GENETIC ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE:

SELECTIVE BREEDING BASICS AND VOCABULARYAgriculture Biology

Objective: Today I will understand the vocabulary used in

genetic engineering, specifically selective breeding by completing my notes and “Ticket out the Door”.

Question of the Day: What two rabbits, if bred, would you expect to have

black-haired offspring?(Hint: you must have 2 letters in your answer)

AD

C

B

HOW DO WE GET SUCH DIFFERENCES IN

BREEDS?

VOCABULARY

Genetic Engineering

The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

Genetic engineering is purposefully ____________ characteristics of plants or animals by controlling their ____________ material.

VOCABULARY

Selective Breeding

A method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

If I wanted purple flowers, I would __________ purple-flowered plants to _______-_________ ________.

VOCABULARY

Hybridization*Also called crossbreeding

A breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Hybridization is the ________ of both worlds.

X

Inbreeding*Also called purebreeding

The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of an organism

Inbreeding __________ characteristics the same from ______________ to generation.

VOCABULARY

13-1 NOTES1. Selective

Breedinga. Popcorn was one

of the first organisms humans improved for our own benefit.

o Corn as we know it was first grown as a crop at least 6000 years ago by Native Americans living in what is now Mexico.

HOW WE’VE USED SELECTION

b. Dogs- o Tiny Chihuahuas and Huge Great Daneso Labrador retrievers with short coats and

poodles with curly hair.c. Humans are always looking to make

animals that are better hunters, better retrievers or more capable of producing a quality product.

Selective Breeding- letting only those animals with desired characteristics produce the next generation.

The two most common methods of selective breeding are hybridization and inbreeding.

2. Hybridizationa. Crossing organisms that have

different traits to bring together the best of both organisms.

o Offspring made by such crosses are called hybrids.

o Often hardier than parents.o Results are new organisms that

have traits farmers need to make more food.

HOW IT ALL STARTEDa. Luther Burbank may have

been the greatest selective breeder of all time.

o Developed more than 800 kinds of plants

o Burbank used Hybridization.o Many of Burbank’s hybrid

crosses mixed the disease resistance of one plant with the food-making ability of another.

3. Inbreedinga. Continued breeding of

individuals with similar characteristics.

a. Many breeds of dogsb. Inbreeding helps keep the

characteristics that make each breed unique and helps make sure that those characteristics are preserved.

c. Inbred organisms are genetically very similar and can increase the probability that organisms may inherit genetic disorders.

Example- inherited hip problems are common to many breeds of dogs.

Key Question: Answer on your notes using complete sentences

What is selective breeding used for?

TICKET OUT THE DOOR1. Crossing individuals with different traits to bring together their best characteristics is called

a. domesticationb. inbreedingc. hybridizationd. polyploidy

2. Crossing individual with similar characteristics so that those characteristics will appear in their offspring is called

a. inbreedingb. hybridizationc. recombinationd. polyploidy

3. Taking advantage of naturally occurring variation in organism to pass wanted traits on to future generations is called

a. selective breedingb. forensicsc. gene therapyd. mutation