horse
Rac
e
High R
isk S
tock
Out o
f Pro
vince
Money Spent on Gambling Activities
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 23: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spent Money on Gambling Activities: Past Year for Adolescents
0
10
20
30
40
Gambling Activities
Per
cent
age
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 24: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Frequency of Gambling: Adults
0
5
10
15
20
25
Never 1-10 11-50 51-100 101-500
501-1000
> 1000 Frequency of Gambling
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 25: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Frequency of Gambling: A Typical Month for Adults (Screener)
0
25
50
75
Frequency
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 26: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Frequency of Gambling: A Typical Month for Adolescents (Screener)
05
10152025303540
Never <
1
1/ M
onth
Couple
s tim
es/ M
onth
1/W
eek
Few tim
es/ W
eek
Sever
al Tim
es/ W
eek
Almos
t Dai
lyDail
y
Frequency
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 27: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Risk Assessment for Gambling Problem: Adults
0.1%2%
9%
50%
38%
3%
11%
25%
56%
6% 6%
1%
53%
23%
17%
0
25
50
NoGambling
Non-ProblemGamber
Low Risk ModerateRisk
ProblemGambler
Level of Gambling Risk
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop.
TotalPop.
![Page 28: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Largest Amount Lost in Single Year: Adults
$274.10
$ 410.40
$126.50100
200
300
400
All Non At-Risk All At-Risk Total
Amount Lost
Am
ou
nt
in $
![Page 29: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gambling Attitude Questionnaire: Adults
**** *
*
2
3
4
5
6
7
Gambling Attitude Questions
Raw
Sco
re
All NonAt-RiskPop.
All At-RiskPop
TotalPop.
![Page 30: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Gambling Attitude Questionnaire: Adolescents
** *
2
3
4
5
6
Raise
$
Check
with
Pub
lic
Adequ
ate
Servic
e
Lim
it Neg
. Sid
e Effe
ct
Video
Lot
to B
an
Regar
dles
s of C
onse
q.
O.k.
Acti
vity
Illega
l but
ava
ilabl
e
Probl
ems
have
Incr
ease
d
> Crim
e
Gambling Attitude Questions
Raw
Sco
re
All Non At-Risk Pop.All At-RiskPopTotal Pop.
![Page 31: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What did we Learn?
and Plans for Future Direction
![Page 32: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What did We Learn?
Difficult to recruit using Random Digit Dialing Call display Blocking Do not call lists Saturation of the market Time of year
Interviews occurred in July & August More difficult to get a hold of people & to participate
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What did We Learn? (cont’d)
Difficult to recruit at-risk or high-risk gamblers More difficult than expected Tried using supplemental recruitment techniques:
Media release Posters in gambling establishments Ads in local papers A “snowball” e-mail Only provided us with additional 30 participants
![Page 34: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
What did We Learn? (cont’d)
Telephone to face-to-face interview retention: Lost more between the telephone interview &
face-to-face than was anticipated Some did not feel $75 was enough incentive Booming economy
More difficult to get participants
Face-to-face interviews Participants enjoyed the personal interaction with
Research Assistants
![Page 35: Gambling Behavior Among a Sample of Adolescents and Adults in Alberta David Casey, Ph.D. University of Calgary AGRI Conference 2007.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070418/5697bf891a28abf838c8a0c3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Plans for Future Data Collection
3 more data collection Spread over the next 4 years Currently in the process of organizing for Time 2 Data collection for Time 2 will begin in Sept., 2007 Gambling behavior will be tracked over these 4 years Constructs associated with biological, psychological,
and social factors Last 3 data collections, participants will complete the
surveys using a web-based system Genetic study
Have received funding Examine the relationship between pathological
gambling and genetic markers