Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css January 2019

Access and Visitation Program Update FY 2017

SummaryThe Access and Visitation (AV) Program provides approximately $10 million in funding annually to the 54 states and territories. Administered by the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) in the Department of Health and Human Services, the program is designed to increase noncustodial parents’ access to and time with their children. Research shows that financial and emotional supports are interrelated.

The key takeaways in this FY 2017 update: • Annual program participation was over 93,000. • Noncustodial fathers and custodial mothers were the largest

participant groups.• Parent education continued to be the most frequently provided service. • Courts and child support agencies were the largest referral sources. • Most participants were never married to the other parent. • Nearly one-fourth of participants reported annual income of less than

$10,000. • Most participants were white, African American, or Latino.• States reported increased parenting time.

The Reporting ProcessAV program coordinators monitor the delivery of AV services in their state or territory and submit annual reports on those services to OCSE. However, the AV data collections are not subject to audit or validation. This FY 2017 update is based on submitted grantee reports.

The Access and Visitation ProgramThe Office of Child Support Enforcement administers the Access and Visitation Program to help children gain access to their noncustodial parents. Access and Visitation Program grantees submit programmatic data annually. This program update summarizes FY 2017 data on program services and participant demographic information.

Fiscal Year

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

16 1715141312111009080706050403

Program Participants FY 2003-2017

Children

Mothers

Fathers

Grandparents/Legal Guardians

Total Parents

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 1

Access and Visitation Program Update FY 2017Approximately $10 million is appropriated annually for the Access and Visitation (AV) Program, which provides funding to all 54 states and territories (referred to throughout as states). The AV program is administered by the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) in the Department of Health and Human Services. At the state level, the majority of grantees (33) administer the AV program through their child support office.In recognition of how important it is for children to spend time with their parents when they can do so safely, Congress authorized the AV program in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Since its creation, the program has served more than 1.7 million parents and caregivers with services designed to increase noncustodial parent access to and time with their children.Research shows that financial and emotional supports are interrelated. Census Bureau data consistently show that parents with custody or parenting time arrangements are more likely to receive child support.1 Historical studies among AV program participants in several states have shown that child support payments increase when parenting time is addressed.2

Annual program participation was over 93,000In FY 2017, more than 93,000 parents and guardians participated in a wide range of statutorily authorized services including: parent education, mediation, parenting plan development, and supervised visitation.Approximately one-third of America’s 74 million children under the age of 18 currently live apart from one or both of their parents.3 This is a large increase from the 22% of children living without both biological parents present in the home when the AV program first began in 1997. Although the AV program has become more efficient over the years, the program does not have the capacity to serve all eligible families. Many grantees reported implementing additional eligibility criteria in order to allocate resources and target particular families in need of AV services. For example, some grantees give priority to families in the child support program. Others consider low-income status when determining eligibility because the AV program often provides an affordable and accessible way for noncustodial parents to spend time with their children.

Custodial Fathers

NoncustodialFathers

Custodial Mothers

Noncustodial Mothers

Grandparents and Legal Guardians

6,606 38,139 33,719 9,822 5,013

Number and Percent of Participants by Type - FY 2017

11% 5%41% 36%7%

2Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Noncustodial fathers and custodial mothers were the largest participant groupsThe AV program aims to provide services that support and facilitate noncustodial parent access to and time with their children. However, many of the allowable services outlined in statute involve the participation of both parents, when the environment is safe. Services include neutral drop-off and pick-up, mediation, and the development of parenting plans. Parenting plans are frequently developed in conjunction with mediation services. Research shows that when parents have a structured, supportive, and safe environment to work out parenting time agreements, the arrangements are more likely to be successful.

In FY 2017, noncustodial fathers and custodial mothers represent the largest two distinct groups receiving AV services, at 41% and 36%, respectively. Noncustodial mothers represent 11% of parents receiving services, while custodial fathers represent 7%. Legal guardians and grandparents account for 5% of those served.

Visitation Enforcement

Visitation Monitoring

Neutral Drop-Off

Supervised Visit

CounselingParenting Plan

Mediation Parent Education

26,911 16,890 5,749 55,137 20,829

1,761 16,724 2,344

16%44%13% 5%22%

Number and Percent of Participants by Program Activity - FY 2017

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 3

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Parent education continued to be the most frequently provided serviceAV grants provided 125,516 services in FY 2017.4 Some participants received multiple services, and this accounts for the cumulative number of services provided exceeding the total number of AV program participants (93,299).

Parent education was the most frequently provided service, accounting for 44% of all AV services. More than 55,000 participants received parent education in FY 2017. Parent education can be provided in a class setting with a curriculum that is taught over one or more sessions. It can also be provided through individual coaching that promotes the development of healthy co-parenting relationships. Individual coaching can also help parents understand the benefits of shared parenting and learn about the court procedures involved in parenting time and custody orders.

The second most frequently provided service was mediation. Almost 27,000 participants received mediation services, which were 22% of all AV program activities. Mediation is resource intensive, involving professionals who meet with both parents to resolve parenting disputes and encourage the development of an agreed upon parenting time plan. The amount of time spent in mediation varies depending on the specific context for the mediation process and how much disagreement or dispute might exist between the parents.

Sixteen percent of AV services were visitation enforcement activities. Visitation enforcement may include monitoring compliance with parenting time orders, supervised visitation, and neutral drop-off and pick-up. Of these, supervised visitation had the highest number of participants, at just over 16,700 in FY 2017.

Parenting plan development made up 13% of total AV activities.5 Parenting plans help the single parent or both parents in working through and establishing a set of terms for raising the child and often includes developing a formal or informal parenting agreement that results in increased noncustodial parent time with the child. States reported that nearly 16,900 participants were involved in parenting plan development in FY 2017.

5,204 39,090 31,706 5,370 11,278

Number and Percent of Referrals by Source - FY 2017

6% 12%

Child Protection/Domestic Violence Agency

Other

42%

Court

34%

Child Support Agency

6%

Self

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 4

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

The final service type, counseling, accounted for only 5% of AV program services in FY 2017. More than 5,700 participants received counseling services. Counseling often includes services provided by mental health professionals to help parents as they address interpersonal conflicts by focusing on the best interest of the child and the importance of shared parenting.

Courts and child support agencies were the largest referral sourcesWhile AV program participants were referred from a variety of sources, approximately 3 out of 4 referrals were from courts and child support agencies in FY 2017.6

Courts were the top referral source, accounting for 42% of all AV program referrals. These referrals may be from a variety of courts and court systems, including family courts and those that specialize in abuse and neglect.

Child support agencies accounted for 34% of AV program referrals in FY 2017. Child support agencies may be either the state or local agency funded through Title IV-D of the Social Security Act. These agencies locate parents, establish paternity, establish and enforce child support orders, and refer parents to other services. Some child support agencies provide information about the AV program to the parents they serve.

In FY 2017, self-referrals accounted for 6% of referrals. A self-referral occurs when an individual voluntarily seeks out AV services or, in some cases, when an individual received a non-mandatory referral from the court. Another 6% of referrals to the AV program came from child protection agencies and domestic violence agencies. Referrals from other sources that don’t fit any of these categories, such as community-based parent education or a fatherhood program, accounted for an additional 12% of referrals in FY 2017.

49,944 16,347 9,644 8,137 4,214

Number and Percent of Participants by Marital Status - FY 2017

9% 5%

Separatedfrom Each Other

DataNot Reported

19%

Marriedto Each Other

11%

Divorced from Each Other

57%

Never Marriedto Each Other

5Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Most participants were never married to the other parentAccording to FY 2017 data, 57% of parents served by the AV program were never married to the other parent. While divorcing parents may establish shared parenting time agreements through the family court system, most unmarried parents cannot easily access formal processes for establishing access and visitation rights. Unmarried parents must often navigate multiple legal proceedings to resolve issues of child support and parenting time. The AV program can provide affordable, less complicated options for noncustodial parents seeking access to and time with their children.

States reported 18% of parents were married to each other at the time they participated in the AV program. According to AV coordinators, some low-income parents remain married because of the high cost of divorce. Separated parents account for 11% of all parents served in FY 2017, while divorced parents make up 9% of AV program participants.

States only report the marital status of biological parents participating in the AV program; legal guardians and grandparents are not included in these data.

Number and Percent of Participants by Income Category - FY 2017

Data Not Reported

$40,000 and Above

$30,000 to $39,999

$20,000 to $29,999

$10,000to $19,999

Less than $10,000

23% 20% 20% 13% 16% 8%

21,543 18,555 18,903 11,825 15,375 7,098

6Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Nearly one-fourth of participants reported annual income of less than $10,000AV program data for FY 2017 indicates that many participants were in poverty and nearly all were below the U.S. median income. The national poverty threshold for one adult under 65 without children in their household was $12,752 for calendar year 2017.7 According to the Census Bureau, the median household income was $61,372 in 2017.8

Twenty-three percent of nationwide program participants reported making less than $10,000 a year. Twenty percent of program participants reported an annual income of $10,000 to $19,999, followed by another 20% reporting annual incomes of $20,000 to $29,000. A total of 13% of parents reported an income between $30,000 and $39,999 and 16% of parents reported an annual salary of $40,000 or greater.Since most participants have low incomes, many states provide free AV services. Others use sliding fee scales to make services more affordable for low-income parents.

44,281 21,720 20,148 1,919 3,371

Number and Percent of Participants by Race and Ethnicity - FY 2017

6%

Other/Data Not Reported

23%

Black orAfrican American

22%

Hispanic orLatino

2%

Two or MoreRaces

47%

White

Total NoncustodialParents

NoncustodialFathers Only

NoncustodialMothers Only

Noncustodial Parents with Increased Parenting Time - FY 2017

9,8226,342

38,13918,813

47,96125,155

Total

IncreasedParentingTime

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 7

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Most participants were white, African American, or LatinoNearly all participating parents self-identify as one of three racial or ethnic groups: white, black or African American, and Hispanic or Latino. Almost half of participants (47%) in FY 2017 were white. Black or African American participants made up 23% of the AV program caseload, and Hispanic or Latino participants accounted for an additional 22%. Only 2% of participants self-identified as two or more races. The remaining 6% was composed of participants that self-identified as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, other, or did not provide race/ethnicity data.

States reported increased parenting timeIn FY 2017, states reported that over 25,000 noncustodial parents had increased parenting time.9 This is more than half of all noncustodial parents that were served by the AV program.

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 8

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Endnotes1. The U.S. Census Bureau report, Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2015

(published January 2018), available at: https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/demo/P60-262.pdf.

2. The Center for Policy Research Report, Child Support and Visitation Programs: Participant Outcomes (2006), available at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/css/resource/report-on-child-access-and-visitation-programs-participant-outcomes. Also, the HHS Office of Inspector General Report, Effectiveness of Access and Visitation Grant Programs, OEI-05-02-00300 (2002), available at: http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-05-02-00300.pdf.

3. America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2017 - Census Bureau (published May 4, 2018), available at: https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/families/cps-2017.html.

4. Data caveat: OCSE does not instruct states on how to count AV services for their annual reports, so there may be differences in how services are counted.

5. Data caveat: Other service categories, such as mediation or parent education, may also include assistance with parenting plans, but those parenting plans may not be reflected in this count.

6. Data caveat: Three states (Mississippi, New Jersey, and Oklahoma) reported higher numbers of referrals than participants. See Appendix C for state-level data on referrals.

7. 2017 poverty thresholds downloaded from the U.S. Census Bureau website: https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html.

8. U.S. Census Bureau report, Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017 (published September 2018), available at: https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-263.html.

9. Data caveat: Each state and territory determines how it will count increased parenting time for purposes of the annual AV report. There are three main approaches: using participant self-reports, conducting surveys with a sample of parents receiving services, and counting any visitation (for example, at a supervised visitation center) as an increase. Tracking data on parenting time is one way that states can monitor program outputs, but given the absence of rigorous evaluation, the data does not identify impacts of the AV program services. As noted in the reporting process section of the title page, AV program data is not subject to validation or audit beyond what is completed at the state level.

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 9

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix A – State Level Data on Program Participants

STATE FATHER (NCP)MOTHER

(NCP) FATHER (CP) MOTHER (CP)GRANDPARENTS / LEGAL GUARDIAN STATE TOTALS

Alabama 156 35 46 93 11 341Alaska 154 48 90 196 14 502Arizona 1,475 483 419 1,321 249 3,947Arkansas 160 27 23 157 7 374California 389 174 153 361 14 1,091Colorado 212 7 12 216 2 449Connecticut 146 39 36 143 8 372Delaware 207 103 69 225 22 626District of Columbia 109 43 1 0 2 155Florida 582 921 161 199 1,143 3,006Georgia 95 7 7 29 2 140Guam 25 2 0 0 0 27Hawaii 121 33 29 120 3 306Idaho 58 66 0 0 0 124Illinois 976 143 143 978 22 2,262Indiana 1,914 352 265 1,932 280 4,743Iowa 139 40 40 136 1 356Kansas 337 203 9 49 8 606Kentucky 184 0 0 256 0 440Louisiana 90 1 1 90 0 182Maine 405 85 575 970 29 2,064Maryland 258 113 79 237 35 722Massachusetts 289 54 44 281 5 673Michigan 960 299 88 505 0 1852Minnesota 274 314 134 149 123 994Mississippi 769 45 5 198 1 1,018Missouri 217 26 26 216 1 486Montana 109 179 1 0 2 291

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 10

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE FATHER (NCP)MOTHER

(NCP) FATHER (CP) MOTHER (CP)GRANDPARENTS / LEGAL GUARDIAN STATE TOTALS

Nebraska 135 27 32 140 0 334Nevada 252 39 54 265 4 614New Hampshire 347 120 146 373 4 990New Jersey 424 126 122 395 50 1,117New Mexico 1 0 0 0 0 1New York 555 201 139 539 116 1,550North Carolina 1,395 383 223 748 56 2,805North Dakota 80 87 36 48 1 252Ohio 302 206 120 247 112 987Oklahoma 54 447 462 124 39 1,126Oregon 62 0 0 19 0 81Pennsylvania 199 138 91 103 32 563Puerto Rico 55 17 15 55 2 144Rhode Island 437 85 127 398 11 1,058South Carolina 725 0 0 725 0 1,450South Dakota 222 83 12 52 0 369Tennessee 448 95 89 734 21 1,387Texas 16,842 2,695 1,582 15,135 2,005 38,259Utah 115 39 39 115 0 308Vermont 125 47 34 74 35 315Virginia 3,764 768 572 3,681 477 9,262Washington 346 128 106 319 12 911West Virginia 288 130 109 280 30 837Wisconsin 4 4 4 4 0 16Wyoming 152 115 36 89 22 414TOTALS 38,139 9,822 6,606 33,719 5,013 93,299

Appendix A - State Level Data on Program Participants (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 11

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix B – State Level Data on Services Provided

STATE MEDIATIONPARENTING

PLAN COUNSELINGPARENT

EDUCATIONVISITATION MONITOR

SUPERVISED VISIT

NEUTRAL DROP-OFF

STATE TOTALS

Alabama 103 96 5 126 19 273 35 657Alaska 502 0 0 0 0 0 0 502Arizona 3,420 1,573 123 447 0 68 0 5,631Arkansas 374 253 0 0 0 0 0 627California 0 0 26 137 0 907 78 1,148Colorado 439 12 0 0 0 0 0 451Connecticut 68 0 0 0 0 304 0 372Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 492 140 632District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 2 130 23 155Florida 0 16 16 240 0 2,968 34 3,274Georgia 11 2 15 505 121 9 0 663Guam 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 27Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 306 0 306Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 124 0 124Illinois 2,009 1,538 1 396 0 0 0 3,944Indiana 0 0 0 4,743 0 0 0 4,743Iowa 156 129 434 0 0 0 34 753Kansas 0 0 0 0 0 490 116 606Kentucky 0 0 0 440 0 0 0 440Louisiana 10 43 100 177 0 0 6 336Maine 0 0 0 1,788 0 308 86 2,182Maryland 62 196 42 45 0 372 42 759Massachusetts 426 388 0 673 0 19 0 1,506Michigan 1,170 684 0 0 0 2,642 58 4,554Minnesota 0 9 69 0 4 864 48 994Mississippi 200 22 753 957 10 0 11 1,953Missouri 486 0 0 0 0 0 0 486Montana 0 0 0 0 0 291 0 291

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 12

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE MEDIATIONPARENTING

PLAN COUNSELINGPARENT

EDUCATIONVISITATION MONITOR

SUPERVISED VISIT

NEUTRAL DROP-OFF

STATE TOTALS

Nebraska 334 307 0 0 0 0 0 641Nevada 162 390 0 62 0 0 0 614New Hampshire 908 0 0 0 0 414 0 1,322New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 0 1,250New Mexico 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1New York 226 416 869 743 462 834 170 3,720North Carolina 1,876 855 1,380 2,604 453 31 232 7,431North Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 131 252 383Ohio 233 240 0 35 0 451 67 1,026Oklahoma 41 237 600 342 0 48 1 1,269Oregon 34 81 0 0 0 0 0 115Pennsylvania 0 174 118 260 0 568 7 1,127Puerto Rico 0 144 144 98 130 126 18 660Rhode Island 910 0 0 0 148 148 3 1,209South Carolina 396 496 428 992 4 8 142 2,466South Dakota 0 0 0 0 64 256 49 369Tennessee 857 1,002 0 1,146 0 0 0 3005Texas 2,162 1,404 609 36,808 334 2 2 41,321Utah 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 308Vermont 3 14 9 13 0 210 66 315Virginia 8,439 5,662 0 692 0 90 0 14,883Washington 569 475 8 503 4 120 2 1681West Virginia 0 0 0 0 0 627 302 929Wisconsin 0 4 0 4 4 4 0 16Wyoming 16 1 0 161 2 839 320 1,339TOTALS 26,911 16,890 5,749 55,137 1,761 16,724 2,344 125,516

Appendix B – State Level Data on Services Provided (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 13

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix C – State Level Data on Referral Sources

STATE SELF COURT

CHILD SUPPORT AGENCY

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGENCY

CHILD PROTECTION

AGENCY OTHERDATA NOT

REPORTEDSTATE

TOTALSAlabama 69 237 12 0 6 17 0 341Alaska 0 502 0 0 0 0 0 502Arizona 664 3,047 2 0 212 18 4 3,947Arkansas 22 310 42 0 0 0 0 374California 3 1,060 6 0 0 14 8 1,091Colorado 12 49 386 0 2 0 0 449Connecticut 0 372 0 0 0 0 0 372Delaware 10 578 0 0 26 2 10 626District of Columbia 0 155 0 0 0 0 0 155Florida 24 246 0 230 2,488 18 0 3,006Georgia 7 14 109 0 0 10 0 140Guam 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 27Hawaii 8 298 0 0 0 0 0 306Idaho 0 124 0 0 0 0 0 124Illinois 12 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 2,262Indiana 221 1,072 2,177 6 135 991 141 4,743Iowa 28 216 7 2 16 87 0 356Kansas 14 569 0 0 11 12 0 606Kentucky 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 440Louisiana 53 13 107 0 1 8 0 182Maine 490 1,507 19 0 2 46 0 2,064Maryland 89 553 0 0 68 11 1 722Massachusetts 204 463 0 0 0 6 0 673Michigan 52 1,750 36 0 0 14 0 1,852Minnesota 11 211 0 0 447 91 234 994Mississippi 811 207 801 0 0 19 3 1,841Missouri 180 234 72 0 0 0 0 486

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 14

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE SELF COURT

CHILD SUPPORT AGENCY

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGENCY

CHILD PROTECTION

AGENCY OTHERDATA NOT

REPORTEDSTATE

TOTALSMontana 0 36 0 0 255 0 0 291Nebraska 42 192 11 2 0 87 0 334Nevada 130 380 102 0 0 2 0 614New Hampshire 1 979 0 0 0 6 4 990New Jersey 1 1,117 0 0 0 0 0 1,118New Mexico 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1New York 2 1,143 0 0 77 328 0 1,550North Carolina 430 1,532 530 47 64 187 15 2,805North Dakota 9 142 0 18 77 6 0 252Ohio 72 383 250 0 220 39 23 987Oklahoma 94 379 748 0 0 0 0 1,221Oregon 41 9 29 0 1 1 0 81Pennsylvania 52 272 5 0 155 77 2 563Puerto Rico 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 144Rhode Island 0 1,058 0 0 0 0 0 1,058South Carolina 54 593 297 0 494 12 0 1,450South Dakota 68 291 1 1 2 6 0 369Tennessee 68 1,159 8 3 0 149 0 1,387Texas 284 2,395 25,847 5 28 8,664 1,036 38,259Utah 0 308 0 0 0 0 0 308Vermont 11 168 1 19 83 27 6 315Virginia 165 8,985 84 0 0 27 1 9,262Washington 136 460 13 3 3 264 32 911West Virginia 4 827 0 0 6 0 0 837Wisconsin 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 16Wyoming 85 96 0 2 149 32 50 414TOTALS 5,204 39,090 31,706 342 5,028 11,278 1,570 94,218

Appendix C – State Level Data on Referral Sources (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 15

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix D – State Level Data on Marital Status of Participating Parents

STATENEVER MARRIED TO EACH OTHER

MARRIED TO EACH OTHER

SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER

DIVORCED FROM EACH OTHER

DATA NOT REPORTED STATE TOTALS

Alabama 180 40 21 89 0 330Alaska 240 16 160 68 4 488Arizona 1,271 526 502 906 493 3,698Arkansas 125 0 116 126 0 367California 592 0 239 209 37 1,077Colorado 349 18 8 16 56 447Connecticut 266 11 17 56 14 364Delaware 378 28 66 106 26 604District of Columbia 115 4 14 20 0 153Florida 1,192 186 262 223 0 1,863Georgia 117 2 11 4 4 138Guam 24 1 0 2 0 27Hawaii 175 0 36 92 0 303Idaho 33 13 18 43 17 124Illinois 2,240 0 0 0 0 2,240Indiana 3,197 107 91 1,033 35 4,463Iowa 162 1 71 121 0 355Kansas 277 47 61 213 0 598Kentucky 0 0 0 0 440 440Louisiana 162 0 6 14 0 182Maine 800 272 507 379 77 2,035Maryland 403 11 74 163 36 687Massachusetts 368 198 4 98 0 668Michigan 1,086 34 121 611 0 1,852Minnesota 456 12 21 101 281 871Mississippi 876 4 28 104 5 1,017Missouri 347 0 0 138 0 485

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 16

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATENEVER MARRIED TO EACH OTHER

MARRIED TO EACH OTHER

SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER

DIVORCED FROM EACH OTHER

DATA NOT REPORTED STATE TOTALS

Montana 160 53 5 14 57 289Nebraska 164 22 98 50 0 334Nevada 428 86 20 76 0 610New Hampshire 554 188 42 196 6 986New Jersey 745 108 124 90 0 1,067New Mexico 1 0 0 0 0 1New York 861 79 164 232 98 1,434North Carolina 1,268 205 677 441 158 2,749North Dakota 138 24 12 77 0 251Ohio 614 50 43 160 8 875Oklahoma 706 45 145 191 0 1,087Oregon 71 2 0 0 8 81Pennsylvania 353 18 78 63 19 531Puerto Rico 102 0 0 38 2 142Rhode Island 633 229 34 151 0 1,047South Carolina 1,354 30 12 0 54 1,450South Dakota 199 23 39 108 0 369Tennessee 880 413 16 40 17 1,366Texas 18,731 12,869 1,852 757 2,045 36,254Utah 90 0 10 208 0 308Vermont 119 23 37 32 69 280Virginia 5,462 129 1,929 1,231 34 8,785Washington 364 113 250 157 15 899West Virginia 350 38 48 279 92 807Wisconsin 4 4 4 4 0 16Wyoming 162 65 44 114 7 392TOTALS 49,944 16,347 8,137 9,644 4,214 88,286

Appendix D – State Level Data on Marital Status of Participating Parents (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 17

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix E – State Level Data on Participants’ Self-Reported Income

STATE LESS THAN

$10,000$10,000 TO

$19,999$20,000 TO

$29,999$30,000 TO

$39,999$40,000 TO

$49,999DATA NOT

REPORTED STATE TOTALSAlabama 94 93 73 39 42 0 341Alaska 114 69 91 60 133 35 502Arizona 599 478 611 546 759 954 3,947Arkansas 69 68 100 59 78 0 374California 472 169 131 57 81 181 1,091Colorado 86 119 144 42 40 18 449Connecticut 127 76 85 36 28 20 372Delaware 284 93 99 40 72 38 626District of Columbia 101 18 19 3 10 4 155Florida 1,283 486 658 251 318 10 3,006Georgia 58 39 20 17 2 4 140Guam 0 0 0 0 0 27 27Hawaii 146 37 45 37 41 0 306Idaho 50 40 16 8 0 10 124Illinois 616 423 368 250 301 304 2,262Indiana 1,151 986 983 494 612 517 4,743Iowa 49 33 74 70 130 0 356Kansas 208 135 120 68 75 0 606Kentucky 0 0 0 0 0 440 440Louisiana 23 19 24 8 13 95 182Maine 299 358 350 309 656 92 2,064Maryland 157 124 85 62 102 192 722Massachusetts 141 104 135 95 198 0 673Michigan 723 379 317 203 230 0 1,852Minnesota 158 260 52 80 61 383 994Mississippi 269 341 222 67 50 69 1,018Missouri 95 81 100 76 61 73 486Montana 106 32 15 8 0 130 291Nebraska 108 89 81 33 23 0 334

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 18

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE LESS THAN

$10,000$10,000 TO

$19,999$20,000 TO

$29,999$30,000 TO

$39,999$40,000 TO

$49,999DATA NOT

REPORTED STATE TOTALSNevada 156 116 172 78 92 0 614New Hampshire 288 242 173 123 105 59 990New Jersey 99 72 72 39 66 769 1,117New Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 1 1New York 402 292 220 150 255 231 1,550North Carolina 725 584 500 380 532 84 2,805North Dakota 106 51 37 35 23 0 252Ohio 348 170 121 63 96 189 987Oklahoma 424 350 224 77 51 0 1,126Oregon 15 10 6 7 7 36 81Pennsylvania 233 104 73 27 53 73 563Puerto Rico 68 44 15 5 3 9 144Rhode Island 267 200 128 148 292 23 1,058South Carolina 79 649 620 71 29 2 1,450South Dakota 103 90 89 40 47 0 369Tennessee 333 387 313 169 155 30 1,387Texas 7,416 7,897 8,985 5,941 7,217 803 38,259Utah 55 42 47 32 98 34 308Vermont 117 54 38 22 39 45 315Virginia 2,150 1,689 1,729 1,241 1,838 615 9,262Washington 278 169 163 109 151 41 911West Virginia 133 111 104 26 41 422 837Wisconsin 4 4 4 4 0 0 16Wyoming 158 79 52 20 69 36 414TOTALS 21,543 18,555 18,903 11,825 15,375 7,098 93,299

Appendix E – State Level Data on Participants’ Self-Reported Income (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 19

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

Appendix F – State Level Data on Participants’ Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity

STATE

AMERICAN INDIAN OR

ALASKA NATIVE ASIAN

BLACK OR AFRICAN

AMERICANHISPANIC

OR LATINO

NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER

PACIFIC ISLANDER WHITE

TWO OR MORE RACES

DATA NOT REPORTED OTHER

STATE TOTALS

Alabama 7 0 137 7 0 185 2 0 3 341Alaska 55 6 42 12 4 300 39 44 0 502Arizona 22 21 97 974 13 1,868 117 816 19 3,947Arkansas 4 1 43 15 1 299 7 4 0 374California 18 31 93 392 10 431 85 31 0 1,091Colorado 0 2 97 133 2 107 27 18 63 449Connecticut 2 1 73 115 2 155 14 8 2 372Delaware 6 12 148 68 1 382 8 1 0 626District of Columbia 0 1 129 11 1 8 3 0 2 155Florida 11 13 631 194 3 2,006 138 10 0 3,006Georgia 4 0 108 6 0 21 1 0 0 140Guam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 27Hawaii 2 95 12 19 114 59 5 0 0 306Idaho 2 0 0 9 1 77 3 28 4 124Illinois 5 16 798 523 3 765 101 51 0 2,262Indiana 21 16 1,128 240 7 2,958 193 159 21 4,743Iowa 1 3 33 5 0 305 9 0 0 356Kansas 11 3 49 27 0 509 6 0 1 606Kentucky 0 0 70 6 0 300 0 58 6 440Louisiana 2 1 162 0 0 17 0 0 0 182Maine 31 3 22 30 1 1,898 29 50 0 2,064Maryland 0 3 133 40 0 496 15 12 23 722Massachusetts 5 13 54 120 1 451 29 0 0 673Michigan 12 2 398 46 1 1,335 58 0 0 1,852Minnesota 48 23 204 72 0 298 66 283 0 994Mississippi 3 3 858 11 0 140 2 1 0 1,018Missouri 3 3 89 13 0 327 2 49 0 486

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 20

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE

AMERICAN INDIAN OR

ALASKA NATIVE ASIAN

BLACK OR AFRICAN

AMERICANHISPANIC

OR LATINO

NATIVE HAWAIIAN OR OTHER

PACIFIC ISLANDER WHITE

TWO OR MORE RACES

DATA NOT REPORTED OTHER

STATE TOTALS

Montana 54 2 4 21 3 180 8 15 4 291Nebraska 4 2 24 46 0 250 4 0 4 334Nevada 9 17 115 218 12 211 30 0 2 614New Hampshire 0 2 19 35 5 877 11 37 4 990New Jersey 2 5 144 162 3 239 17 545 0 1,117New Mexico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1New York 6 21 300 290 1 760 32 140 0 1,550North Carolina 30 24 936 196 34 1,419 120 45 1 2,805North Dakota 47 0 4 12 0 182 7 0 0 252Ohio 2 0 124 23 0 788 14 36 0 987Oklahoma 54 4 278 73 0 661 56 0 0 1,126Oregon 0 0 21 20 0 14 1 25 0 81Pennsylvania 2 4 101 22 0 398 17 19 0 563Puerto Rico 0 0 2 142 0 0 0 0 0 144Rhode Island 22 17 100 163 2 660 77 17 0 1,058South Carolina 0 0 981 28 0 438 3 0 0 1,450South Dakota 19 1 11 16 1 315 6 0 0 369Tennessee 5 6 719 98 2 521 32 4 0 1,387Texas 344 143 9,036 14,732 16 13,429 99 458 2 38,259Utah 2 5 6 48 5 213 17 11 1 308Vermont 2 2 9 36 2 237 1 26 0 315Virginia 40 54 3,055 561 27 5,139 345 35 6 9,262Washington 24 16 77 91 7 624 48 22 2 911West Virginia 0 4 38 2 2 678 15 98 0 837Wisconsin 4 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 16Wyoming 16 3 4 21 2 351 0 17 0 414TOTALS 963 608 21,720 20,148 289 44,281 1,919 3,201 170 93,299

Appendix F – State Level Data on Participants’ Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity (continued)

Office of Child Support Enforcement • www.acf.hhs.gov/css 21

Access and Visitation Program Update – FY 2017

STATE

NCP FATHERS WITH PARENTING TIME

INCREASE

NCP MOTHERS WITH PARENTING TIME

INCREASEAlabama 187 76Alaska 106 28Arizona 980 366Arkansas 108 18California 375 160Colorado 129 15Connecticut 154 30Delaware 207 103District of Columbia 109 43Florida 582 921Georgia 132 8Guam 25 2Hawaii 117 36Idaho 58 66Illinois 712 97Indiana 21 5Iowa 134 36Kansas 337 203Kentucky 1 1Louisiana 90 0Maine 432 338Maryland 74 14Massachusetts 266 47Michigan 760 257Minnesota 252 267Mississippi 96 4Missouri 344 142

STATE

NCP FATHERS WITH PARENTING TIME

INCREASE

NCP MOTHERS WITH PARENTING TIME

INCREASEMontana 114 177Nebraska 110 18Nevada 169 11New Hampshire 182 61New Jersey 156 56New Mexico 1 0New York 381 158North Carolina 1,005 324North Dakota 128 124Ohio 292 154Oklahoma 357 45Oregon 17 0Pennsylvania 166 107Puerto Rico 55 17Rhode Island 556 135South Carolina 494 14South Dakota 271 72Tennessee 391 95Texas 4,145 703Utah 66 26Vermont 70 28Virginia 2,136 384Washington 337 123West Virginia 270 108Wisconsin 4 4Wyoming 152 115TOTALS 18,813 6,342

Appendix G- State Level Data on Noncustodial Parents with Parenting Time Increase