Gabriele Köhler Senior Research Associate, UNRISD, Geneva .
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Transcript of Gabriele Köhler Senior Research Associate, UNRISD, Geneva .
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Linking poverty, inequality, global justice – are the SDGs serious?
Gabriele Köhler
Senior Research Associate, UNRISD, Geneva
www.gabrielekoehler.net
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1.) Poverty, inequality, global justice
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Income poverty ($1,25)
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2010 20110
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only) East Asia & Pacific (developing only)
China Low income countries
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Source: Ortiz and Cummins. 2011. Global Inequality. UNICEF
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Income inequality
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Overstretched eco-system
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2.) Are the SDGs serious?
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Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs)
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UN reawakened?
“The stars are aligned for the world to take historic action to transform lives and protect the planet.”
Ban Ki-moon 2014
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3. SDGs – the good stuff
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Progressive, nuanced positions
• Rights and Universal Declaration of Human Rights• Gender equality and empowerment• Universal – ALL countries • Multidimensional poverty• Awareness of inequalities within and among countries• Goal of sustainable consumption and production• 3 entire goals specifically addressing climate change • Social protection floor• Development, infrastructure and industrial strategy• Relatively inclusive negotiations process
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4.) SDGs: the bad parts
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Fatal errors and omissions
• Lack of analysis – no political economy• Oblivious to power relations• Nil ambition vis-à-vis income poverty• Weak goals on global economic architecture• Weak notion of redistribution• Policy vacuum: no decent work policies • Issue blindness: refugees do not feature• Misleading partnerships: Public private
partnerships• Erroneous links: GDP growth and sustainability
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5.) The alternatives
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Regarding analysis
Employ the concept of “capitalism” to explain public poverty
juxtaposed with concentrated private wealth and planetary destruction
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Regarding principles
Replace the primacy of the profit motif with ecological sustainability and social equity- a reversed hierarchy of social equity norms
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Reversed normative hierarchy• Eco-social rational: economic decisions
subordinated to ecological and social justice considerations • Internalising planetary boundaries• From production of material goods to systematic
recycling• From production of material goods to provision of
services• Valorise the care economy, including care for
children, elderly, persons w special needs, refugees, migrants • Expand eco-management of cities and spaces,
of production and consumption processes
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“Post growth” and sharing economies
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Regarding policy: Eco-social policy1. Peace and security
2. Rights-based, universal social policies
3. A shifted economic rationale
4. A renewed attention to decent work
5. Integrated ecology policy
6. Democratic developmental welfare state and enlightened public sector
7. A new fiscal compact
8. A coherent, consensual policy agenda
9. International responsibility for social, economic and ecological justice
10. A fundamental re-think Katja Hujo and Gabriele Koehler. 2015.
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6.) The initial question
Linking poverty, inequality, global justice:
are the SDGs serious?
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Double character of the SDGs:
•Appropriation of transformative aspirations by the capitalist rationale and hierarchical power relations
but also•An anchor to claim rights – the role of declarations of visions and principles
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Use the SDGs
•Harvest the 17 goals •Reinterpret them – use them subversively •Make sure they are achieved and overachieved•Transform global relations for a just world
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Further reading• Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gabriele Koehler, Thomas Pogge, eds..2015. Poverty and the Millennium
Development Goals: A critical look forward. CROP. London: ZED Books. (forthcoming)• Peter Edward and Andrew Sumner. 2015. Philanthropy, Welfare Capitalism or Radically Different Global Economic
Model: What Would It Take to End Global Poverty within a Generation Based on Historical Growth Patterns? Working Paper 413. Centre for Global Development. http://www.cgdev.org/publication/end-global-poverty-within-generation-historical-growth
• Okwui Enwezor. 2015. All the World’s Futures, Biennale Venice. http://www.labiennale.org/en/art/exhibition/enwezor/• Jayati Ghosh. 2015. The Poverty Alleviation Way to Development. Frontline. Delhi. September 4, 2015.
http://www.frontline.in/columns/Jayati_Ghosh/the-poverty-alleviation-way-to-development/article7549958.ece• Katja Hujo and Gabriele Koehler. 2015. Welcoming a new global agenda. UNRISD SDG policy brief. www.unrisd.org
(forthcoming)• Naomi Klein. 2014. This changes everything. Capitalism vs. The Climate, New York: Simon & Schuster.• Gabriele Koehler. 2014. Some preliminary reflections on development, public policy and welfare states. in
Development and Welfare Policy in South Asia, Gabriele Koehler and Deepta Chopra, eds. London: Routledge. 9-24• … . 2015. Human rights, human security and gender: Stitching the pieces together, in Gender and Human Security,
edited by Zaneta Ozolina. Riga: Zinatne. 43-69• … . 2015. Seven Decades of Development and Now What? 2015. Journal of International Development. Special DSA
Issue. UNRISD (2010) Combating Poverty and Inequality. Structural Change, Social Policy and Politics, (Geneva: UNRISD). www.unrisd.org
• Thomas Piketty. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Boston, Harvard University Press.• Pope Francis. 2013. Evangelii gaudium. Apostolic exhortation.
2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html
• United Nations. 2015.. Draft outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda. Draft resolution submitted by the President of the General Assembly. New York. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/L.85&Lang=E
• UNRISD. 2010. Combating Poverty and Inequality. www.unrisd.org• Peter Utting. 2015. Social and Solidarity Economy: Beyond the Fringe? London: ZED• Pascal Van Griethuysen. 2012. Bona diagnosis, bona curatio: How property economics clarifies the degrowth
debate. Ecological Economics. Vol 84 (2012): 262-269