FWSVA Series_Referenced Handbook Water Storage Container Inspection Guide in Deployed...

WSVA Series

Referenced Handbook:

Water Storage Container Inspection Guide in Deployed Areas

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Rev. 00, February 2014

Author: Sephora Harman

Foreword:

Potential threats to water infrastructure are ever present. Historical documents from ancient times

reveal that aggressors used various tactics to undermine water systems. These days, innovative

means, such as cyber-attacks are not inconceivable. And in deployed or contingency environments the

vulnerability to such attacks is amplified.

In contingency environment the water infrastructure within a given water mission consists of various

critical assets which are controlled by separate departments. The strength of any water infrastructure,

therefore, lies in the capability of these separate entities and as a cohesive unit in safeguarding these

critical assets. From water source supply to water quality monitoring at the point of use, the readiness

to counteract potential threats can be achieved through a robust water management system.

One of various critical assets that must be regularly monitored for security and sanitary concerns is the

“POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage tank. This is a component of the water infrastructure that is

easily neglected and yet it is also one that is easily managed. This handbook is a how-to or DIY

inspection of a “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage tank in deployed environment. It is intended to

provide the owner(s) of plastic water storage tank(s) a quick reference to the current standards

required in the management of “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage tank. It is my hope that the

information in this handbook assists in the management of “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water

container(s) and in preparation for inspection by authorized water auditor or PrevMed inspector.

During my tenure as a LOGCAP contractor I was part of an internal assessment team in my area of

operation (AO) and I was also dispatched outside of my AO wherein my main task was to assess critical

areas in ice and water missions in various installations. At the end of each audit I drew up corrective

action plan for the deficiency findings and conducted training sessions. The ultimate goal of those

training sessions was to prevent the same deficiency from recurring and for new deficiencies from

occurring. This systematic approach steered toward a more robust water management that promoted

awareness in the total security and sanitary concerns of the water systems; and thus, enabling

personnel to implement measures that generated quicker response to water contingencies. Although I

was highly mobilized, I could only be in one camp installation at a time. This handbook extends to

those I was not able to assist while on mission sets and to anyone who could benefit from such a

handbook.

Sephora Harman

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WSVA Series

Referenced Handbook:

Water Storage Container Inspection Guide in Deployed Areas

CONTENT

I. Summary

II. Objectives

III. Inspection of “Potable Water Only” water storage container

A. Frequency

B. DA FORM 5457

C. Owners

D. Referenced criteria checklist

IV. Training Module

A. Overview

B. Components of a “Potable Water Only” water container

C. Visual Description

D. Security and Sanitary Enhancement

E. Fieldwork

V. Reference Index

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Compliance-based Water Storage Inspection Guide in Deployed Areas

I. SUMMARY

This handbook is a referenced and compliance-based guideline to inspecting plastic water storage container in

deployed environment overseas and will refer to stand/alone plastic water storage that can hold < 5K gallons

designated to store “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water. This handbook DOES NOT include inspecting water

containers that are made of fiberglass, stainless steel and aluminum.

“Potable Water Only” water containers and their respective accessories are critical assets within the water

infrastructure of base installation water missions. These assets provide storage of potable water for human

consumption and they must be maintained to ensure that the quality of water inside the water container meets

the standards in accordance with all US governing documents and including guidelines from the host nation.

Maintenance of “Potable Water Only” water containers are subject to the standards in accordance with TBMED

577, TBMED 530, TG188, USEPA, and OEBGD governing documents. Where a more stringent measure between

two different standards exists, it is highly recommended to abide by the more stringent measure in support of a

robust water storage tank management program. The water infrastructure consists of various critical

components and this handbook presents but one of those components, water storage containers which are

subject to inspection by PrevMed inspectors.

II. OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of this handbook is to reference the stand-alone plastic water storage container

standards in accordance with TBME 577, TBMED 530, TG188, USEPA, and OEBGD governing documents.

Utilized as a quick reference, this handbook attempts to minimize the lag time in researching standards

and directives applicable to serviced water containers/tanks in deployed areas. It is designed to be

updated as needed. This handbook is not a replacement for the above governing documents and must

be updated accordingly. This is revision zero, Rev. 00. The updated revision will replace the preceding

handbook and the old handbook shall be discarded.

Inclusion of a training module within this handbook is formatted for the purpose of promoting

awareness of the standards referenced from the different governing agencies such as the USEPA and US

military technical bulletins. Actual scenarios and graphics from the field are included in the module. This

handbook should not be utilized as a comprehensive learning approach to water tank management. It

is intended for use as a quick access to referenced standards concerning water storage tank

management.

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III. Inspection of “Potable Water Only” water storage container

A. Frequency. TBMED 577, Table 16-1 indicates that the PM (Preventive Medicine) may inspect

potable water containers monthly. Prior to in-service, “Potable Water Only” water storage

container is subject to approval of PM. No exception. Any deviation must be waived by the PM.

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B. DA FORM 5457. PM inspectors utilize DA Form 5457 when inspecting potable water container.

Original copy is retained by the PM and a duplicate copy may be provided to the owner.

C. Owners. Owners of “Potable Water Only” water storage container within a US base installation

overseas may include DPW (Directorate of Public Works), DOL (Directorate of Logistics), contractors,

and individual vendors. Owners are responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of their respective

“Potable Water Only” water storage container and the immediate area.

D. Referenced Criteria checklist. The main objective of the checklist is to provide quick access to

references from the governing standards relating to “Potable Water Only” water storage containers.

It does not replace the governing documents. Owners are responsible to cross-reference the

information herein.

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TG188 Chapter 3, WSVA1

TBMED 577: 17-1 3(c)2; 17-2

3

OEBGD C3.3.1.7.34

EPA: Storage Tank Mgmt (STM)5

1. Location of the water container

a. Security (Food establishment, Ice Plant, Hospital, Medic)

b. Annual flushing Plan

c. Cleanliness of the area

TBMED 577 16-2b6; 16-10c7

OEBGD C3.3.1.18

2a Documentation and record-keeping practices

2b. Map/drawing (photo) of the water container system

TBMED 530 8-10 b9

TBMED 577 16-5 c(4)10

; 16-6c11

3. Use only NSF/ANSI 61 approved materials and equipment

TBMED 577 16-5b(1)12

EPA: (STM), Foundation13

4. Foundation

a. Water container/tank is level

b. Free from cracks/deterioration

DA FORM 545714

TBMED 577 16-5 b(4)15

; 16-6 b16

TBMED 577 16-11h(4)17

5. Container Exterior

a. Tank is CLEARLY labeled "POTABLE WATER ONLY" on both sides

b. Clean/Good repair/Maintained in a sanitary condition

DA FORM 545718

TBMED 577 16-5b(3)19

TBMED 577 16-11h(3)20

6. Top Cover/Lid

a. Tank lid sealed and secured/has locking mechanism

b. Lid is non-porous material

DA FORM 545721

TBMED 577 16-6a22

7. Container interior

a. Clean

b. Good condition/good repair

EPA: STM, water level indicator23 8. Water level indicator

TBMED 530 7-10b and 8-10d24

EPA: STM, Air vents25

9. Tank has air and overflow vents system

a. Vents terminate in a downward direction

b. Vents covered with a #16-mesh screen to keep animals and birds out

c. Vents supplying food establishments must be covered with a protective filter when the vent is in

an area that is not protected from windblown dirt and debris

TBMED 577 16-5c(1)26

10. Standpipe hose (fill port)

a. at least 4 ft above the ground to prevent contamination

b. Fill port is secured at critical facilities (Food establishment, ice plant, hospital)

TBMED 577 16-5bc(3)27

TBMED 577 16-7b28

DA FORM 545729

11. Hose nozzle or spigots

a. has camlock system/spigot protective boxes intact

b. off the ground and clean

c. capped ; free of rust and salt minerals

DA FORM 545730

TBMED 577 16-3 a(1)31

12. Drainage

a. Tank has drainage port for superchlorination

b. Discharge port is secured in critical areas (DFAC, Ice plant, Hospital)

c. Soakage pit constructed beneath the spigots

d. Area under the tank is dry; drainage is provided to prevent pooling of water at fill points

References: TBMED 577/530, TG188, EPA, and OEBGD (Overseas Enviromental Baseline Guidance Document)

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Intentionally Blank

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IV. Training Module

A. Overview. The inclusion of this short training module is to promote awareness of the standards

pertaining to “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage container that are in deployed environment.

Geographical consideration is included, especially in dry region where sandstorms are prevalent.

B. Components of a stand-alone/stationary “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage container

Body of the water container

Top cover/tank lid

Air Vent

Overflow Vent

Fill port from service line or water truck

Valves and pipes to the end-user/POU

Discharge port for superchlorinated water

Labeling protocols

Water level indicator

All materials and accessories must conform with NSF/ANSI standard 61

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C. Visual Description.

1. Location of the water container

The location of water containers must be taken into consideration. The use of fence around the water storage

tank(s) is an effective deterrent from potential threat in identified high risk areas, such as food establishment,

ice plant, hospital, and medic facilities (TG188 3-16; TBMED 577 17-2; 17-5 a3(c)/(e)). Any improvement or

enhancement to physical security (TBMED 577 17-5 c (1)) is highly recommended. An effective annual water

main flushing program must be included in the management of water storage tanks (OEBGD C3.3.1.7.3; USEPA).

Maintain good housekeeping practices to prevent accumulation of dirt and standing water that could potentially

become a breeding ground for algae growth and insects.

These water storage tanks are fenced in and the entrance is padlocked. Electrical components are secured.

When water is delivered via water tanker truck, ensure that

the fill port is secured complete with a locking mechanism

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2. Documentation and record-keeping

Documentation and record-keeping, including archiving, are an integral part of document-control process and

are required IAW TBMED 577 16-2b and 16-10c. In addition, map/drawing (photo) of the water container system

(OEBGD C3.3.1.1) should also be included. Effective record-keeping and archiving contributes to the total

management of water missions. Deficiency findings and their effective corrective action plan must be recorded

for future references. Preventing recurrence of deficiencies and anomalies is one of the essential objectives of a

robust water infrastructure management.

Photo of a cluster of water storage tank and their components.

A sample of work order summary.

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A sample of inspection checklist of individual water container. All documents must be kept for future references.

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3. Materials and Equipment

TBMED 530 7-10b, TBMED 577 16-5 c (4), and TBMED 577 16-6(c) specifically mandate the use of material and

equipment relating to potable water to be of food grade or NSF International Standard 61, aka NSF/ANSI 61.

4. Foundation

Water storage containers must be leveled (TBMED 577 16-5b (1)) and placed on solid foundation. Foundation

should be free from cracks. Inspect for any deterioration and corrosion (EPA: (STM), Foundation). Maintain

cleanliness as part of housekeeping.

Photo of a spigot marked NSF-61.

This photo was re-imaged from a list

of approved spigot, from which there

are thousands to choose from.

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Container Exterior

Water storage container must be clearly marked “POTABLE WATER ONLY” (DA FORM 5457) and stenciled on

both long sides of the exterior of the containers (TBMED 57716-6 b). The water storage container must be maintained

in a sanitary condition (TBMED 577 16-5 b (4) and 16-11h (4)).

5. Top Cover/Lid

Water storage tanks must be covered (DA FORM 5457; TBMED 577 16-5b (3) and 16-11h (3)) with the same material

as the water storage tank or a non-porous material. The lid must be sealed or has a locking mechanism for

sanitary and security concerns.

The lid on this water storage tank is bolted down with screws and also has a locking

mechanism. This tank is scheduled for inspection every six months wherein a trained

personnel unlocks the lid and unscrews the cover and checks the interior of the tank.

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6. Container Interior

7. Water Level Indicator

The water level indicator should be

inspected and maintained to

ensure that they operate properly.

(EPA: STM, water level indicator)

The interior of “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water

storage container must be clean and in good

repair (DA FORM 5457; TBMED 577 16-6 (a)).

When checking the interior of the water container

ensure that all safety measures are observed.

This photo shows a water operator wearing a hard

hat, safety glasses, and safety harness while checking

the interior of the water container prior to cleaning

and sanitization of the water storage container.

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8. Vents

All “POTABLE WATER ONLY” water storage container must include air vents and water flow vents that terminate

in a downward direction. Vents must be covered with a #16-mesh to 25.4mm screen to keep animals and birds

out. (TBMED 530 7-10b and 8-10d; EPA: STM, proper design of air vents). Vents supplying food establishments

must be covered with a protective filter when the vent is in an area that is not protected from windblown dirt

and debris. (TBMED 530 7-10b and 8-10d).

Vents supplying food establishments must be

covered with a protective filter when the

vent is in an area that is not protected from

windblown dirt and debris.

This photo was taken just after a sandstorm.

The filter provided protection from fine dust.

Vents must be covered with a #16-mesh to 25.4mm screen to keep animals and

birds out. These photos show wire mesh screens over air and water flow vents

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9. Standpipe Hose

Standpipe hoses should be at least 4 ft above the ground to prevent contamination (TBMED 577 16-5c (1)).

10. Hose Nozzle/Spigots/Camlock system

Hose nozzles should be clean and kept off the ground (TBMED 577 16-5bc (3)) and all cam-lock system are

capped, free of rust or salt minerals. All spigots function properly; spigot protective boxes intact and free of

excessive rust; locking devices for spigot functions properly (DA FORM 5457/ TBMED 577 16-7b).

Hose nozzles should be clean and kept off the ground.

Photo shows hose nozzles are secured inside a locked

metal cage. Additionally, the cam-lock system of the

hose nozzle have locking device; only authorized

personnel have access to the key.

Cam-lock system should be regularly inspected

for any signs of rust and salt/mineral formation.

Photo shows a well-maintained cam-lock system.

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Regular inspection of the cam-lock system for cleanliness can prevent accumulation of rust/salt formation.

11. Drainage

Soakage pits constructed beneath spigots (DA FORM 5457) should be considered to prevent pooling of water at

fill point (TBMED 577 16-3 a (1)) and keep the area under tank dry.

Pooling of water under the water tank (photo on

the left) can be attributed to leaks. And this can

lead to standing water that can then lead to algae

growth beneath the spigots if the area is not

maintained.

The area around the discharge port should be dry

(photo below) and a well-planned cleaning and

sanitization schedule should include the means to

discharge water into an approved location

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D. Security and sanitary enhancement. Any enhancement to the security and sanitary condition of water

storage tank is highly recommended. A proactive approach by the owner contributes to the overall

strength of the water infrastructure within a specific water mission.

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E. Fieldwork. Examples of Deficiencies that may be encountered in the field

It is vital that deficiencies which can be corrected on the spot must be done so and to document the action

taken to correct this deficiency. Owners must be aware of deficiencies concerning their water storage

containers in order to make corrections and implement measures to prevent the deficiency from recurring.

Below are examples of deficiencies that may be encountered in the field. The deficiencies found in the field

at the time of inspection were noted and appropriate corrective action plan (CAP) was implemented.

Measures were then taken to prevent recurrence of the same deficiency. These photos are used for the

purpose of training only. The deficiencies in these photos have been corrected.

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V. References

A. TBMED 577 Table 16-1: Sanitary Control and Surveillance of Field Water Supplies, 1 May 2010

B. DA FORM 5457: Potable Water Container Inspection form

C. No reference listed

D. Criteria Checklist

1. TG188 Chapter 3: Food and Water Vulnerability Assessment Guide, TG 188 August 2004

2. TBMED 577 17-1 3(c)

3. TBMED 577 17-2

4. OEBGD C3.3.1.7.3: OEBGD, DoD 4715.05-G, May 1, 2007

5. EPA: http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/wastewater/storage_tanks_cap.cfm

6. TBMED 577 16-2b

7. TBMED 57716-10c

8. OEBGD C3.3.1.1

9. TBMED 530 8-10 b: Occupational and Environmental Health Food Sanitation, 2002

10. TBMED 577 16-5 c(4)

11. TBMD 16-6c

12. TBMED 577 16-5b(1)


14. DA FORM 5457

15. TBMED 577 16-5 b(4)

16. TBMED 577 16-6 b

17. TBMED 577 16-11h(4)

18. DA FORM 5457

19. TBMED 577 16-5b(3)

20. TBMED 577 16-11h(3)

21. DA FORM 5457

22. TBMED 577 16-6a


24. TBMED 530 8-10d


26. TBMED 577 16-5c(1)

27. TBMED 577 16-5bc(3)

28. TBMED 577 16-7b

29. DA FORM 5457

30. DA FORM 5457

31. TBMED 577 16-3 a(1)

http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/wastewater/storage_tanks_cap.cfm




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About the author:

Sephora Harman’s work pertaining to water began while working as an intern in a pharmaceutical company

where she developed an effective method that yielded favorable experimental results. Since then, Sephora had

continuously found ways to improve procedures and methods during the various job posts she held from

Analytical Chemist to Principal Engineering Tech. Sephora conducted experimental orders in support of

NETZERO water initiatives for the purpose of alleviating fresh water demands. These included water reclamation

project using gray water for dust abatement order, water recycling project such as the installing of a laundry

recycler, and smaller projects to effectively minimize water loss in the water distribution systems. Reverse

osmosis water purification is the technology of choice for producing high water quality and one of Sephora’s

work on the field water system vulnerability assessment (WSVA) resulted in the establishment of a ROWPU-

based water mission in one base camp. The definitive mission at all times was to safeguard the water

infrastructure within the walls of camp installation to maintain a healthy population that contributes to mission

readiness. It begins with the assessment of water systems and ends with the implementation of appropriate

program(s). The successes of these projects were possible with the concerted efforts of the pertinent

stakeholders in support of a robust water management.

Sephora Harman graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a degree in Bachelor of Science in

Biochemistry. She received commendations and awards for her efforts and contribution to the water missions

in deployed and contingency environment overseas. She is currently writing WSVA Series, a segmented

presentation of the different components of water infrastructure in given water mission. Her works can be

viewed at http://fwsva.weebly.com/

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