Fxnl Neuroanatomy Slides I
Transcript of Fxnl Neuroanatomy Slides I
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Functional neuroanatomyBrad Dickerson, [email protected]
How do thought, emotion and behavior arise from this?
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Functional neuroanatomy
• Overview of brain anatomy & systems– Localization/networks– Scale in the nervous system– Sensorimotor systems
• How our brains interact with the external world (loops)– States ‘of mind’ (and body)
• Specific functional systems– Memory & emotion
• How our brains use previous experience to modify behavior
• Vision & attention; language
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Brain anatomy
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Approaches to the study of brain function
•Animals & humans: anatomy, physiology, & behavior•Tract tracing•Single unit recordings•Behavioral studies; pharmacology
•Patients with focal brain lesions•Behavioral studies & post-mortem anatomy•Structural imaging: In vivo structure/function correlations
•Neuroimaging/brain mapping•Functional neuroimaging
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Scale in studying the nervous system
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Localization of function in the nervous system
Phrenology (Gall, early 1800s)1.The brain is the organ of the mind.2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties.3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.
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Localization of function in the nervous system: Paul Broca & language
1860s
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Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
1909 2005
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What are we doing with our brains at this moment?
(The student’s brain)
• Feeling your chair• Squirming (moving)• Watching• Listening• Remembering• Paying attention• Sleeping• Feeling anxious• Feeling hungry• What happens when you ask a question?
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Motor function
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Motor system
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The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
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The Brain is Composed of Discrete Cells: Neurons and Glia
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Neurons have specialized processes that support electrochemical transmission
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Neurons communicate with each other primarily through synapses
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Glia support and maintain neurons
• Protect by surrounding and buffering
• Speed transmission by forming myelin sheaths
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Motor system:Topography
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Motor system
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Motor system
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Somatosensory function
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Somatosensory function
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Somatosensory function
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Auditory function
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Auditory function
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Vision
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Visual systemVisual system
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Visual systemVisual system
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Visual systemVisual system
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Visual systemVisual system
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Visual systemVisual system
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Visual systemVisual system
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Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
1909 2005
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Localization of function in the nervous system: Functional networks
5 major brain systems subserving
cognition and behaviorLeft perisylvian language networkParieto-frontal network for spatial attentionOccipitotemporal network for object/face recognitionMedial temporal/limbic network for learning & memoryPrefrontal network for attention & comportment
From Mesulam MM, Brain, 1998
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Localization of function in the nervous system: Maps and networks
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What are we doing with our brains at this moment?
(The student’s brain)
• Feeling your chair• Squirming (moving)• Watching• Listening• Remembering• Paying attention• Sleeping• Feeling anxious• Feeling hungry• What happens when you ask a question?