G11 unit1 ict investigation stage

Unit 1 Question:

To What Extent Does our Health Depend on Technology?

Area of Interaction (AOI):

Health and Social Education

Significant Concept:

Our health is only as good as our health service

Introduction

For this unit, I need to provide a video or an animation to educate a certain group on the health benefits of a particular technology. My task is to make my video (or animation) interesting and entertaining to help educate a certain target audience better, and during that process I am supposed to obtain a good understanding of the unit question: to what extent does our health depend on technology?

Firstly, I have chosen percutaneous coronary intervention to be the technology that I will promote. The percutaneous coronary intervention, also known as coronary angioplasty, is a non-surgical procedure used to treat the stenotic coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease. 1 The reason that I am choosing it is because this technology has become more and more widespread today, and this does not decrease its importance at all. I think it is a good example of how our health depends on the modern technologies.

I decide to do a video rather than to do an animation. I will choose some suitable software to make this video and try to make it attractive to my target audience. I will also look for if there is any similar videos as what I am going to do, and take them as references to help me do the video promoting the technology. Furthermore, I want to choose my target audience at a certain age group, which will be the ages above forty. I decide that because the older people will have a much higher risk of getting acute myocardial infarction, therefore it is very helpful to tell them what a percutaneous coronary intervention is, and how it can benefit them.

This technology that I have chosen relates to me because one of my grandparents did the percutaneous coronary intervention some years ago, and the result shows obvious evidence of how this technology can benefit people. In this case I can say, our health depends on technology. If he did not do the percutaneous coronary intervention, he will get very high risk of having an acute myocardial infarction in the later time of his life, and he might get some other diseases that relate to the vessels. From that I can see how our health depends on modern technology, and how we are benefited from it.

This problem links to the Area of Interaction which is Health and Social Education because people need to be educated on this kind of problems. They do not trust the technologies sometimes; even the technologies will help them to keep their health much longer. Our task of this unit is to educate a certain group of people about a particular technology which can benefit them on health.

1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_coronary_intervention

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_coronary_intervention

Research

Q1. What is percutaneous coronary intervention?

Percutaneous coronary intervention, commonly known as coronary angioplasty or simply angioplasty, is a non-surgical procedure used to treat the stenotic coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary heart disease.2 Angioplasty was introduced to the world by Dr. Andreas Gruentzig in the mid to late 1970's and is widely used today.3 During this procedure, a cardiologist feeds a deflated balloon or other device on a catheter from the inguinal femoral artery or radial artery up through blood vessels until they reach the site of blockage in the heart. At the blockage, the balloon is inflated to open the artery, allowing blood to flow. A stent is often placed at the site of blockage to permanently open the artery. The term balloon angioplasty4 is commonly used to describe percutaneous coronary intervention, which describes the inflation of a balloon within the coronary artery to crush the plaque into the walls of the artery.5

A coronary stent is a tube placed in the coronary arteries that supply the heart, to keep the arteries open in the treatment of coronary heart disease.6 It is used in the percutaneous coronary intervention. It is mounted on a balloon catheter in a "crimped" or collapsed state. When the balloon of is inflated, the stent expands or opens up and pushes itself against the inner wall of the coronary artery. This holds the artery open when the balloon is deflated and removed.7 Coronary stents were designed to overcome some of the short comings of angioplasty.

The angioplasty procedure usually consists of most of the following steps:

Access into the femoral artery in the leg (or, less commonly, into the radial artery or brachial artery in the arm) is created by a device called an "introducer needle". This procedure is often termed percutaneous access.

Once access into the artery is gained, a "sheath introducer" is placed in the opening to keep the artery open and control bleeding.

Through this sheath, a long, flexible, soft plastic tube called a "guiding catheter" is pushed. The tip of the guiding catheter is placed at the mouth of the coronary artery. The guiding catheter also allows


3 http://www.heartsite.com/html/ptca.html

4 http://www.56.com/u75/v_NTQwNDgzNzg.html


6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_stent

7 http://www.heartsite.com/html/stent.html

http://www.heartsite.com/html/stent.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_stent


http://www.56.com/u75/v_NTQwNDgzNzg.html

http://www.heartsite.com/html/ptca.html


for radiopaque dyes (usually iodine based) to be injected into the coronary artery, so that the disease state and location can be readily assessed using real time x-ray visualization.

During the x-ray visualization, the cardiologist estimates the size of the coronary artery and selects the type of balloon catheter and coronary guidewire that will be used during the case. Heparin (a "blood thinner" or medicine used to prevent the formation of clots) is given to maintain blood flow.

The coronary guidewire, which is an extremely thin wire with a radio-opaque flexible tip, is inserted through the guiding catheter and into the coronary artery. While visualising again by real-time x-ray imaging, the cardiologist guides the wire through the coronary artery to the site of the stenosis or blockage. The tip of the wire is then passed across the blockage. The cardiologist controls the movement and direction of the guide wire by gently manipulating the end that sits outside the patient through twisting of the guidewire.8

While the guidewire is in place, it now acts as the pathway to the stenosis. The tip of the angioplasty or balloon catheter is hollow and is then inserted at the back of the guidewire—thus the guidewire is now inside of the angioplasty catheter. The angioplasty catheter is gently pushed forward, until the deflated balloon is inside of the blockage.9

The balloon is then inflated, and it compresses the atheromatous plaque and stretches the artery wall to expand.

If an expandable wire mesh tube (stent) was on the balloon, then the stent will be implanted (left behind) to support the new stretched open position of the artery from the inside.10

Q2. How can the percutaneous coronary intervention benefit people and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this technology comparing with the other technologies used in the same area?

The percutaneous coronary intervention is beneficial for those people with unstable coronary artery disease.

Stents reduce chest pain and have been shown to improve survivability in the event of an acute myocardial infarction.11

Although introduced over two decades ago, angioplasty continues to be the most frequently employed procedure in the cardiac cath lab (either by its self, or in conjunction with other procedures such as coronary stenting). The percutaneous coronary intervention is also known as coronary angioplasty or simply angioplasty, therefore we can notice that it is the most common form of 8 http://heartsite.com/html/


10 http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/74279252-1966575683.html

11 http://www.iqiyi.com/life/20121206/a8a0b2f1c4bf26d3.html

http://www.iqiyi.com/life/20121206/a8a0b2f1c4bf26d3.html

http://video.sina.com.cn/v/b/74279252-1966575683.html


http://heartsite.com/html/

angioplasty. The percutaneous coronary intervention has proven to be as effective as and less costly than coronary artery bypass graft in patients with medically refractory myocardial ischemia.12 Moreover, the coronary revascularization by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. It means the percutaneous coronary intervention is safer. With availability of modern day technology, it is estimated that the risk of death is during an angioplasty procedure is usually less than 1%, while the chance of requiring emergency bypass surgery is around 2% or less. 13 It is a relatively safe procedure and is carried out all over the world.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which bypasses stenotic arteries by grafting vessels from elsewhere in the body, is an alternative treatment. Most studies have found that CABG is better than percutaneous coronary intervention for reducing death and myocardial infarction. Coronary angioplasty is widely practiced and has a number of risks14; however, major procedural complications are uncommon.

Q3. How can I make a video to explain the percutaneous coronary intervention to my target audience?

Firstly, I should collect all the information that I will need in the video, and then I need to try to put them together and make my target audience interested in my product. My idea is to make a video of the procedure of the percutaneous coronary intervention. However, it must not only talk about the procedure, therefore I need to put the other facts of the percutaneous coronary intervention into it. For example, the video should show the advantages of the chosen technology compared to the other similar technologies. Moreover, I should think carefully about how I can put all the information in a video that lasts 3~6 minutes. In the video, I want to use some short animations to explain the technology in more details, since the animation can show the audience about how coronary stent will work inside human bodies, and how it can affect the hearts. I will tell a story to my target audience instead of showing too many serious facts, which therefore may let they find it more interesting.

Q4. Is there any similar product that I can get suggestions from?

There are many similar products that I can get suggestions from. Firstly, I searched on YouTube, and I found a lot of videos about percutaneous coronary intervention. After that, I looked for the videos which had the lengths approximately at 3~6 minutes, and tried to learn the way they introduced the technology. One of the videos that I think it’s really good and may give suggestions to my design is called

12 ^ Stroupe KT, Morrison DA, Hlatky MA, Barnett PG, Cao L, Lyttle C, Hynes DM, Henderson WG (September 2006). "Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafts versus percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization of high-risk patients". Circulation 114 (12): 1251–1257. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.570838. PMID 16966588


14 UK's NHS endorsed 'Best Treatments' advice on 'clinical evidence for patients from the BMJ' on Coronary angioplasty


“PCI percutaneous coronary intervention /primary angioplasty”15: it mixes up the procedure of the PCI and the explanation. In this video, we can see how the doctors are working throughout the procedure, and there are also some people like professors introducing and explaining in details about the percutaneous coronary intervention. This video gives me suggestions because it tells me how to add enough information to the video. Moreover, it can help me a lot because I am also going to show the procedure of PCI in my own video, therefore I can compare my product to this video later on to find the differences and try to improve it more.

15 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkeH036oigo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkeH036oigo

Bibliography

WEBSITES:

Percutaneous coronary intervention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Angioplasty


Coronary stent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Stents


Menu of available cardiac tests and diseases


BOOKS:

UK's NHS endorsed 'Best Treatments' advice on 'clinical evidence for patients from the BMJ' on Coronary angioplasty

VIDEOS:

冠状动脉血管成形术_视频在线观看 - 56.com (percutaneous coronary intervention_video online)


血管成形术 3D 动画演示_HeJQ_新浪播客 (percutaneous coronary intervention 3D animation)


专家为你解密心脏支架术疏通血管恢复供血-生活视频-爱奇艺 (the expert telling you about PCI)










▶ PCI Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Primary Angioplasty - YouTube


MAGAZINE ARTICLES:

Stroupe KT, Morrison DA, Hlatky MA, Barnett PG, Cao L, Lyttle C, Hynes DM, Henderson WG (September 2006). "Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafts versus percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization of high-risk patients". Circulation 114 (12): 1251–1257. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.570838. PMID 16966588

INTERVIEWS:

Interview of Hefeng Xiyu (a Chinese short film maker) 10.12.2013


Evaluating the sources

In general, the sources I have used in the research section are unbiased, valid and reliable. I have looked through many other sources, and then I chose these sources because they have better qualities compared to the other sources I have read.

As we know, Wikipedia is the biggest free encyclopaedia in the world. It is usually unbiased; and it is valid because it updates the information frequently and has clear references. However, it is not so reliable as some other sources since everyone can edit it. Sometimes its information might not be professional or not even be exactly correct. Nevertheless, I think Wikipedia is still reliable for my researches because I only use it to find the definitions of the words, such as PCI, stent, and angioplasty. Therefore it is reliable and unbiased. Furthermore, I think the Wikipedia has given too many details which I don’t need to use. Therefore I only choose to read and reference a part of it.

And then I found a really good website that introduces angioplasty (which is also called the percutaneous coronary intervention), coronary stent and heart diseases. It is a reliable source, because the facts that is includes are rigorous; and I can find evidences from other sources to prove that they are true. However, this source is not unbiased in general. It has its own opinion: you can see it is supporting one of the statements and disagree with another. At the research section, I think I should collect all the different information about my chosen technology. Nevertheless, this website called heartsite.com is a valid and reliable source for me, and it is more professional than Wikipedia.

The videos are valid and reliable because they introduce correct scientific information. In these four videos I have used as sources in my research, I think the 3D animation helps me the most. It is because this source is really valid and reliable: it clearly shows how the coronary stent works inside the vessels. The video on YouTube which is introducing the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention is also valid, since it teaches me how to put the information into a video. The video of the expert telling PCI is reliable but not so unbiased. It is professional, but it does not talk about the other side of the truth.

The interview was very interesting. I talked to a Chinese short film maker, and he taught me a lot about how to make a good short video. I think it is a valid and reliable source, although it would not be one hundred per cent unbiased, since we could not think so critically while we were talking instead of writing or reading.

Design brief

Defining the goal

My goal of this unit is to educate a certain age group of people on the health benefits of a particular technology by making a video. My chosen technology is percutaneous coronary intervention. I need to make a video which will be attractive to my target audience, while it can describe the applications of the percutaneous coronary intervention and how this technology will benefit people. I also need to consider how to make a good video. For achieving my goal, I should do lots of researches on my chosen technology, and how it is beneficial to a certain group of people. Moreover, I should look for some examples of similar products so that I can identify necessary and desirable characteristics. I will also do some studies on how to make a good video and what software that i am going to use, since that my goal is to make a video introducing my chosen technology to educate a target audience.

Target audience

My target audience will be the people above forty years old. The people at this certain age group have higher risks to gain heart diseases and coronary diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction. My chosen technology, percutaneous coronary intervention is particularly beneficial to the people who have those diseases. I will introduce this technology to the people above forty years old, educating them about what a percutaneous coronary intervention is, how it works, how it will benefit them and what their advantages compared to the other technologies using to solve the same type of problem. I choose this group of people to be my target audience because I think the information in my product is useful for them, and they may find it interesting that what I am going to introduce them.

Major constraints

There are many different constraints that will limit me on design. I should take care of laws (such as copy rights), time I will have to make the product, the software I use and my skills to use this software, my knowledge of the technology that I am going to introduce, and many other things. I think the major constraints for me to design the product are time and knowledge.

Design specification

Limits

Function:

It must not talk about the other technologies

Appearance:

It must not contain too large/small font size

Content:

The information must not be too difficult to understand

The content of the video must not let the audience feel too serious

Material:

It must not be only text on the screen

The background sound must not be uncoordinated to the video

Size:

It must not be longer than 6 minutes

Demands

Function:

It must give a clear description of the chosen technology

Appearance:

It must have good control of colour on each page/scene

Content:

It must contain at least 10 facts

The information in it must be useful for the target audience

Material:

It must contain a combination of text, images, scene in a video

It must have sound

It must have different scenes

Size:

It must be at least two minutes long

Wishes

Function:

It should compare the chosen technology to its similar technologies (to show the advantages of the chosen technology)

Appearance:

It should have a combination of colour

The general style of the video should make the audience feel and comfortable

Content:

It should contain a scene showing the procedure of the chosen technology

It should include enough scientific information

It should contain more than 15 facts

Material:

It should include at least three different scenes

It should contain a combination of video and animation

Size:

The length of background sound should accurately fit into the length of the video

It should have a good control of the length of each scene

Test plan

Test table

Test Name Expected Outcomes

Actual Outcomes

Comments/improvements needed?

Does it give a clear description of the percutaneous coronary intervention?

Yes

Does it contain at least 10 facts? Yes Does it have a good control of the length of each scene?

Yes

Does it contain a combination of text, image and scene?

Yes

Does it have sound? YesDoes it have a background sound which lasts throughout the video?

Yes

Do the texts have too large/small font size?

No

Does it last longer than two minutes? Yes Does it last longer than six minutes? No Is the information too difficult to understand?

No

Is it scientific enough? Yes It there only text on screen? No Do you think that the background sound is uncoordinated to the scene?

No

Does it compare the percutaneous coronary intervention with the other similar technologies?

Yes

Does it talk about another technology in details?

No

Do you think the video is too serious? No Is the information in the video useful?

Yes

Evaluation

First of all, I think I have made improvement on the investigation stage. Throughout this section, I have learned a lot of things about doing researches, testing product and evaluating the work.

I was a little struggled with the design specification part in this section, because I could not think about enough demands and limits to the product that I am going to make. Therefore the design specification could be one thing that I need to add more details to. Moreover, another thing I need to add more details on is research. I have done enough research on the chosen technology, but I could also spend more time to explain how I can make the video and what techniques I am going to use. Furthermore, I don’t think there is something that I missed out, but I really still have a lot of things to improve.

My design brief and specification are OK. For the design brief, I have identified my chosen technology and my target audience, and also the type of my product. Moreover, I may need to explain more on each small section. The design specification, as I said, is where I am struggled with. I could not think about many demands or limits of making my product; however, I did write at least one for each of the small title. Then I think the testing ideas are sufficient because I have used all the limits and demands that I wrote in the specification section; but I also put some wishes into the test plan when I think they are necessary.

I still need to add more details on the research section, but I think for this stage my research is enough. I have answered all the guiding questions and collected enough information about my chosen technology. Moreover, I have used five different kind of sources which are website, book, video, magazine article, and interview. Most of the sources I have used are unbiased, valid and reliable.

For the next product, I will make a better time plan for this large section. I should not hastily do the work at the end of the stage, and I should make sure that I have time to check through what I have done before the deadline. Moreover, I need to do more research, and try to make it exhaustive. I will also try to use a range of sources, and different kinds of sources. As for the design specification, I should think about it carefully and add a few more to each of the demand, limit and wish part.

G11 unit1 ict investigation stage

Health & Medicine

Transcript of G11 unit1 ict investigation stage