Gabypaz mafersaravia integracion

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Biographies

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Our book is about biographies of diferent authors, inventors, religious people and painters in the world.

Transcript of Gabypaz mafersaravia integracion

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Biographies

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Authors of

Guatemala

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Carlos Solorzano: Carlos Solórzano was born in 1919 to a wealthy family in San Marcos, Guatemala, Solórzano was an active lecturer and director in the universities. He has served as the director of the Teatro Universitario as well as the director of the Museo Nacional de Teatro. He has lectured in several universities in the United States including Columbia University, the University of Southern California, and the University of Kansas.[2] He is currently a professor at the Autonomous University of Latin America, and an editor of the theatrical encyclopedia, Enciclopedia Mundial del Teatro Contemporaneo.

In 1939 Carlos Solórzano moved to México. In 1945 he graduated from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México as an architect, as a master and doctor of letters 1946–1948. His first play, Espejo de Novelas, was penned in 1946. In 1948, a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation permitted him to study drama at Sorbonne, Paris, France. During his studies in France, he became acquainted with many prominent men of letters such as Camus and Ghelderode and their influence and dramatic style would be a major influence in his later works as indeed in increasing his interest in theatrical subjects in general.

Solórzano returned to Mexico City. He began writing a number of plays, some of which are important to Mexican theatre today. Doña Beatriz, la sin ventura(1954), El hechicero (1954), Las manos de Dios (1957), El crucificado (1957), Los fantoches de Andalucía (1959), Tres actos (1959) are amongst his notable works in the 1950s. His play El crucificado, is a reenactment of Jesus Christ's crucifixion. A number of his works are allegorical ranging from political allegories with hidden agendas to explorations of the reason for man's existence. Solorzano represented Mexico in the first playwriting workshop in Puerto Rico in 1960 and in 1963 was representative of Mexico's Festival of Theater of Nations in Paris with his work Los fantoches de Andalucía . He attended the XI Congreso de Literatura Iberoamericana in Austin, Texas.[1]

Solórzano is a recipient of the Miguel Ángel Asturias Award (Premio Nacional de Literatura 'Miguel Ángel Asturias') given to those who excel in literature in Guatemala.[1] He was awarded this honor in 1989.

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Niguel Ángel Asturias: Miguel Angel Asturias Rosales (October 19, 1899 – June 9, 1974) was a Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan poet, novelist, playwright, journalist and diplomat. Asturias helped establish Latin American literature's contribution to mainstream Western culture, and at the same time drew attention to the importance of indigenous cultures, especially those of his native Guatemala.

Asturias was born and raised in Guatemala though he lived a significant part of his adult life abroad. He first lived in Paris in the 1920s where he studied anthropology and Indian mythology. Some scholars view him as the first Latin American novelist to show how the study of anthropology and linguistics could affect the writing of literature.[1] While in Paris, Asturias also associated with the Surrealist movement, and he is credited with introducing many features of modernist style into Latin American letters. In this way, he is an important precursor of the Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s.

One of Asturias' most famous novels, El Señor Presidente, describes life under a ruthless dictator. Asturias' very public opposition to dictatorial rule led to him spending much of his later life in exile, both in South America and in Europe. The book that is sometimes described as his masterpiece, Hombres de maíz (Men of Maize), is a defense of Mayan culture and customs. Asturias

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combined his extensive knowledge of Mayan beliefs with his political convictions, channeling them into a life of commitment and solidarity. His work is often identified with the social and moral aspirations of the Guatemalan people.

After decades of exile and marginalization, Asturias finally received broad recognition in the 1960s. In 1966, he won the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize. The following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, only the second Latin American to receive this honor. Asturias spent his final years in Madrid, where he died at the age of 74. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

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Inventors

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Virginia Apgar:Virginia Apgar:Virginia Apgar:Virginia Apgar: (7 June 1909–7 August 1974) was an American obstetrical anesthesiologist. She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and introduced obstetrical considerations to the established field of neonatology. To the public, however, she is best known as the developer of the Apgar score, a method of assessing the health of newborn babies that has drastically reduced infant mortality over the

world.

Virginia Apgar was one of Columbia University's first female M.D.s. She graduated in 1933. She was one of the first American women to specialize in surgery. She became Columbia's first-ever full Professor of Anesthesiology in 1949. Apgar specialized in anesthesia and childbirth. She invented the Newborn Scoring System, also called the Apgar Score, in 1949 that assessed the health of newborns. In 1959, Apgar was appointed the Director of the March of Dimes. She died in 1974.

Steve jobs:Steve jobs:Steve jobs:Steve jobs: Born February 24, 1955 Died October 5, 2011 (aged 56) Cause of death Metastatic Insulinoma Steve Jobs is the co-founder of Apple Computers, the makers of well-designed, well-coordinated, and good-looking personal home computers. Steve Jobs teamed together with Steve Wozniak to invent one of the first ready-made personal home computer. Steve Jobs was also a smart business who became a multimillionaire before the age of thirty. In 1984, Steve Jobs founded NeXT computers. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd and started Pixar Animation Studios.

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Important Important Important Important

religious religious religious religious

peoplepeoplepeoplepeople

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Nother Teresa

was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje*, Macedonia, on August 26, 1910. Her family was of Albanian descent. At the age of twelve, she felt strongly the call of God. She knew she had to be a missionary to spread the love of Christ. At the age of eighteen she left her parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India. After a few months' training in Dublin she was sent to India, where on May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948 Mother Teresa taught at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta, but the suffering and poverty she glimpsed outside the convent walls made such a deep impression on her that in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. Although she had no funds, she depended on Divine Providence, and started an open-air school for slum children. Soon she was joined by voluntary helpers, and financial support was also forthcoming. This made it possible for her to extend the scope of her work.

On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission from the Holy See to start her own order, "The Missionaries of Charity", whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after. In 1965 the Society became an International Religious Family by a decree of Pope Paul VI.

Today the order comprises Active and Contemplative branches of Sisters and Brothers in many countries. In 1963 both the Contemplative branch of the Sisters and the Active branch of the Brothers was founded. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added, and in 1984 the Priest branch was established.

The Society of Missionaries has spread all over the world, including the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. They provide effective help to the poorest of the poor in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and they undertake relief work in the wake of natural catastrophes such as floods, epidemics, and famine, and for refugees. The order also has houses in North America, Europe and Australia, where they take care of the shut-ins, alcoholics, homeless, and AIDS sufferers.

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The Missionaries of Charity throughout the world are aided and assisted by Co-Workers who became an official International Association on March 29, 1969. By the 1990s there were over one million Co-Workers in more than 40 countries. Along with the Co-Workers, the lay Missionaries of Charity try to follow Mother Teresa's spirit and charism in their families.

Mother Teresa's work has been recognized and acclaimed throughout the world and she has received a number of awards and distinctions, including the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971) and the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding (1972). She also received the Balzan Prize (1979) and the Templeton and Magsaysay awards

Pope john paul ll Karol Józef Wojtyła was born in the Polish town of Wadowice. He was the youngest of three children born to Karol Wojtyła (1879–1941), an ethnic Pole, and Emilia Kaczorowska (1884–1929), whose mother's maiden surname was Scholz, suggesting partial German ancestry. Emilia, who was a schoolteacher, died in childbirth in 1929 when Wojtyła was eight years old. His elder sister Olga had died before his birth, but he was close to his brother Edmund, nicknamed Mundek, who was 13 years his senior. Edmund's work as a physician

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eventually led to his death from scarlet fever, a loss which affected Wojtyła deeply.

As a boy, Wojtyła was athletic, often playing football as goalkeeper. During his childhood, Wojtyła had contact with Wadowice's large Jewish community. School football games were often organized between teams of Jews and Catholics, and Wojtyła often played on the Jewish side. "I remember that at least a third of my classmates at elementary school in Wadowice were Jews. At elementary school there were fewer. With some I was on very friendly terms. And what struck me about some of them was their Polish patriotism." Wojtyła's first, and possibly only, love affair was with a Jewish girl, Ginka Beer, who was described as "slender", "a superb actress" and "having stupendous dark eyes and jet black hair".

In mid-1938, Wojtyła and his father left Wadowice and moved to Kraków, where he enrolled at Jagiellonian University. While studying such topics as philology and various languages, he worked as a volunteer librarian and was required to participate in compulsory military training in the Academic Legion, but he refused to fire a weapon. He performed with various theatrical groups and worked as a playwright. During this time, his talent for language blossomed, and he learned as many as 12 foreign languages, nine of which he used extensively as Pope.

In 1939, Nazi German occupation forces closed the university after invading Poland. Able-bodied males were required to work, so from 1940 to 1944 Wojtyła variously worked as a messenger for a restaurant, a manual labourer in a limestone quarry and for the Solvay chemical factory, to avoid deportation to Germany. His father, a former Austro-Hungarian non-commissioned officer and later officer in the Polish Army, died of a heart attack in 1941, leaving Wojtyła as the immediate family's only surviving member. "I was not at my mother's death, I was not at my brother's death, I was not at my father's death," he said, reflecting on these times of his life, nearly forty years later, "At twenty, I had already lost all the people I loved."

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After his father's death, he started thinking seriously about the priesthood. In October 1942, while the war continued, he knocked on the door of the Bishop's Palace in Kraków and asked to study for the priesthood. Soon after, he began courses in the clandestine underground seminary run by the Archbishop of Kraków, Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha. On 29 February 1944, Wojtyła was hit by a German truck. German Wehrmacht officers tended to him and sent him to a hospital. He spent two weeks there recovering from a severe concussion and a sh oulder injury. It seemed to him that this accident and his survival was a confirmation of his vocation. On 6 August 1944 known as ‘Black Sunday’, the Gestapo rounded up young men in Kraków to curtail the uprising, similar to the recent uprising in Warsaw. Wojtyła escaped by hiding in the basement of his uncle's house at 10 Tyniecka Street, while the German troops searched above. More than eight thousand men and boys were taken that day, while Wojtyła escaped to the Archbishop's Palace, where he remained until after the Germans had left.

On the night of 17 January 1945, the Germans fled the city, and the students reclaimed the ruined seminary. Wojtyła and another seminarian volunteered for the task of clearing away piles of frozen excrement from the toilets.

Wojtyła also helped a 14-year-old Jewish refugee girl named Edith Zierer, who had run away from a Nazi labour camp in Częstochowa. Edith had collapsed on a railway platform, so Wojtyła carried her to a train and stayed with her throughout the journey to Kraków. Edith credits Wojtyła with saving her life that day. B'nai B'rith and other authorities have said that Wojtyła helped protect many other Polish Jews from the Nazis. During the Nazi occupation of Poland, a Jewish family sent its son, Stanley Berger, to be

hidden by a Gentile Polish family. Berger's biological Jewish parents died during the Holocaust, and after the war Berger's new Christian parents asked

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a young Polish priest named Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II, to baptise the boy. The future pope refused, claiming that the child should be raised in the Jewish faith of his birth parents and nations, not as a Catholic. In September 2003, Emmanuelle Pacifici, the head of Italy's Jewish community, proposed that John Paul II receive the medal of a Righteous Among the Nations for saving a two-year-old Jewish boy by giving him to a Gentile Polish family to be hidden in 1942, when Karol Wojtyla was just a seminarian. After the war, this boy's Christian adopted parents asked the future Pope John Paul II to baptise the boy, yet once again he refused, as with Berger. After the war, Karol Wojtyla did everything he could to ensure that this Jewish boy he saved leave Poland to be raised by his Jewish relatives in the United States. In April 2005, shortly after John Paul II's death, the Israeli government created a commission to honor the legacy of John Paul II. One of the proposed ways of honoring him was to give him the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. In Wojtyła's last book Memory and Identity he described the 12 years of the Nazi régime as 'bestiality', quoting from Polish theologian and philosopher Konstanty Michalski.

"Freedom consist not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought" Pope John Paul II

"Violence and arms can never resolve the problems of men" Pope John Paul II.

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Famous

painters

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Pablo Picasso: Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, known as Pablo Picasso (Spanish: 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[2][3] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics.[4][5][6][7]

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune, making him one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.

Some paintings of Pablo Picasso are:

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The End of the Road - 1898-99

Accordionist - 1911

Three Musicians - 1921

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CARLOS NERIDA Carlos Mérida, (born December 2, 1891, Guatemala City, Guatemala—died December 22, 1984, Mexico City, Mexico), Guatemalan artist who was known primarily as a muralist and printmaker.

From 1910 to 1914 Mérida traveled in Europe, living mainly in Paris, where he studied art and became personally acquainted with such leaders of the avant-garde as Pablo Picasso and Amedeo Modigliani. At the start of World War I in 1914, Mérida returned to Guatemala, where he had his first one-man show. In 1919, interested in the social and artistic revolution in Mexico, he went to Mexico City and became involved in that nation’s mural-painting renaissance, working as an assistant to the painter Diego Rivera. Mérida’s early work, like that of many of the Mexican muralists, was politically oriented and executed in a figurative style.

After 1927, when Mérida took a second trip to Europe, his art became less representational; he eventually developed his characteristic abstract style of geometrically conceived figures and forms. In his later works he combined modern European influences—Cubism and Surrealism, and the paintings of artists such as Paul Klee, Joan Miró, and Wassily Kandinsky—with aspects of Mayan art. Among his important works were mosaic murals for the Benito Juárez housing development in Mexico City (1952; destroyed in an earthquake in 1985) and for the Municipal Building in Guatemala City (1956).

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Paisaje de la Urbe, 1956

Tzel y el Brujo, 1901

El invierno, 1981