593

When rooms or areas illustrated are noted in this part of the catalogue, we begin with features in the foreground and work to the background. Features are mentioned only if a large enough portion is visible to be useful for documenting the condition of the site. All photographs are black and white, unless otherwise noted

G.2.1. Horace’sVillaandrelatedsitesonmapspriorto1885�

G.2.1.1. 1557.S.DelReandP.Ligorio.“NovaRegniNeapolitanidescriptio”(Rome1557).Notes�� ��rstNotes����rstmap with the Licenza valley. Has Roccagiovane, Percile, Licenza. Roccagiovane erroneously placed north of Licenza; Nemora Vacunae Deae located near Vacone. �f. A. P. Frutaz,�f. A. P. Frutaz, Le carte del Lazio, carta XVIII, 48.

G.2.1.2. 1570. Ortellius. Notes: Derived from Del Re-Ligorio (G.2.1.1). �f. Frutaz, vol. 1, 35-36.

G.2.1.3. 1596. Magini. Notes: Derived from Del Re-Ligorio (G.2.1.1). �f. Frutaz, vol. 2, carta XVIII.

G.2.1.4. 1620. Fabio di Gio. Antonio Magini, “�ampagna di Roma olim Latium” (Bologna 1620). Notes: has Monte Libretti, Licenza (town and river), Rocca Giovine, �ivitella, Sambuco, Farfa, Vicovaro (located to north of Licenza and �ivitella). �f. D. �remonini, L’Italia nelle vedute e carte geografiche dal 1493 al 1894 (Modena 1991) 19-21, no. 15.

G.2.1.5. 1624. Ph. �luverius, “Italiae Antiquae Novissima Tabula” (Leyden 1624). Notes: has Horatij Villaon thesouthsideof theFaberisflumen, theFanumVacunaeon thenorthsideof theFaberisflumen.Cf.Frutaz,vol.2,XXIV.1,60.

G.2.1.6. 1648. N. Sanson d’Abbeuille, “Estats de l’Eglise et de Toscane” (n. p. 1648). Notes: has Vicovaro, Licenza (river and town). Not in �remonini or Frutaz; seen in British Museum Map Library.

G.2.1.7. 1650. J. Jansson, “[Latium]” (Amsterdam 1650). Notes: puts the Lucretilis Mons just to north ofGabiiandtheviaPraenestina;VacunaefanumissouthofCasparia,northofFabarisfluvius.Seen in British Museum Map Library.

G.2.1.8. A. Kircher, Latium. Id est, Nova et parallela Latii tum veteris tum novi descriptio qua quaecunque vel Natura, vel veterum romanorum ingenium admiranda effecit, geographico-historico-physico ratiocinio, juxta rerum gestarum, temporumque seriem exponitur & enucleatur (Amsterdam 1669) has a map of the Sabina between pp. 216-217. Notes: has

1. Prerequisite for inclusion here is that a map contain at least one of the following sites: Digentia, Fanum Vacunae, Horace’s Villa, Licenza, Mandela, Mons Lucretilis, Rocca Giovine (or Rocca Giovane), Ustica. The cutoff date of 1885 was chosen because that is the year of publication of Tito Berti’s little study of the villa, which included the most detailed map of the area around the Roman villa at Licenza since the antiquarian search for Horace’s Villa beganwithFlavioBiondointhe1440s.Bythenineteenthcentury,mapmakinghadbecomemorescienti��c,thevariationsfromonemaptoanothermuchlessdrastic,andthenumberofpublishedmapsincreasedsigni��cantly.Hence, between 1784 and 1885 the only map included is that of Berti, published with his booklet on the villa in 1885.The��rstmaptoshowVicovaro(the��rstpointinourgeneralareatobeincludedonmaps)is��Anon.“Italiacentrale con quasi tutto il Lazio, intagliata in legno” (in Studienbibliothek, Salzburg: cf. Frutaz, �arta IX, “Sec. XV��ne/sec.XVIinizio”).

G.2. GrapHicsources

ByBernardFriscHer

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594

Licenza after Vicovaro, then Roccagiovane, then �ivitella; has a second “Rocca Giov.” just below(=west);LicenzaontheRinerofl.;putsFonsBlandusia,Ustica,VillaHoratij,Mandelapagus,LucretilisMonsinvalleyof“Avensfl.hod.Galantino”—southofCasperia,northeastof Montopoli.

G.2.1.9. 1680. R. Fabrettus, De Aquis et Aquaeductibus veteris Romae (Rome 1680) third map bound before p. 3. Notes: has Licenza valley; Rocca Giovine (“olim fanum Vacunae”) is north of Licenza; Licenza is on the wrong side of the Licenza River (“olim Digentia”); �antalupo and Bardela are on the wrong side of the river.

G.2.1.10. 1693. G. F. Ameti, “Il Lazio con le sue piu �ospicue Strade Antiche e Moderne e principali �asali e Tenute” (Rome 1694). Notes: has many features of the area around Horace’s villa, including Mons Lucretilis (but it is not equivalent to the Monte Gennaro, which is shown with Ustica on it to the north of Tivoli); Vicovaro, S. �osimato, Bardela, Licenza olim Digentia, Rocca Giovane olim Fanum Vacune di Orsini, Licenza olim Digentia di Orsini. It mistakenly puts Rocca Giovane north of Licenza.

G.2.1.11. 1705. N. de Fer, “Les Estats de l’Eglise et de Toscane” (Paris 1705). Notes: has Licenza.

G.2.1.12. 1705. P. Mortier and J. Blaeu, Het Nieuw Stede Boek van Italie.... (Amsterdam 1705). In vol. 2, map 106 is entitled “Estats de l’Eglise et de Toscane.” Notes: has Vicovaro and Licenza.

G.2.1.13. 1721. B. Jaillot, “Estats de l’Eglise et de toscane” (Paris 1721). Notes: has Licenza, Vicovaro (shown to the north of Licenza and �olle Alto).

G.2.1.14. 1733-1737. J. Pine, Qvinti Horatii Flacci opera, 2 volumes (London 1733-1737) in vol. 2 (1737) 139. Notes: has Villa Horatii northeast of Anio River to the east of Tivoli, not far from Villa Quintilii Vari and Villa �atulli.

G.2.1.15. 1739. D. G. de Revillas, Diocesis et agri Tiburtini topographia (Rome 1739, 1767). Notes: has Licenza, Rocca Giovine.

G.2.1.16. 1744. Le Rouge, “L’Etat de l’Eglise et le Gd. Duché de Toscane” (Paris 1744). Notes: has Licenza (misspelled Picenza).

G.2.1.17. 1755. A. Ramsay, “Allan Ramsay, Sketch Book, 1755-57” 15-16. Notes: has Vicovaro, �antalupo, Licenza, �ivitella, M. Lucretili, Roccagiovane, including “mola di Licenza.” Derives from De Revillas 1739 (G.2.1.15).

G.2.1.18. 1750-1755. �. Maire and R. G. Boscovich, Carta geographica dello stato della Chiesa. This map is illustrated and discussed in A. P. Frutaz, Le carte del Lazio, vol. 1, xxix-xxx, 90-92; vol. 2, carta XL c.

G.2.1.19. 1761. D. De Sanctis. Dissertazione sopra la villa di Orazio Flacco (Rome 17611) map bound at end of book, after p. 45. Notes: has Vicovaro aut Varia, �antalupo, Bardela aut Mandela, Roccagiovane aut Fanum Vacunae, Licenza, Mons Lucretilis, Villa Horatii (Fons Digentiae, rudera veteris aedi��cii),RivoLicenza autDigentiae. TheVillaHoratii corresponds to thegeneral area of the archaeological site known today.

G.2. Graphic sources

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G.2.1.20. 1767.D.G.deRevillas1739/1767.Notes��thesecondandthirdeditionsofRevillas’1739mapwere published in this year. They now show the ruins of Horace’s Villa.

G.2.1.21. 1769. �. B. de �haupy, “�arte topographique de la partie de la Sabine antique où fut la maison de campagne d’Horace,” in de �haupy, Découverte de la maison de campagne d’Horace, 3 vols. (Rome 1767-1769), bound at end of vol. 3. Notes: has Licenza, �ivitella, Mons Lucretilis (=Monte Gennaro), Rocca Giovine with ruins of the Temple of Vacuna, Mandela, �antalupo-Bardela, Varia (=Vico Varo). See Frischer 1998, 277; Frischer and Brown, 144 and 155 n54.

G.2.1.22. 1769. G. Piranesi, Diverse maniere d’adornare i cammini, 3 vols. (Rome 1769) tailpiece to the book’s Apologia. Notes: this is a parodic map sending up the Abbé �apmartin de �haupy and his three-volume work on Horace’s Villa (cf. G.1.8.4 above). See Frischer and Brown, 85-87.

G.2.1.23. 1780 (?). J. P. Hackert, Carte generale de la partie de la Sabine où etoit située la Maison de Campagne d’Horace (Rome, no date). Notes: has Rocca Giovine, Mons Lucretilis, Licenza, Horace’s Villa, Bardela-Mandela. The purpose of this relief map is to show the spots from which Hackert made his ten views of the Licenza valley. See Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 59-66; Frischer in Frischer and Brown, 89. The map is illustrated in Frischer and Brown, 146.

G.2.1.24. 1784. D. De Sanctis, Dissertazione sopra la Villa di Orazio Flacco (Ravenna 1784). Notes: shows Mons Lucretilis, Licenza olim Digentia, Fons Digentia, rudera Villae Horatii, Vallis Ustica, Massa Mandelana, Rocca Giovane, Fanum Vacunae, �antalupo olim Mandela, Vicovaro olim Varia.

G.2.1.25. 1810. R. Bradstreet, frontispiece to The Sabine Farm, A Poem: Into Which is Interwoven a Series of Translations, Chiefly Descriptive of the Villa and Life of Horace, Occasioned by an Excursion from Rome to Licenza (London 1810).

G.2.1.26. 1886. T. Berti, “Pianta topogra��ca della vallata del Licenza nelle adiacenze della Villad’Orazio,” in T. Berti, La villa di Orazio (Rome 1886). Notes: in inserts, the map also contains drawings of the mosaics in rooms 1 and 4, as well as views of the Vigne di S. Pietro site and the nymphaeum of the Orsini.

G.2.2. Horace’sVillaintHeGrapHicartspriorto1911:drawinGs,watercolors,GouacHes,enGraVinGs

G.2.2.1. 1755. A. Ramsay, [Sketchbook 1755], National Gallery of Scotland D4878. Notes: includes Victoria inscription (CIL XIV.3479) at Rocca Giovane, Sept. 27, 1755 (p. 20); view of Rocca Giovane from the northeast near the Licenza, Sept. 27, 1755 (p. 24). Also in this book is Ramsay’s map of the Licenza area, which is derived from de Revillas 1739 (cf. G.2.1.15). (=Ramsay 1, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 158).

G.2.2.2. 1762.H.R., “Lavilla oraziana,”BritishLibrary, etching1570/2796.Notes�� shows a villareconstructed in the valley between Monte Rotondo and the hills of Licenza and �ivitella. “H.R.”=Hubert Robert [?].

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G.2.2.3. 1777. A. Ramsay, “View of Horace’s Farm, 1777,” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 509. Blackchalkonpaper.44.7x61cm.Inscribedonthetopwithalegendgivingtheidenti��cationsof spots indicated with letters in the drawing, as follows: “View of Horace’s farm from the window of �ount Orsini’s villa at Licenza, drawn exactly by me A. R. by the help of pack threadsquares,June211777/a.The��eldinwhichisthemosaicpavements/b.Theplacewhere stands amongst the bushes the remains of some old walls - c. The �ypress a little below the source of Fonte Ratini - d. The Mill - e. Rocca Giovane - f. The spot where the stones of a portone were dug up a few years ago - g. �olle Franchisi - h. The convent of S. �osimato, bearingdueSouth.”(=Ramsay2,AndrewinFrischerandBrown,158,with��g.8.1).

G.2.2.4. 1777. A. Ramsay, “[Five sketches of the Licenza area].” Bound with Ramsay’s “Enquiry into the Situation and �ircumstances of Horace’s Sabine Villa, written during Travels through Italy in the years 1775, 76, and 77,” ms. in the National Library of Scotland, MS 730. Note: on the ms., see B. Frischer and I. G. Brown in Frischer and Brown, 105.

G.2.2.4.1. 1777. A. Ramsay, “Taken from Licenza looking towards Mons Lucretilis. Horace’s villa a little above the house that is in this drawing.” Squared pencil drawing; 13.8 x 20.8 cm. (=Ramsay 3.1, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 158).

G.2.2.4.2. 1777. A. Ramsay, “View of Rocca Giovane.” Pencil drawing with light colored washes; 18.1 x 23.7 cm. (=Ramsay 3.2, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 158).

G.2.2.4.3. 1777. A. Ramsay, “From the road [?] Licenza, looking toward Horace’s villa, Rocca Giovane and St. �osimato.” Squared pencil drawing; 13.8 x 20.5 cm. (=Ramsay 3.3, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 158).

G.2.2.4.4. 1777. A. Ramsay, “View near the mill looking toward Licenza. Horace’s villa on the left.” Pencildrawing;16.4x21.8cm.(=Ramsay3.4,AndrewinFrischerandBrown,158with��g.8.2).

G.2.2.4.5. 1777. A. Ramsay, “View of Licenza on the east side looking towards Lucretilis.” Pencil drawing; 18.0 x 20.5 cm. (=Ramsay 3.5, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 158).

G.2.2.5. 1777. J. More. At the request of Allan Ramsay, he prepared a series of watercolors of the Licenza Valley in 1777. See P. Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 52-58.

G.2.2.5.1. 1777. J. More, “L23. View down the valley with meandering river, hill slopes on either side.” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 505. Pen and ink with wash over black chalk; 33.4 x 44.6 cm.(=More1,AndrewinFrischerandBrown,160with��g.8.3).Notes��derivesfromRamsayG.2.2.3.

G.2.2.5.2. 1777. J. More, “View of the Valley of Digentia, the Situation of Horace’s house, Rocca Giovane, �olle Franchise, �olle Franco and San �osimato.” National Gallery of Scotland, D1417. Watercolor over pencil; 34.5 x 53.8 cm. (=More 2, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 160).

G.2. Graphic sources

597

G.2.2.5.3. 1777.J.More,“ViewfromCountOrsini’sWindowoftheValleyofDigentia—notdrawninproportion.” National Gallery of Scotland, D1415. Watercolor over ink and pencil; 45.1 x 60.4 cm. (=More 3, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 160). Notes: derives from Ramsay G.2.2.3.

G.2.2.5.4. 1777. J. More, “L22 [View of Licenza].” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 506. Pen and ink and wash over black chalk; 33.4 x 44.5 cm. (=More 4, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 161).

G.2.2.5.5. 1777. J. More, “[A View of Licenza].” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 374. Yellow-green and brown washes over pencil or black chalk; 33.3 x 44.4 cm. (=More 5, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 161).

G.2.2.5.6. 1777. J. More, “L21 [View near Licenza].” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 504. Green and brown wash over black chalk; 34.0 x 51.5 cm. (=More 6, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 161).

G.2.2.5.7. 1777. J. More, “View of the Hillock to the east of Horace’s house, Mons Lucretilis, and the Mill of Licenza. The source of Fonte Ratini just about the two little �ypresses Taken from a little rising a little to the north of �olle.” National Gallery of Scotland, D1416. Watercolor over pencil with pale washes; 34.2 x 53.4 cm. (=More 7, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 161 and Plate V). Notes: view from the �olle Franchisi toward the west across the Licenza River toward the Mill on the modern Luisella Hotel property. In the middle ground is the �astagneto, behind which (and hence out of view) is the villa site. Provides a precious glimpse of the agricultural and pastoral use of the valley and mountains, which appears sparsely settled and mainly farmed along the river and on the slopes of the �olle Rotondo rising off the Vicovaro-Licenza road (the modern Via Licinese).

G.2.2.5.8. 1777. J. More, “A View of Horac<e>’s Villa taken near the Mill of Licenza.” �oll. James Holloway. Watercolor; 36.1 x 50.3 cm. (=More 8, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.9. 1777. J. More, “[View of Horace’s Villa].” National Gallery of Scotland, D5028. Watercolor and body color over pencil; 51.0 x 72.0 cm. (=More 9, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162). Notes: view just off the Vicovaro-Licenza road (the modern Via Licenese) just to the east of the �astagneto and the Mill, on the property of the modern Luisella Hotel. A view of the villa site is blocked by the �astagneto.

G.2.2.5.10. 1777. J. More, “[View of Licenza].” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 538. Watercolor and bodycolor; 37.1 x 54.4 cm. (=More 10, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.11. 1777. J. More, “View near the Mill, looking towards Licenza. Horace’s Villa on the left.” Yale �enter for British Art, Paul Mellon �ollection, B.1977.14.5766. Pen and black ink and watercolor over pencil; 28 x 40 cm. (=More 11, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.12. 1777. J. More, “A view of Licenza on the East side, looking towards Mons Lucretilis, No. 4.” National Gallery of Scotland, D4938. Pen and ink and wash over pencil; 27.6 x 39.6 cm. (=More 12, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.13. 1777. J. More, “View from Licenza, looking to the west, towards Mons Lucretilis. Horace’s villa lies a little above the house in this drawing, No. 5.” Location unknown (�hristie’s, London,

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17 November 1992 [82]). Watercolor; 27.7 x 40.2 cm. (=More 13, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.14. 1777. J. More, “View of Rocca Giovane, No. 6.” National Gallery of Scotland, RSA 355. Pencil and wash; 27.5 x 40.3 cm. (=More 14, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 162).

G.2.2.5.15. 1777. J. More, “[Horace’s Villa].” British Museum 1870-12-10-237. Watercolor over pencil; 35.4 x 49.4 cm. (=More 15, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 163). Notes: a view from �olle Franchisi of the �astagneto, which blocks the view of the villa site.

G.2.2.5.16. 1777. J. More, “[Rocca Giovane].” Location unknown (Spink’s, London, 1978). Pencil and wash, 35.0 x 49.5 cm. (=More 16, Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 163).

G.2.2.6. 1780. J. P. Hackert. In 1780, Hackert produced ten paintings of the Licenza Valley and ten related engravings. The paintings are now in the Goethe Museum in Düsseldorf. The engravings were published in multiple copies. In 1782-83, Hackert added to the engravings a relief map of the Licenza Valley. See P. Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 59-66.

G.2.2.6.1. 1780. J. P. Hackert,2 “Endoit ou la Maison de �ampagne d’Horace ete situe Rocca Giovine.” Goethe Museum, Düsseldorf. Gouache; 33 x 44 cm. (=Hackert 1.7, Andrew in Frischer and Brown,164with��g.8.14).

G.2.2.6.2. 1780. J. P. Hackert, “Vue de la situation de la maison de campagne d’Horace, avec Rocca Giovine prise du Village de Licenza….” Engraving, 37.5 x 47.0 cm. (=Hackert 2.7, AndrewEngraving, 37.5 x 47.0 cm. (=Hackert 2.7, Andrew inFrischerandBrown,166with��g.8.20).Notes��inalegend,Hackertstatesthatbeneaththewhite bird is the archaeological site. The view is from the �olle Franchisi, on the eastern side of the Licenza River. The white bird is not over the modern archaeological site, called “a” in Ramsay (G.2.2.3). It seems rather to be several hundred meters to the west, over the Ninfeo degli Orsini, where de �haupy reported seeing lead waterpipes and tesserae of pasta vitrea in G.1.8.4 (cf. Frischer 1998, 282-287).

G.2.2.7. 1790 (?). L. Sabatelli, La villa d’Orazio o la sua abitazione di campagna ed i siti circonvicini con una carta topografica della stessa grandezza…. (Rome n. d.), plate 7, “Vue ou etoit(Rome n. d.), plate 7, “Vue ou etoit la maison de campagne d’Horace.” Engraving, 17.1 x 20.2 cm. (=Sabatelli 1.7, Andrew inEngraving, 17.1 x 20.2 cm. (=Sabatelli 1.7, Andrew in FrischerandBrown,168and��g.8.24).

G.2.2.8. 1790 (?). �arlo Labruzzi, “Il Fonte sopra la Villa Oraziana.” Ink and watercolor, 38.2 x 54.4Ink and watercolor, 38.2 x 54.4 cm. On the stone in the foreground are inscribed verses 12-13 of epist. I.16 (“fons etiam rivo darenomenideoneus,utnec/frigidiorThracamnecpuriorambiatHebrus”).OnLabruzzi’sviews of the Licenza area, see Andrew in Frischer and Brown, 58.

G.2.2.9. 1810. Robert Bradstreet, The Sabine Farm, A Poem: Into Which is Interwoven a Series of Translations, Chiefly Descriptive of the Villa and Life of Horace, Occasioned by an Excursion

2. Hackert published ten views of the Licenza valley in 1780; see Andrew, 59-66. Each engraving corresponds to a small gouache (33 x 44 cm), and the ten gouache are now in the Goethe Museum in Düsseldorf. A reduced version of the Hackert engravings was published (with or without Hackert’s knowledge and approval) by Luigi Sabatelli, probably in the 1780s or 90s; see Andrew, 66-67. In this catalogue, I include only one Hackert engraving and one gouache: both are views of the archaeological site. For the rest, see Andrew, 59-66, 164-167, and plates IX-XII.

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from Rome to Licenza (London 1810). Two plates show features in the Licenza valley: the plate opposite p. 81 shows Roccagiovine (“Roccagiovine, anciently Fanum Vacunae”); the plate opposite p. 84 shows the view from �olle Franchisi across the Licenza River toward the villa site and the Monte Rotondo (“Valley of Licenza, looking towards the Scite [sic] of the Villa Horatiana”).

G.2.2.10. 1816. J(ohn) Smith, W. Byrne, and J. Edwards, Select Views in Italy, with Topographical and Historical Descriptions, in English and French (London 1816), plate 36: “Villa of Horace, drawn by J. Smith and engraved by J. Emes.” The accompanying text states that the villa was at the foot of Mt. Lucretilis and below Licenza (in the center of the engraving).

G.2.2.11. 1829 (?). W. Havell and F. W. Topham, “The Valley of Licenza, in which stood the Villa of Horace.” Engraving, 9 x 2.5 cm. Notes: the view is on the Via Licinese to the south of Licenza. No view of the villa itself is seen. William Havell (1782-1857) visited Italy in 1828-29. The sketchonwhichthisviewisbasedmaythereforegobackto1828/29;itisnotknownwhenitwas published.

G.2.2.12. 1830 (?). �harles-Joseph Hullmandel, published by Mcqueen & �o. (n. p., n. d.). Notes: Hullmandel lived from 1789-1850; the date given here is just a guess. The view is of the Via Licinese, with Licenza and �ivitella in the background.

G.2.2.13. Ca.1833. JamesDuf��eldHarding,“Licenza from the spotwhere formerly stoodHorace’sVilla” (London, ca. 1833). Engraving, 13.25 x 8.70 cm. Notes: the exact site illustrated by Harding is hard to locate today. It would appear to be lower down the slope of the �olle Rotondo, near the bank of the Licenza River. On the other hand, the arch standing in the middle ground on the left could be ancient. The position of the drawing appears similar to that in Smith’s engraving above (G.2.2.10), although we are placed higher up the slopes of the �olle Rotondo.

G.2.2.14. 1849. [anon.], apud Henry Hart Milman, The Works of Quintus Horatius Flaccus Illustrated Chiefly from the Remains of Ancient Art. With a Life (London 1849) 21: “Fons Bandusiae” (Fonte Bello in Fosso delle �hiuse); 47: “Digentia” (a black and white illustration of the town of Licenza seen from the south along the river banks, not far from the �astagneto and the villa site, neither of which is seen); 61: “Rocca Giovane”; 415: “Varia” (the monastery of S. �osimato with the old bridge over the Anio River); 421: “A Fountain on the Sabine Farm at Digentia. From a sketch taken in 1816 by the Rev. J. Eagles” (the Nymphaeum of the Orsini). It is not stated who the artist or artists of the other views were.

G.2.2.15. 1885. Tito Berti, views of the mosaics in rooms 1 and 4 and of the surface of the site in the VignediSanPietro.PrintedasinsetsonBerti’s“Piantatopogra��cadellavallatadelLicenza,”dated 1886 (=G.2.1.26) and bound with his booklet, La villa di Orazio (Rome 1886).

G.2.3. pHotoGrapHsoFsitesidentiFiedasHorace’sVilla,1855to1911

G.2.3.1. �a. 1855. Anon., photography of Horace’s Villa, from Joannis Bond, Qvinti Horatii Flacci opera.... 47 x 76 mm. This is the earliest photograph purporting to illustrate the villa. It actually shows the �olle del Poetello at nearby Rocca Giovine, which, owing to the theories of Pietro Rosa, in the mid-nineteenth century was erroneously thought to be the site of Horace’s Villa. The photograph is interesting for showing us how important Horace’s Villa was considered

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intheperiodofearlyphotography.Infact,ithasbeensaidthatthisisthe��rstphotographicillustration ever published in a book. The view is from north to south toward the Anio valley andthemountaintownofSaracinesco.Intheforegroundwesee“thearti��cialterracewheresome bricks lying on the ground indicate the location of an ancient Roman house.”

G.2.3.2. 1910. �. L. Dana and J. �. Dana, The Letters of Horace Presented to Modern Readers (Woodstock, Vermont 1911).

G.2.3.2.1. 1910. Dana and Dana, “Pavement on the supposed site of Horace’s house,” opposite p. xvi.

G.2.3.2.2. 1910. Dana and Dana, “Mount Lucretilis and the Sabine Farm,” opposite p. xviii.

G.2.3.2.3. 1910. Dana and Dana, “Entrance to the Sabine Farm,” opposite p. 38.

G.2.4. 1911-1914.GrapHicdocumentationoFpasqui’sexcaVations

�ollection of drawings in SAR AS Pal. Altemps, b.18 fasc. 10.3

Folio Description Notes

1 Areas 23, 34, 33, 32, 21, 20, 19, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 15, 5, 16

2 Area 53: section through stairwell

3 Rooms 11, 12 (plan)

4 Details of Area 53

4v Brick stamps From Area 53? Includes MN NAEV., ��OMIN FE�FELI�, LPOMP. Dated “Licenza, 9 May 1911.”

5 Rooms 11, 12 (section)

6 Area 53: section through niche

6v Area 53: section through structure Anoteidenti��esthelevelwhereburialswere found

7 Areas 53, 47, 48, 39, 34, 33, 32, 20, 23, 25, 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 8

Situation late March, 1912

8 Areas 53, 52, 47, 36, 48, 46, 45 Summer, 1911

9 Area 53 May-June, 1911

10 Area 53

11 Areas 8, 17, 26, “muro di cinta” “Licenza, 25 Ottobre 1913”Note that the “muro di cinta” is drawn longer to the west than was actually built

3. These documents were found by Dr. Klaus Werner, who attributed them to Lanciani. Dr. Werner wishes to express histhankstoDr.MariaElenaBertoldi,DirectoroftheArchive,whohelpedhimto��ndthismaterial.BernardFrischerattributedthemtoPasqui’sof��ce.

G.2. Graphic sources

601

Folio Description Notes

11v Areas 53, 52, 49, 48, 47, 23, 25 Summer, 1911 (?)

12 Rooms 22, 15, 14, 12, 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 7 Situation ca. April 22, 1912

13 Area 53

14 Detail of Area 53

15 Area 53 and outline of residence and quadriporticus superimposed on cadaster

Summer, 1911 (?)

16 Villa outline on cadaster

17 Areas 53, 47, 48, 44, 43, 49 “Licenza, 2 Giugno 1911... staccato il lavoro per portare su la lastra di piombo-grande fatica degli operai...”

17v List of workers

18 Section of engaged column drum; drawing of fragmentary frieze block; drawing of pavement from roof-tileswhoseflangeshavebeencut

Dated: May 11, 1911

18v Note dated 22 Maggio 1911; may not pertain to Horace’s Villa

19 Drawing of sewers in baths

19v Sections of drains

20 Villa plan and cadaster

21 Villa plan and cadaster

22 Villa plan and cadaster

23 Areas 53, 47, 48, 39, 34, 33, 32, 20, 23, 25, 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 8, 22, 15, 14, 12, 4

Situation of May, 1912

23a Detail of Area 6 Feature present no longer seen; 1.85 x 1.46 m walls of brick with notation “reinterrato;” “muro di cinta” broken line in area of fountain and peristyle

23c Detail of Area 54 South wall of quadriporticus is unbroken where Lugli, etc. show opening

G.2.5. 1911-1914.pasqui’spHotoGrapHicdocumentationoFHisexcaVations

Selections from the photographs in the Photographic Archive of the Archaeological Superintendency for Lazio (=SAL).

G.2.5.1. 1911-1914. SAL F337: Area 53 and adjacent areas seen from the east during excavation and restoration (=SAL A96-1070=G.2.5.18).

G.2.5.2. 1911-1914. SAL F338: shot from south of corridor 23, pool 25 and the baulk between 25 and the residence.

Bernard Frischer

602

G.2.5.3. 1914-15 (?). SAL F339: shot of residence from southeast. Work has ceased, and the restorations have been completed.

G.2.5.4. 1911-1914. SAL F368: shot from the south of the following areas of the residence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

G.2.5.5. 1911-1914. SAL F370: shot from the southwest of the following areas of the residence and baths: 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 33 (=SAL F374=G.2.5.9).

G.2.5.6. 1911-1914. SAL F371: shot from the west of the following areas of the residence and baths: 5, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33.

G.2.5.7. 1911-1914. SAL F372: shot from the south of the following rooms of the imperial baths: 47, 48, 52, 53. Views also of the corridor 23 and the baulk of the garden between the residence and the pool (25).

G.2.5.8. 1911-1914. SAL F373: shot from the east across the pool (25) and garden to the south toward Area 53 of the imperial baths.

G.2.5.9. 1911-1914. SAL F374: =SAL F370 (G.2.5.5).

G.2.5.10. 1911-1914. SAL F375: view from within structure 53 looking north toward Licenza.

G.2.5.11. 1911-1914. SAL F376: view from within structure 53 looking west.

G.2.5.12. 1911 (?). SAL E661: view of the imperial baths from 53 to 50 prior to excavation.

G.2.5.13. 1911 (?). SAL E663: view of the corridor 23 during the early stage of the excavation.

G.2.5.14. 1911-1914. SAL E729: view of imperial baths and residence from southwest including the following Areas: 13, 20, 21, 25, 22, 33, 34 (=G.2.8.2.1)

G.2.5.15. 1911-1914. SAL E730: view of residence with workers, from the west, with views of the following Areas: 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31.

G.2.5.16. 1911-1914. SAL A96-949: view of the residence from the east with Areas 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.

G.2.5.17. Date unknown. SAL A96-950: photograph of a reconstruction of the villa set in the landscape. It is not clear who the artist was nor the medium in which he was working. The villa is shown in the phase before construction of the imperial baths.

G.2.5.18. 1911-1914. SAL A96-1070: Area 53 and adjacent areas seen from the east during excavation and restoration (=G.2.5.1).

G.2. Graphic sources

603

G.2.6. 1911-1914:pHotoGrapHsoFpasqui’sexcaVationFromotHersources

G.2.6.1. February, 1913. William �lifford Heilman

G.2.6.1.1. February, 1913. William �lifford Heilman apud E. K. Rand, A Walk to Horace’s Farm (Oxford 1930) 29: pool (25) seen from the southeast to the north, with baths to the west and baulk between the pool and the residence to the north (cf. SAL F338=G.2.5.2 for a similar view from the southwest corner of the pool).

G.2.6.1.2. February, 1913. William �lifford Heilman apud Rand, 62: staircase to residence at the north end of corridor 23.

G.2.6.2. May, 1913. V. R. Vaucher, “La villa d’Horace,” L’Illustration, May 17, 1913, 451-453; I have seenonlythemicro��lm.SomeofVaucher’sphotographsarereproducedinRand,A Walk to Horace’s Farm (Oxford 1930) 42 (=Vaucher, 451); 44 (=Vaucher, 453); 48 (=Vaucher, 452); 75 (=Vaucher, 453).

G.2.6.2.1. May, 1913. V. R. Vaucher apud Rand, 42: view of the residence from the west at Area 33.

G.2.6.2.2. May, 1913. V. R. Vaucher apud Rand, 44: room 21 seen from the south.

G.2.6.2.3. May, 1913. V. R. Vaucher apud Rand, 48: Area 53 seen from the south.

G.2.6.3. September, 1913. Paolo Giordani, “La villa d’Orazio,” La Lettura. Rivista mensile del CorriereRivista mensile del Corriere della Sera 13 (September, 1913) 845-850.

G.2.6.3.1. September, 1913. Giordani, 847 (top): corridor 23 seen from the south.

G.2.6.3.2. September, 1913. Giordani, 847 (bottom): Area 53 seen from the northwest.

G.2.6.3.3. September, 1913. Giordani, 848 (top): room 34.

G.2.6.3.4. September, 1913. Giordani, 848 (bottom): Area 32 seen from the south.

G.2.6.3.5. September, 1913. Giordani, 849 (top): view across the residence from the west of room 33.

G.2.6.3.6. September, 1913. Giordani, 849 (bottom): view of the front of the residence, from the east staircase to the west.

G.2.7. pHotoGrapHsFromtHeGaBinettoFotoGraFiconazionale,ministeroperiBeniculturali,rome

These are catalogued and captioned, but have no date.

G.2.7.1. GabinettoFotogra��coNazionaleG.15725.Viewoverthenorthwestcorneroftheexcavationsto the Monte Rotondo.

G.2.7.2. GabinettoFotogra��coNazionaleG.15727.Mosaicinroom4.

Bernard Frischer

604

G.2.7.3. GabinettoFotogra��coNazionaleG.15728.Viewoftheresidencefromthesoutheast.

G.2.7.4. GabinettoFotogra��coNazionaleG.15729.Viewfromthesouthwestofrooms33,34,stairsfrom the western corridor of the quadriporticus to the residence, Areas 13, 22, 21, 20, 19, 15. This appears to have been taken during the latter part of the excavation campaign of 1911-14 when work was still underway.

G.2.7.5. GabinettoFotogra��coNazionaleG.15730.Viewof theeasternpartof interiorof structure53.

G.2.8. 1920-1990.miscellaneouspHotoGrapHsdocumentinGtHeconditionoFtHesite

G.2.8.1. 1923. G. H. Hallam, Horace at Tibur and the Sabine Farm (Harrow School Bookshop 1923), opposite p. 10: photograph of the villa from Area 53 over the baths toward the residence and Licenza beyond.

G.2.8.2. 1926. Giuseppe Lugli, “La villa sabina di Orazio,” Monumenti Antichi 31 (1926) cols. 457-457-598.

G.2.8.2.1. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.485-486,��g.7(=SALE729=G.2.5.14).

G.2.8.2.2. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.519-520,��g.21��viewoftheentireresidencefromthewestbehindArea 32.

G.2.8.2.3. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.531-532,��g.22��viewoftheresidencefromthesoutheast.Note��the fountain in Area 8 has been reconstructed. The northern closure wall has not yet been restored to abut the fountain.

G.2.8.2.4. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.533-534,��g.23��fountaininArea8seenfromthenorth.

G.2.8.2.5. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.533-534,��g.24��room7seenfromthesouthwest.

G.2.8.2.6. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,col.535,��g.25��northterminationofcorridor23withthestaircasetothe residence seen from the south.

G.2.8.2.7. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.537-538,��g.26��centralpartofsouthernareaoftheresidence,seen from the south with good view of the center staircase (now restored) and Area 13.

G.2.8.2.8. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.539-540,��g.27��mosaicinroom4seenfromthesouthendoftheroom. Fig. 28 is a measured drawing of the mosaic.

G.2.8.2.9. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.543-544,��g.29��mosaicinroom1seenfromthesouth.Fig.30isa measured drawing of the mosaic.

G.2.8.2.10. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.547-548,��g.32��viewofroom34fromthewest.

G.2.8.2.11. 1926.GiuseppeLugli, cols.549-550,��g.34��viewfrom the southof thebuttresseson thewestern external wall of corridor 23.

G.2. Graphic sources

605

G.2.8.2.12. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.549-550,��g.35��pool(25)seenfromthesouth;thebaulkbetweenthe pool and the residence is visible, as is the northern section of corridor 23.

G.2.8.2.13. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,col.551,��g.36��Area32fromthesouth.

G.2.8.2.14. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.551-552,��g.37��Area33fromthesouth.

G.2.8.2.15. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.553-554,��g.38��room48fromthenorth.

G.2.8.2.16. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.555-556,��g.40��interiorofstructure53fromthesoutheast.

G.2.8.2.17. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.557-558,��g.41��interiorofstructure53fromthesouthwest.Inthebackground, the northern wall of pool (25) is visible, as is the baulk of the garden between the pool and the residence.

G.2.8.2.18. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,col.559,��g.42��centralpartoftheupperleveloftheinteriorofthewestern side of structure 53 seen from the east.

G.2.8.2.19. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.561-562,��g.44��rooms27,28,29,30seenfromthesouth.

G.2.8.2.20. 1926.GiuseppeLugli,cols.563-564,��g.46��Area36fromthesouth.Notethattheareahasnot yet been completely excavated.

G.2.8.3. 1927. Thomas Ashby, Archive, British School in Rome. Licenza 87-100, This collection includes fourteen shots of the Licenza area, of which the following two show areas of Horace’s Villa.

G.2.8.3.1. 1927. Thomas Ashby, Archive, British School in Rome. Licenza 87. View of the residence, with Areas 1-26 seen from the east.

G.2.8.3.2. 1927. Thomas Ashby, Archive, British School in Rome. Licenza 88. View of the interior of room 53, seen from the south.

G.2.8.4. 1930-31 Lugli-Price excavation photos (Price family of Denver, �olorado).

G.2.8.4.1. 1930-31. Excavation in progress in Area 55 (view from north to south).

G.2.8.4.2. 1930-31. Excavation in progress in Area 55 (view from south to north).

G.2.8.4.3. 1930-31. View of “Horace’s Villa” with restoration in progress in room 19 (foreground) and excavation in progress in Area 55 (background).

G.2.8.4.4. 1930-31. �loseup of two oval features in the center of eastern branch of the quadriporticus (Area 55).

G.2.8.5. Before 1931. Postcards of the site in the photographic archive of the German Archaeological Institute, Rome. Inventoried in 1931 but of uncertain date.

Bernard Frischer

606

G.2.8.5.1. Before 1931. Institute negative nr. 8720. A shot showing Areas 53 to 24.

G.2.8.5.2. Before 1931. Institute negative nr. 8721. A shot showing Areas 34, 33, 13, 21, 15.

G.2.8.5.3. Before 1931. Institute negative nr. 8722. A shot showing 13, 1, 2, 4, 9, 11, 10, 12, 5, 14, 7, 8, 16, 17.

G.2.8.6. 1935. Giuseppe Lugli’s guided tour of “Horace’s Villa” to a group from the Istituto di Studi Romani (Lugli Family collection).

G.2.8.6.1. 1935. Lugli with a group in a room of the residence. A small tract of opus reticulatum can be seen.

G.2.8.6.2. 1935. Lugli lectures to a group. A corner of room 6 can be seen.

G.2.8.6.3. 1935. Lugli talks to a group standing in structure 53.

G.2.8.7. 1955. Photographs by Ernest Nash in the Fototeca Unione (American Academy in Rome).

G.2.8.7.1. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2715. View of residence from the east (rooms 1, 3 and 6 in foreground).

G.2.8.7.2. 1955 Fototeca Unione, neg. 2716. View from the north of Area 8.

G.2.8.7.3. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2717. View of Area 8 from the west.

G.2.8.7.4. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2718. View of Area 8 from the southeast.

G.2.8.7.5. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2719. View of Area 8 from the southwest corner.

G.2.8.7.6. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2720. View of the northern part of room 33 from the west.

G.2.8.7.7. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2721. View of the northern bath complex and the residence from the west.

G.2.8.7.8. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2722. View of the interior of room 33 from the south.

G.2.8.7.9. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2723. View of structure 53 from the south.

G.2.8.7.10. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2727. View of the stairs leading from middle of area 13 to the garden.

G.2.8.7.11. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2728. View of the southern wall of the residence and the stairs in the middle of corridor 13 from the west.

G.2.8.7.12. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2730. View of pool (25) from the south.

G.2. Graphic sources

607

G.2.8.7.13. 1955. Fototeca Unione, neg. 2731. View of the eastern branch of the quadriporticus (Area 55).

G.2.8.8. 1960s to 1990s. Soprintendenza Archeologica per il Lazio, Photographic Archive. These photographs are not captioned. The date refers to the year written on the SAL inventory (or hypothesized) and not necessarily to the time of the shot.

G.2.8.8.1. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20650. Detail of a wall in opus reticulatum showing damage. Exact location not given.

G.2.8.8.2. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20651. Detail of a wall in opus reticulatum showing damage. Exact location not given.

G.2.8.8.3. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20653. Detail of mosaic in 11.

G.2.8.8.4. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20652. Detail of mosaic in 1.

G.2.8.8.5. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20673. Detail of a wall in opus reticulatum showing damage. Exact location not given.

G.2.8.8.6. October, 1964. SAL neg. 20674. Detail of interior of 53.

G.2.8.8.7. 1965. SAL neg. 22784. Marble satyr mask used for fountain; Lugli F1. Stolen in theft of Dec. 31, 1977-Jan. 1, 1978.

G.2.8.8.8. 1965.SALneg.22785.Pro��leviewofthemarblesatyrmask;LugliF1.

G.2.8.8.9. 1965. SAL neg. 22787. Funerary inscription of L. Licinius Procuius; not in Lugli.

G.2.8.8.10. 1965. SAL neg. 22788. Funerary inscription of L. Licinius Procuius; not in Lugli.

G.2.8.8.11. 1965. SAL neg. 22794. Detail of fountain structure in 8.

G.2.8.8.12. 1965. SAL neg. 22795. Detail of a wall in opus reticulatum showing damage in 34.

G.2.8.8.13. 1965. SAL neg. 22796. Detail of the wall in opus reticulatum at the southern end of 33.

G.2.8.8.14. 1965. SAL neg. 22797. Detail of the later walls inside 33.

G.2.8.8.15. 1965. SAL neg. 28985. Detail of northern end of 33. Negative printed on the wrong side (as in a mirror).

G.2.8.8.16. 1965. SAL neg. 28987. Detail of 32.

G.2.8.8.17. 1965. SAL neg. 28991. View of the Ninfeo degli Orsini.

G.2.8.8.18. 1965. SAL neg. 28992. Detail of unknown part of the site showing damage to ancient walls. Probably the negative was printed on the wrong side (as in a mirror).

Bernard Frischer

608

G.2.8.8.19. 1965. SAL neg. 28996. Detail of 53.

G.2.8.8.20. 1965. SAL neg. 29001. View of the Ninfeo degli Orsini.

G.2.8.8.21. 1965. SAL neg. 30659. Detail of the arch in the foundation of the perimeter wall in 21 and 33.

G.2.8.8.22. 1965. SAL neg. 30660. Detail of unknown part of the site showing damage to ancient walls.

G.2.8.8.23. 1965. SAL neg. 30662. Detail of unknown part of the site showing damage to ancient walls.

G.2.8.8.24. 1965. SAL neg. 30663. Detail of unknown part of the site showing damage to ancient walls.

G.2.8.8.25. 1965. SAL neg. 30664. Detail of 33: arch in the foundation of the perimeter wall between 21 and 33.

G.2.8.8.26. 1965. SAL neg. 30666. Licenza seen from the site.

G.2.8.8.27. 1965. SAL neg. 30667. Detail of mosaic in 1.

G.2.8.8.28. 1965. SAL neg. 30669. Detail of mosaic in 11.

G.2.8.8.29. 1965. SAL neg. 30670. Detail of mosaic in 16.

G.2.8.8.30. 1965. SAL neg. 30671. Detail of mosaic in 4.

G.2.8.8.31. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1614. Restoration work in progress in Areas 47-48.

G.2.8.8.32. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1615. Restoration work in progress in main drain of villa between 23 and 36-41.

G.2.8.8.33. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1616. Shot of a small section of lead fistula; context unclear (probably Areas 37-40).

G.2.8.8.34. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1617. Shot of interior of 33.

G.2.8.8.35. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1618. Shot of interior of 20.

G.2.8.8.36. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1619. Detail of interior of 20.

G.2.8.8.37. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1620. Shot of 19.

G.2.8.8.38. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1621. �ivitella seen from the archaeological site.

G.2.8.8.39. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1622. Licenza seen from the archaeological site.

G.2.8.8.40. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1623. General view of Areas 27, 28, 29, 30, 26, 18, 19, 17, 16, 5.

G.2. Graphic sources

609

G.2.8.8.41. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1624. Shot of the interior of 33.

G.2.8.8.42. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1625. Shot of restoration in progress in the main drain of villa (Areas 36, 41).

G.2.8.8.43. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1626. Shot of restoration in progress of western wall of 23, main drain of villa (Areas 36, 41).

G.2.8.8.44. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1627. Shot of restoration in progress of western wall of 23, main drain of villa (Areas 36, 41).

G.2.8.8.45. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1628. Shot of work in progress in 25.

G.2.8.8.46. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1629. Shot of work in progress in 25.

G.2.8.8.47. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1630. Shot of work in progress in 25.

G.2.8.8.48. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1631. Shot of 24.

G.2.8.8.49. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1632. Shot of 32-33 and slope to west of 35.

G.2.8.8.50. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1633. Shot of detail of apse of 33.

G.2.8.8.51. 1960s-70s? SAL neg. I 1634. Shot of detail of interior of 33.

G.2.8.8.52. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1762 L 80. Inspection of site. Areas from 35 to 53.

G.2.8.8.53. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1763 L 80. Inspection of site. Areas 38-39.

G.2.8.8.54. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1764 L 80. Inspection of site. Area 38.

G.2.8.8.55. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1765 L 80. Inspection of site. Areas 38-39.

G.2.8.8.56. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1766 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of site, probably in Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.57. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1767 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of site, probably in Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.58. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1768 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of site, probably in Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.59. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1769 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of site, probably in Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.60. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1770 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.61. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1771 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Areas 38-40.

Bernard Frischer

610

G.2.8.8.62. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1772 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of site, probably in Areas 38-40.

G.2.8.8.63. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1773 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Areas 38 and 35.

G.2.8.8.64. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1774 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of top of wall in 38.

G.2.8.8.65. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1775 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of wall in Area 38 or 40.

G.2.8.8.66. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1776 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Area 40.

G.2.8.8.67. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1777 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of 50.

G.2.8.8.68. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1778 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of scarp to west of 51.

G.2.8.8.69. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1779 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Areas 41-42.

G.2.8.8.70. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1780 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 40.

G.2.8.8.71. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1781 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of 35 and slope to west of it.

G.2.8.8.72. April4,1980.SALneg.1782L80.Inspectionofsite.Unidenti��abledetailofsite.

G.2.8.8.73. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1783 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of area 25.

G.2.8.8.74. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1784 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of 25.

G.2.8.8.75. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1785 L 80. Inspection of site. Detail of 25.

G.2.8.8.76. April 4, 1980. SAL neg. 1786 L 80. Inspection of site. Shot of 25.

G.2.8.8.77. February 1981. SAL neg. 441 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello. Shot of eastern branch (55) of quadriporticus to stairway to residence.

G.2.8.8.78. February 1981. SAL neg. 442 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello. Shot of quadriporticus garden.

G.2.8.8.79. February 1981. SAL neg. 443 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello. Shot of western branch (23) of the quadriporticus.

G.2.8.8.80. February 1981. SAL neg. 444 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.81. February 1981. SAL neg. 445 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Areas 41, 47, 52).

G.2.8.8.82. February 1981. SAL neg. 446 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Area 41).

G.2. Graphic sources

611

G.2.8.8.83. February 1981. SAL neg. 447 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Areas 15, 21, 22).

G.2.8.8.84. February 1981. SAL neg. 448 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Areas 14, 15).

G.2.8.8.85. February 1981. SAL neg. 449 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.86. February 1981. SAL neg. 450 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Areas 32, 33).

G.2.8.8.87. February 1981. SAL neg. 451 L 81. Visit preliminary to the excavation of Bedello (Areas 32, 33).

G.2.8.8.88. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 656. Shot of 55 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.89. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 657. Shot of 55 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.90. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 658. Shot of 55? during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.91. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 659. Shot of 55? during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.92. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 660. Shot of 55? during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.93. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 662. Shot of 36 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.94. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 663. Shot of 20-21 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.95. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 664. Shot of 20 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.96. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 665. Shot of 20 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.97. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 676. Shot of 49, 53 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.98. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 677. Shot of 53 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.99. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 678. Shot of 53 during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.100. 1981 (after February). SAL neg. 679. Shot of 39-38? during work of restoration of walls.

G.2.8.8.101. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2141. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.102. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2142. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.103. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2143. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.104. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2144. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

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612

G.2.8.8.105. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2145. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.106. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2146. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.107. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2147. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.108. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2148. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.109. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2149. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.110. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2150. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.111. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2151. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.112. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2152. Shot of 55 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.113. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2153. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.114. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2154. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.115. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2155. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.116. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2156. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.117. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2157. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.118. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2158. Shot of 25 during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.119. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2159. Shot of unknown feature during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.120. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2160. Shot of unrecognizable feature during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.121. 1981 (July). SAL neg. 2161. Shot of unrecognizable feature during excavations of Bedello.

G.2.8.8.122. 1982. SAL neg. a82-574. Shot of 32, 33, 13.

G.2.8.8.123. 1982. SAL neg. a82-575. Shot of 32, 33, 13.

G.2.8.8.124. 1982. SAL neg. a82-576. Shot of 32, 33, 13.

G.2.8.8.125. 1982. SAL neg. a82-577. Shot of 20, 33.

G.2.8.8.126. 1982. SAL neg. a82-578. Shot of 20, 33.

G.2.8.8.127. 1982. SAL neg. a82-579. Shot of 19, 20, 21, 33.

G.2.8.8.128. 1982. SAL neg. a82-771. Shot of 33.

G.2. Graphic sources

613

G.2.8.8.129. 1982. SAL neg. a82-772. Shot of 32, 33, 5.

G.2.8.8.130. 1982. SAL neg. a82-773. Shot of 32, 33, 13.

G.2.8.8.131. 1982. SAL neg. a82-774. Shot of 30, 31, 33.

G.2.8.8.132. 1983. SAL neg. a83-243. Shot of 38, 40.

G.2.8.8.133. 1983. SAL neg. a83-244. Shot of 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.134. 1983. SAL neg. a83-245. Shot of 50, 40, 38, 39, 35.

G.2.8.8.135. 1983. SAL neg. a83-246. Shot of 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.136. 1983. SAL neg. a83-247. Shot of 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.137. 1983. SAL neg. a83-248. Shot of 35, 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.138. 1983. SAL neg. a83-249. Shot of 35, 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.139. 1983. SAL neg. a83-250. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.140. 1983. SAL neg. a83-251. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.141. 1983. SAL neg. a83-252. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.142. 1983. SAL neg. a83-253. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.143. 1983. SAL neg. a83-254. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.144. 1983. SAL neg. a83-255. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.145. 1983. SAL neg. a83-256. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.146. 1983. SAL neg. a83-257. Shot of 35.

G.2.8.8.147. 1983.SALneg.a83-275.ShotofunrecognizableareaduringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.4

G.2.8.8.148. 1983.SALneg.a83-276.ShotofunrecognizableareaduringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

G.2.8.8.149. 1983.SALneg.a83-277.Shotof51,49,48,44duringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

G.2.8.8.150. 1983.SALneg.a83-278.ShotofAreas41-51duringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

G.2.8.8.151. 1983.SALneg.a83-279.ShotofAreas41-51duringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

4. The inventory form in SAL is thus labelled.

Bernard Frischer

614

G.2.8.8.152. 1983.SALneg.a83-280.ShotofAreas41-51duringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

G.2.8.8.153. 1983.SALneg.a83-281.ShotofAreas41-51duringrestorationworkbyD’Of��zi.

G.2.8.8.154. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-408. Shot of Areas 35, 37, 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.155. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-409 Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed during excavation.

G.2.8.8.156. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-410. Shot of Area 37 during cleaning.

G.2.8.8.157. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-411. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.158. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-412. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.159. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-413. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.160. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-414. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.161. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-415. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.162. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-416. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.163. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-417. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.164. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-418. Shot of Areas 50, 37 with pipe exposed.

G.2.8.8.165. February 22, 1983. SAL neg. a83-419. Shot of Area 37.

G.2.8.8.166. 1983. SAL neg. a83-612. Shot of Area 53.

G.2.8.8.167. 1983. SAL neg. a83-613. Shot of Area 53.

G.2.8.8.168. 1983. SAL neg. a83-614. Shot of Areas 49, 51.

G.2.8.8.169. 1983. SAL neg. a83-615. Shot of Area 49.

G.2.8.8.170. 1983. SAL neg. a83-616. Shot of Areas 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.171. 1983. SAL neg. a83-617. Shot of Areas 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.172. 1983. SAL neg. a83-618. Shot of Areas 35, 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.173. 1983. SAL neg. a83-619. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 40.

G.2.8.8.174. 1983. SAL neg. a83-620. Shot of Area 37.

G.2.8.8.175. 1983. SAL neg. a83-621. Shot of Areas 39, 23.

G.2. Graphic sources

615

G.2.8.8.176. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-622. Shot of Areas 50, 37.

G.2.8.8.177. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-623. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 40.

G.2.8.8.178. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-624. Shot of Area 37.

G.2.8.8.179. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-625. Shot of Area 37.

G.2.8.8.180. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-626. Shot of Area 37.

G.2.8.8.181. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-627. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 39.

G.2.8.8.182. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-628. Shot of Areas 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.183. February 28, 1983. SAL neg. a83-629. Shot of Areas 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.184. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-818. Shot of Areas 44, 46, 48, 47.

G.2.8.8.185. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-819. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.186. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-820. Shot of Area 35.

G.2.8.8.187. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-821. Shot of Areas 38, 39, 40.

G.2.8.8.188. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-822. Shot of Areas 37, 38, 35, 33.

G.2.8.8.189. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-823. Shot of Area 53.

G.2.8.8.190. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-824. Shot of Area 53.

G.2.8.8.191. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-825. Shot of Area 35.

G.2.8.8.192. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-826. Shot of Areas 35, 32.

G.2.8.8.193. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-834. Shot of Area 44.

G.2.8.8.194. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-835. Shot of Area 48.

G.2.8.8.195. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-836. Shot of Area 53.

G.2.8.8.196. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-837. Shot of Areas 38, 35.

G.2.8.8.197. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-838. Shot of Area 44.

G.2.8.8.198. April 1, 1983. SAL neg. a83-839. Shot of Area 48.

Bernard Frischer

616

G.2.8.8.199. April 15, 1983.5 SAL neg. a83-1107. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.200. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1108. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.201. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1109. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.202. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1110. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.203. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1111. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.204. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1112. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.205. April 15, 1983. SAL neg. a83-1113. Shot of Area 50 with pipe beginning to emerge from soil.

G.2.8.8.206. March,1987.SALneg.L/871154.ShotofAreas19-26.

G.2.8.8.207. March,1987.SALneg.L/871155.ShotofAreas19-26.

G.2.8.8.208. March,1987.SALneg.L/871156.ShotofArea26.

G.2.8.8.209. March,1987.SALneg.L/871157.ShotofAreas26,18.

G.2.8.8.210. March,1987.SALneg.L/871158.ShotoffountaininArea8.

G.2.8.8.211. March,1987.SALneg.L/871159.ShotoffountaininArea8.

G.2.8.8.212. March,1987.SALneg.L/871160.ShotoffountaininArea8.

G.2.8.8.213. March,1987.SALneg.L/871161.ShotofArea1.

G.2.8.8.214. March,1987.SALneg.L/871162.ShotofAreas30,31,19,18,5,8.

G.2.8.8.215. March,1987.SALneg.L/871163.ShotofAreas30,31,19,18,5,8.

G.2.8.8.216. March,1987.SALneg.L/871164.ShotofAreas35,32,33.

G.2.8.8.217. March,1987.SALneg.L/871165.ShotofArea55.

5. ThisdateiswrittenonthephotographicinventoryforminSAL.Inviewofthefactthatthetopofthe��stulain50is just starting to emerge (cf. Bruun, D.13.2.2, nos. 5, 6, and 7), one wonders whether this series of negatives is not misdated to April, 1983, since the series G.2.8.8.152-165 carries the date February 22, 1983 on the inventory form in SAL, and they show the pipe fully dug out of the ground.

G.2. Graphic sources

617

G.2.8.8.218. March,1987.SALneg.L/871166.ShotofArea55.

G.2.8.8.219. March,1987.SALneg.L/871167.ShotofAreas34,36,41.

G.2.8.8.220. March,1987.SALneg.L/871168.ShotofArea32.

G.2.8.8.221. 1993.SALneg.L/936052.ShotofAreas20,22.

G.2.8.8.222. 1993.SALneg.L/936053.ShotofAreas20,21.

G.2.8.8.223. 1993.SALneg.L/936054.ShotofAreas19,20.

G.2.8.8.224. 1993.SALneg.L/936055.ShotofAreas19,20.

G.2.8.8.225. 1993.SALneg.L/936056.ShotofArea20.

G.2.8.8.226. 1993.SALneg.L/936057.ShotofArea20.

G.2.8.8.227. 1993.SALneg.L/936058.ShotofAreas19,20.

G.2.8.8.228. 1993.SALneg.L/936059.ShotofAreas19,20.

G.2.8.8.229. 1993.SALneg.L/936060.ShotofArea21.

G.2.8.8.230. 1993.SALneg.L/936061.ShotofArea21.

G.2.8.8.231. 1993.SALneg.L/936062.ShotofAreas21,20.

G.2.8.8.232. 1993.SALneg.L/936063.ShotofAreas33,20.

G.2.8.8.233. 1993.SALneg.L/936064.ShotofAreas33,20.

G.2.8.8.234. 1993.SALneg.L/936065.ShotofArea20.

G.2.8.8.235. 1993.SALneg.L/936066.ShotofAreas18,26,28.

G.2.8.8.236. 1993.SALneg.L/936067.ShotofAreas18,26,28.

G.2.8.8.237. 1993.SALneg.L/936068.ShotofArea44.

G.2.8.8.238. 1993.SALneg.L/936069.ShotofArea44.

G.2.8.8.239. 1993.SALneg.L/936070.Shotofanunrecognizablearea.

G.2.8.8.240. 1993.SALneg.L/936071.ShotofArea23.

G.2.8.8.241. 1993.SALneg.L/936072.ShotofArea36.

Bernard Frischer

618

G.2.8.8.242. 1993.SALneg.L/936073.ShotofArea20.

G.2.8.8.243. 1993.SALneg.L/936185.ShotofArea33.

G.2.8.8.244. 1993.SALneg.L/936186.ShotofArea33.

G.2.8.8.245. 1993.SALneg.L/936187.ShotofAreas32,33.

G.2.8.8.246. 1993.SALneg.L/936188.ShotofAreas33,21.

G.2.8.8.247. 1993.SALneg.L/936189.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.248. 1993.SALneg.L/936190.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.249. 1993.SALneg.L/936191.ShotofAreas26,27,28.

G.2.8.8.250. 1993.SALneg.L/936195.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.251. 1993SALneg.L/936196.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.252. 1993.SALneg.L/937350.ShotofArea33.

G.2.8.8.253. 1993.SALneg.L/937351.ShotofAreas31,33.

G.2.8.8.254. 1993.SALneg.L/937352.ShotofArea30.

G.2.8.8.255. 1993.SALneg.L/937353.ShotofArea30.

G.2.8.8.256. 1993.SALneg.L/937354.ShotofArea33.

G.2.8.8.257. 1993.SALneg.L/937355.ShotofArea33.

G.2.8.8.258. 1993.SALneg.L/937356.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.259. 1993.SALneg.L/937357.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.260. 1993.SALneg.L/937358.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.261. 1993.SALneg.L/937359.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.262. 1993.SALneg.L/937360.ShotofArea53.

G.2.8.8.263. 1993.SALneg.L/937361.ShotofAreas37,38,39,35,32,33.

G.2.8.8.264. 1993.SALneg.L/937362.ShotofAreas27,26.

G.2.8.9 1970. Aerofototeca, I��D (Istituto �entrale per il �atalogo e la Documentazione, Roma EUR). A series of four shots of “Horace’s Villa” from the air.A series of four shots of “Horace’s Villa” from the air.

G.2. Graphic sources

619

G.2.8.9.1. 1970. Aerofototeca, neg. 38089, concessione no 233 del 27.4.71, Licenza 19. Aerial shot ofAerial shot of the archaeological site from the north. Visible are (left to right): �astagneto, access road, residence, garden of quadriporticus planted with trees, bath complex.

G.2.8.9.2. 1970. Aerofototeca, neg. 38090, concessione no 233 del 27.4.71, Licenza 20. Aerial shot of theAerial shot of the archaeological site from the northwest. Visible are (left to right): property to the north of the site, road to the north of the site, residence, trees in quadriporticus garden.

G.2.8.9.3. 1970. Aerofototeca, neg. 38091, concessione no 233 del 27.4.71, Licenza 21. Aerial shot of theAerial shot of the archaeological site from the west. Visible are (left to right): property to the north of the site, road to the north of the site, residence, bath complex, trees in quadriporticus garden.

G.2.8.9.4. 1970. Aerofototeca, neg. 38092, concessione no 233 del 27.4.71, Licenza 22. Aerial shot ofAerial shot of the archaeological site from the southwest. Visible are (left to right): bath complex, residence, trees in quadriporticus garden, parking lot for visitors to the site.

G.2.8.10. 1970s. A series of photographs in the German Archaeological Institute, Rome, taken by Stefan Steingräber.

G.2.8.10.1. 1970s. Institute neg. 78.1547. Photograph showing Areas 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 5, 8, 7, 14, 12.

G.2.8.10.2. 1970s. Institute neg. 78.1550. Photograph showing Areas 31, 33.

G.2.8.10.3. 1970s. Institute neg. 78.1551. Photograph showing Areas 35,33,32.

G.2.8.10.4. 1970s. Institute neg. 78.1552. Photograph showing Areas 32, 33, 31, 16, 17, 8.

G.2.8.10.5. 1970s. Institute neg. 78.1553. Photograph showing Area 53.

G.2.8.10.6. 1970s. Institute neg. 1554. Photograph showing Areas 53, 52, 48, 47.

G.2.8.10.7. 1970s. Institute neg. 1555. Photograph showing Areas 49, 48, 44, 47, 46, 23.

G.2.8.10.8. 1970s. Institute neg. 1556. Photograph showing Areas 34, 33, 32, 35, 31, 30, 29, 28, 26, 17, 16, 8, 22, 15.

G.2.8.10.9. 1970s. Institute neg. 1557. Photograph showing Areas 23, 41, 36.

G.2.8.11. 1984-1991.PhotographsbytheItalianIGM(IstitutoGeogra��coMilitare).

G.2.8.11.1. October 16, 1984. IGM, strisciata N. 7 dal fotogr. N. 449, volo del 1984, Foglio 144: aerialN. 449, volo del 1984, Foglio 144: aerial photograph of the Licenza valley with the town of Licenza and the archaeological site of Horace’s Villa clearly seen.

G.2.8.11.2. June 23, 1991. IGM, strisciata N. 50 dal fotogr. N. 74, volo del 1991, Foglio 144: aerialN. 74, volo del 1991, Foglio 144: aerial photograph of the Licenza valley with the town of Licenza and the archaeological site of Horace’s Villa clearly seen.

Bernard Frischer

620

G.2.8.12. 1980s. Photographs in the photographic archive of the German Archaeological Institute, Rome taken by Hutzel. Inventoried in 1991.

G.2.8.12.1. 1980s. Institute neg. 91.2592. Photograph showing Area 25.

G.2.8.12.2. 1980s. Institute neg. 91.2593. Photograph showing Areas 1, 3, 6, 4, 5, 10, 12.

G.2.8.12.3. 1980s. Institute neg. 2594. Photograph showing Areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 13.

G.2.8.12.4. 1980s. Institute neg. 2595. Photograph showing Area 8.

G.2.8.12.5. 1980s. Institute neg. 2596. Photograph showing Areas 34, 33, 35.

G.2.8.12.6. 1980s. Institute neg. 2597. Photograph showing Areas 23, 36, 41, 39, 40.

G.2.8.12.7. 1980s. Institute neg. 2598. Photograph showing Areas 36, 41.

G.2.8.12.8. 1980s. Institute neg. 2599. Photograph showing Area 23 and the main drain of villa.

G.2.8.12.9. 1980s. Institute neg. 2600. Photograph showing Areas 21, 22, 20, 15.

G.2.8.12.10. 1980s. Institute neg. 2601. Photograph showing Areas 35, 32, 33, 13, 20, 15, 5.

G.2.8.12.11. 1980s. Institute neg. 2602. Photograph showing Areas 33, 32, 35.

G.2.8.12.12. 1980s. Institute neg. 2603. Photograph showing Areas 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 26, 18, 5, 15, 14, 13, 8, 7.

G.2.8.12.13. 1980s. Institute neg. 2604. Photograph showing Areas 33, 35.

G.2.8.12.14. 1980s. Institute neg. 2605. Photograph showing Area 33.

G.2.8.12.15. 1980s. Institute neg. 2606. Photograph showing Area 53 (interior).

G.2.8.12.16. 1980s. Institute neg. 2607. Photograph showing Area 53 and the hillside to the west.

G.2.8.12.17. 1980s. Institute neg. 2608. Photograph showing Area 32.