FYN Principle #6 - Control Yard Pests Responsibly
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Transcript of FYN Principle #6 - Control Yard Pests Responsibly
Control Yard Pests Responsibly
Introduction
Pests
Define
Identify
Integrated Pest Management
Prevention
Cultural
Biological
Chemical
Physical
Attracting Beneficials
Author: Rebecca McNair
Edited By: Allison Steele
Cycle of Pesticide Dependency
Many chemical pesticides are broad spectrum, killing not only target pests but also beneficial organisms that serve as natural pest control systems.
NO natural controls
Indiscriminate mortality- pests and beneficials
Dependence on chemical pesticides
In the days following a pesticide treatment, pests
reproduce faster than predatory insects. By killing off beneficial
insects, pest populations flourish. After Thomas Weissling
ToleranceSome damage to plants is natural. Don’t strive for a pest free yard; instead, decide on a realistic threshold of damage.
What is a Pest, really? Pest- plant, animal, or other
organism that is out of place Diseases, Weeds, Insects, Reptiles,
Mammals, Arthropods Of all insect species
in the world, less than 1 % are considered pests
Am I a Pest? This depends on where I am feeding, in the yard
or the butterfly garden.
Scale Aphids
Mealybugs Whiteflies
Spider mites
Nematodes
Thrips
Plant Diseases
Disease occurs when an agent impairs the necessary functions of a plant
PlantPlant EnvironmentEnvironment
PathogenPathogen
Leaf Spots Algal, bacterial
or fungal pathogens
Enters through injured tissues
Spread by splashing water, and insects
Root Rot Poor growth, thinning canopy Yellowing and leaf drop Branch or plant death Roots dark and rotted, strip off easily Due to excessive soil moisture
Poor drainage Over-watering Planting too deep Shallow rooting
Environmental Stresses
Drought Nutrient deficiency Variations in pH Mechanical damage Cold damage Excessive water
or fertilizer
Many environmental effects are mistakenly treated as pest problems.
Herbicides injured this tomato plant.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
IPM is the coordinated use of pest and environmental informationinformation and available pest control methods
To prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economicaleconomical means
With the least possible hazardleast possible hazard to people, property and the environment
Principles of IPMSustainable Sustainable
PreventionPrevention
Cultural PracticesCultural Practices Biological MethodsBiological Methods Physical Methods Physical Methods
Chemical Chemical MethodsMethods
After Dr. Norman Leppla
-using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged
PreventionOur most sustainable pest control method involves avoiding the introduction of pests (into our country, state or yard). Buy pest-free plants Select plants adapted to your yard Select resistant varieties Avoid notoriously problematic plants Properly install and maintain plants
Some key plants are likely to be infested by key pests. For example, Azaleas are commonly infested by
lacebugs, particularly if the azalea is planted in a sunny location.
Key Plant, Key Pest
ScoutingMonitor plants routinely to aid in early detection of an insect, disease, or other problem. Look for: Favorable conditions for pests Signs and symptoms of pests
The pests Damage to plant
Leaf spot, leaf curl, feeding Frass- insect excretions
Presence of natural enemies
Cultural PracticesWe can also avoid problems with insects and diseases through proper design, installation, and maintenance. Stressed plants are more susceptible to attack, like the Chinese Elm with crowded roots shown here.
Water Wisely Water during the early morning,
when leaves are already wet Avoid overhead irrigation of
woody ornamentals
Many foliar diseases gain entry into plants through the water remaining on leaves.
Biological Control
The use of living organisms to control pests
Lady beetles and their larvae feed on aphids and other soft bodied insects. They are commercially
available in bulk.
Predators
Parasites
Pathogens
Attract Beneficial Insects by:
Not using harmful pesticides Providing food
Nectar and pollen Plant diversity
Providing shelter Enhance vertical layers
Food for ThoughtMany herbs and fragrant flowering plants attract natural enemies
Gaillardia
Milkweeds
Goldenrod
Echinacea
Sunflower
Clover
Cilantro
Dill
Fennel
MustardsClover also fixes
atmospheric nitrogen into a form
available to other plants.
As A Last Resort….Sometimes, major pest damage reaches a level that is unacceptable to the observer. When all previous management efforts have been ineffective, individuals may wish to apply: Physical methodsThese are the least sustainable methods discussed because they are labor intensive, and often require repeated treatments.
Chemical methods
Physical Management
Remove pests by hand Remove infested parts Establish barriers to
prevent pest access to plants
Yellow sticky paper attracts whiteflies and other insects. These traps help to
monitor pest populations in greenhouses.
Chemicals Choose least harmful pesticides
Use selective pesticides rather than broad spectrum killers
Spot treat where pests are abundant, rather than the entire yard
Horticultural oils Follow pesticide label
instructions carefully
Management Strategies
“Sap Suckers”- (aphids, soft scales, mealybugs, whiteflies, spider mites) Biological controls Soaps and oils
Caterpillars- Bt
Plant Chewers- (grasshoppers, beetles, leaf miners) Use a proper insecticide if damage
warrants action
Insect
Management Strategies Leaf Spots-
Avoid overhead irrigation Improve air circulation Sanitize- remove infected plant parts
to avoid reinfection Stem Cankers/ Stem rots-
Change watering and pruning practices Root rots-
Change watering practices Remove infected plant and roots
Wilt- Remove infected plant
Disease
For More Information on
Visit: http://biocontrol.ifas.ufl.edu
Features: Newsletters, presentations, news releases, photo galleries, tutorials, videos, training, publications, diagnostic clinic, listserv, links and more!
Further Readinghttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
ENY 298 Landscape Integrated Pest Management
ENY-276 Beneficial Insects and MitesCIR 642 Homeowners' Guide to Pesticide Safety ENY 292 What’s Bugging MeWEC-20 Dealing with Unwanted Wildlife in an
Urban Environment PDMG-V1-01 Characteristics of Plant Disease