fVIi - National Institute of Open Schooling...9-3 v/kquk voxPNke% izFke% va'k% jktlHkk;k% n`';e~...

l aLÑr e~

dkys i Qyfr l kSHkkX; e~

fVIi . kh

154

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~

( ukVde~)

9

dkys Qyfr lkSHkkX;e~

dks u tkukfr [kyq dkys ,o o{kk% QyfUrA dkys ,o of’V% tk;rsA dkys ,o HkouL; fuekZ.ka HkofrA çFkes dqn~nkyk?kkrs ,o Hkwrykr~ tya u fuLljfrA

{ks=s’kq /kkU;e~ vfi le;s ,o izjksgfrA vr% vLekfHk% /kS;sZ.k dk;Za dj.kh;e~A fujk'k%HkwRok e/;ekxsZ ,o ç;Ru% u R;DrO;%A dFke~ ,d% fu/kZu% tu% /kS;Ze~ voyEC; /kuoku~Hkofr bfr iBke% o;e~ vfLeu~ gkL;ukVdsA

mís';kfu

bea ikBa ifBRok Hkoku~

ukV~;ka”kL; lkjka”ka ysf[krqa 'k{;fr( ikBs ç;qäkuka ik=k.kka pfj=fp=.ka drq± 'k{;fr( bu~ çR;;kUrinkuka :ikf.k KkRok okD;ç;ksxa drq± 'k{;fr( iwoZ:ilfU/k;qäinkuka lfU/kPNsna dfj’;fr( rRiq#’kleLrinkfu fpRok foxzga dfj’;fr( DRok çR;;L; LFkkus Y;i~ çR;;L; ç;ksxa drq± {ke% Hkfo";fr( äorq çR;;L; LFkkus y³~ ydkjL; fØ;kinkfu ysf[k’;fr( Hkw] 'kd~] Øh /kkrwuka yVkfn&i×p ydkjs"kq :ik.kka iz;ksxa dfj";frA

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fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)

fØ;kdyki%

mi;qZDrfp=s chtpØa çnf”kZre~A fp=a n’V~ok v/kksfyf[krokD;kfu iwj;Urq

¼d½ chtkr~ v³~dqj% çtk;rs

¼[k½ --------- ikni% ------------

¼x½ ---------- ---------- çtk;rs

¼?k½ o{kkr~ ------------ -------------

¼³½ --------- Qye~ --------------

¼p½ Qykr~ --------- ---------------

o{k%

iq"ie~

Qye~

chte~

v³~dqj%

ikni%

9-1% chtpØa

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( ukVde~) 9-1 ewyikB%

dkys Qyfr lkSHkkX;e~

;Fkk chta rfLeUuso {k.k s Qya u mRikn;fr rFkSo iq.;deZ.kk a QyefirR{k.keso u HkofrA iBke% rkor~ vfreuksj×tde~ ,rr~ ukVde~A

¼jktlHkk;k% n`';e~A flagklus mifo’V% jktk ik'osZ eU=h p½

çrhgkjh & ¼çfo”;½ t;rq egkjkt%A çHkks! d”puth.kZoL=/kkjh fu/kZu% Hkon~n”kZukfHkyk’kh}kjs fr"BfrA

jktk & lknja re~ vUr% ços”k;A

çrhgkjh & ;FkkKki;fr egkjkt%A ¼çrhgkjh xPNfr½

jktk & ¼Loxre~½ dFka ee jkT;s th.kZoL=/kkjhfu/kZu%\

çrhgkjh & ¼yC/knÙksu lg çfo”;½ t;rq egkjkt%A

yC/knÙk% & t;rq egkjkt%A

jktk & Hkks% dFka ee jkT;s fu/kZu%] nhiL; v/k%vU/kdkj%A

yC/knÙk% & egkjkt! fda djksfe] ee HkkX;e~ ,ofoijhre~A

eU=h & egkjkt! fda u vfHktkukfr] ,’k% ,o,dnk ous egkjktL; çk.kku~ jf{kroku~A

yC/knÙk% & ekrHkwes% egkjktL; p _.ka çR;iZf;rqae;k ç;kl% ,o —r%A

jktk & vke~ LejkfeA rnk vfi Hkoku~ u fdefi;kfproku~A Hkor% fouezr;k çlUu% vfLeAonrq fde~ bPNfr\

yC/knÙk% & Hkorka n“kZukFkZe~ ,o vkxroku~A

jktk & ¼ik”oZa n’V~ok½ çrhgkfju~A ee “k;ukxkjs,da chtiwjQye~ vfLrA “kh?kza rr~ vkUk;A

çrhgkjh & ;FkkKki;fr egkjkt%A ¼fu"ØE;] çfo”;p½

çrhgkjh & t;rq egkjkt%A ,rn~ chtiwjQye~A

jktk & ¼Loh—R;½ Hkks% yC/knÙkA Lohdjksrq ,rr~Qye~A br% ija cgqewY;a oL=a ifj/kk;,o jktlHkk;ke~ vkxPNrq Hkoku~A

'kCnkFkkZ%jktlHkk;k% ¾ jktnjckj dkizrhgkjh ¾ }kjikyizfo'; ¾ igudjth.kZoL=/kkjh ¾ QVs iqjkus diM+sigusizos'k; ¾ izos'k djkvks

Loxre~ ¾ ,d vksj cksyh tkus

okyh ckr tks vU; ik=ksa dks

lqukbZ u nsA

vfHktkufUr ¾ igpkurk gS

izR;iZf;rqe~ ¾ okil djus ds

fy,] pqdkus ds fy,

'k;ukxkjs ¾ lksus ds d{k esa

chtiwjQye~ ¾ chtksa ls Hkjk

Qy

ifj/kk; ¾ igu dj

KkL;fl ¾ tku tkvksxs

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fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)yC/knÙk% & ¼fdf×pn~ uSjk”;e~ vuqHkou~½ /kU;% vfLeA

¼Qya xghRok xPNfrA½eU=h & egkjktA fde~ ,dsu Qysu rL; nkfjnz~;a

nwjhHkfo’;fr\jktk & le;su KkL;fl] gs efU=u~!çrhgkjh & t;rq egkjkt%A egkjkt! ,d% lk/kq%

jktn”kZukdka{kh }kjs fr’BfrAjktk & lEekuiwoZde~ vku; re~A

¼rr% lk/kq% izfo'kfrA½lk/kq% & t;rq egkjkt%A ,de~ viwoZa Qya Hkors

viZf;rqe~ vkxrks·ge~A —i;k LohdjksrqAjktk & ¼xghRok lk”p;Ze~½ vgks ,rr~ rq rnso

Qye~A Hkks% lk/kks! dqr% çkIre~ ,rr~ Qye~\lk/kq% & jktu~! ekxsZ ,d% vrho fu/kZu% tu% ,rr~

Qya foØh.kkfr LeA fnO;a çdk”kekue~,rr~ Qya n’V~ok vge~ ,da :I;da nÙokØhroku~ v= p vkuhroku~A

jktk & vfr”kksHkue~A Hkoku~ ee vfrfFkx`gsfoJkfUre~ vuqHkorqA

lk/kq% & —rKks·fLe] jktu~A ¼xPNfr½jktk & çrhgkfju~! iqu% ra th.kZoL=/kkfj.ke~

yC/knÙke~ vkºo;rqAçrhgkjh & ;Fkk vkKki;fr egkjkt%A ¼xPNfr]

yC/knÙksu lg çfo”;½ ,"k% yC/knÙk%AyC/knÙk% & t;rq egkjkt%A {kE;rke~A cqHkq{k;k

ihfMrks·ga rRQye~ ,dsu :I;ds.kfoØhroku~A

jktk & fpUrk ek vLrqA iqu% Lohdjksrq rnsoQye ~A ¼yC/ knÙ k % Qy a Loh—R;fuxZPNfrA½

izrhgkjh & ¼izfo';½ t;r q egkjkt%A dk s·fijktn'kZukFkhZ }kjs fr"BfrA

jktk & re~ vUr% izos'k;Aizrhgkjh & ;FkkKki;fr egkjkt%A ¼xPNfr] iqu%

O;kikfj.kk lg izfo'kfrA½O;kikjh & t;rq egkjkt%A egkjkt] Hkors ,da fnO;a

Qye~ migkj:is.k viZ;kfeA Ñi;kLohdjksrqA

jktn'kZukdka{kh ¾ jktk dk n'kZu

pkgus okyk

viwoZe~ ¾ vuks[kk

viZf;rqe~ ¾ nsus ds fy,

foØh.kkfr Le ¾ csprk Fkk

izdk'kekue~ ¾ pedrk gqvk

vkuhroku~ ¾ ys vk;k

foJkfUre~ ¾ vkjke] foJke

vkg~o;rq ¾ cqykb,

vkKki;fr ¾ vkKk nsrk gS

cqHkq{k;k ¾ Hkw[k ls

ek vLrq ¾ er gks

leiZ.kh;e~ ¾ nsuk gS] lkSaiuk

gS

eU;s ¾ ekurk gw¡

izdk'ke~ ¾ tksj ls] lcdks lqukbZ

nsus yk;d 'kCnksa ls

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( ukVde~) jktk & ¼lk'p;Ze~] Loxre~½ vjs] iqu% rnso Qye~AeU;s l% ew[kZ% iqu% ,rr~ Qye~ ,dsu:I;ds.k foØhroku~A ¼izdk'ke~½ HkksO;kikfju~] dqr% izkIre~ ,rr~ Qye~A

O;kikjh & egkjkt! ,d% th.kZoL=/kkjh ,rr~ QyafoØh.kkfr LeA cgqewY;e~ vn~Hkqre~ bfrp eRok rLeS oL=;qxya nÙok v=vkuhroku~~A

jktk & çhrks·fLe Hkor% jktHkDR;kA efU=u~A ,ua;Fkksfpra lR—R; çs’k;rqA ra yC/knÙka piqu% vkºo;rqA

eU=h & ;Fkk vkfn”kfr Hkoku~A

jktk & ¼Loxre~½ dFka ew[kZ% l% yC/knÙk% uvfHktkukfr QyL; fnO;rke~A ¼O;kikjhxPNfr] yC/knÙk% iqu% çfo”kfr ½

yC/knÙk% & t;rq egkjkt%A i”;rq Hkxou~A Hkorka—i;k v| uwrua oL=;qxya /kkj;kfeAegku~ vkuUn% orZrsA

jktk & Hkoku~ vYilUrq’V% yksHkjfgr% bfr n’V~okçlUu% vfLeA iqu% ,rr~ Qya LohdjksrqAHkor% losZ euksjFkk% iw.kkZ% Hkfo’;fUrA

yC/knÙk% & vuqxghrks·fLeA ¼Qya xghRok xPNfr½

¼rr% çfo'kfr ,dk urZdh½

urZdh & t;rq egkjkt%A egkjkt! vge~ ,dafnO;a Qya Hkors migkjkFkZe~ vkuhrorhA

jktk & ¼Loxre~½ vgks! iqujfi rnso Qye~A losZvL; fnO;rk a ifjKk; ,rr ~ v=vku;fUrA l% rkor~ vYiewY;kFkZe~ ,rr~foØh.kkfrA ¼izdk'ke~½ xPNrq Hkorh v|A¼urZdh xPNfr½

jktk & çrhgkfju~! iqujfi l% yC/knÙk% vkuh;rke~A

yC/knÙk% & ¼çfo”;] HkhR;k½ {kE;rke~A egkjkt!çfrfnue~ mnjHkj.ke~ eke~ ,rr~ Qya foØsrqack/;a djksfrA br% ija rFkk u dfj’;kfeAee nks’k% ukfLrA

jktk & vya Hk;suA Hkor% lR;opusu vga lUrq’V%AHkoku~ fouez%] ljy%] vfHkekujfgr%]yksHkjfgr% pA vr% iqu% ,rr~ QyaLohdjksrqA ¼yC/knÙk% xg~.kkfr½

izkIre~ ¾ feyk

oL=;qxye~ ¾ oL=ksa dk ,d

tksM+k

nÙok ¾ nsdj

izhrks·fLe ¾ [kq'k gw¡] izlUu gw¡

lRÑR; ¾ lEeku nsdj

izs"k;rq ¾ Hkstsa

vkfn'kfr ¾ vkns'k nsrk gS

migkjkFkZe~ ¾ migkj ds fy,]

HksaV ds fy,

ifjKk; ¾ tkudj

vku;fUr ¾ ykrs gSa

vkuh;rke~ ¾ ys vkb,

HkhR;k ¾ Mj ls

foØsrqe~ ¾ cspus ds fy,

ck/;e~ ¾ foo'k] etcwj

br% ije~ ¾ blds ckn

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fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)jktk & bnkuha losZ’kka iqjr% ,rr~ Qya [k.M;rqA

¼yC/knÙk% Qya [k.M;frA rLekr~ jRukfuv/k% irfUrA loZ= rs’kka T;ksfr% çljfrA½

yC/knÙk% & ¼vk”p;sZ.k½ vgks jRue;e~~ vklhr~ ,rr~Qye~A vr ,o Hkklrs LeA

eU=h & ¼Loxre~½ ,oe~ fnO;e~ vklhr~ Qye~!¼çdk”ke~½ Hkks yC/knÙkA i”;] f=okje~,rr~ Qya Hkors çnÙke~A Hkoku~ lEçkIrkay{eha iqu% iqu% frjL—roku~A

yC/knÙk% & ¼uSjk”;su½ egkjkt! ee HkkX;s y{eh%uklhr~ vr,o vge~ ,rr~ Qya uifjKkroku~A ¼jkK% pj.k;ks% irfr½A

jktk & ¼yC/knÙke~ mRFkki;u~½ mfÙk’B! lRdeZ.k%ln~fopkjk.kka p Qya dnkfi u u”;frAHkon~fHk% ee çk.kj{kk —rkA f=okja e;kfofo/kk% tuk% Hkor% ijh{kkFk± çsf’krk%A Hkoku~yksHka u —Rok vYisuSo ewY;su ,rr~ QyafoØhroku~A loZnk lR;eso mäe~A vr%bnkuhe~ ,rkfu lokZf.k jRukfu HkorsnkL;kfeA LohdjksrqA

yC/knÙk% & t;rq egkjkt%! vuqx`ghrks·fLeA fpjathorq Hkoku~ loZnk çtkfgrfpUrd%A uwuaHkorka jkT;s dks·fi fu/kZu% Hkforqa u“kDuksfrA

eU=h & /kU;% vfLr vLekda egkjkt%& uwue~lR;eso mäe~&dkys Qyfr lkSHkkX;e~A

¼iVk{ksi%½

9-2 cks/kç'uk%1- Hkon~fHk% ewyikB% ifBr%A rnuqlkjeso mÙkja nnrqA d% da çfr dFk;fr\

d% de~

;Fkk& Hkks%A dFka ee jkT;s fu/kZu%\ jktk yC/knÙke~

¼d½ t;rq egkjkt%A ,rn~ chtiwjQye~ A ----------- --------------

¼[k½ fde~ ,dsu Qysu rL; nkfjnz~;a nwjhHkfo’;fr\ ------------ --------------

¼x½ cgqewY;e~ vn~Hkqre~ bfr eRok rLeS oL=;qxyanÙok v= vkuhroku~ ----------- -------------

[k.M;rq ¾ rksfM+,& QksfM+,

Hkklrs Le ¾ ped jgk Fkk

lEizkIrke~ ¾ ikbZ gqbZ

frjLÑroku~ ¾ vieku dj fn;k

uSjk';su ¾ fujk'kk ls

ifjKkroku~ ¾ igpkuk] tkuk

mRFkki;u~ ¾ mBkrk gqvk

ijh{kkFk± ¾ tk¡p ds fy,

uwue~ ¾ vo';

iVk{ksi% ¾ insZ dk fxjuk

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( ukVde~)

¼?k½ vge~ ,da :I;da nÙok Øhroku~ ------------ --------------

¼³½ Hkors migkjkFk± fnO;a Qye~ vkuhrorh ------------ --------------

2- v/kksfyf[krs laokns fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r

yC/knÙk% ¼çfo”;½ ¼i½----------------- egkjkt%A çfrfnua ¼ii½------------ eke~ ,rr~ Qya¼iii½---------------ck/;a djksfrA br% ¼iv½---------------------u dfj’;kfeA ee¼v½-------------- ukfLrA

jktk vya ¼vi½--------------A ¼vii½--------------- lR;opusu vga lUrq’V%A Hkoku~¼viii½--------------- ljy% ¼ix½------------ yksHkjfgr% pA vr% iqu% ¼x½---------------Qya Lohdq#A

3- fØ;kinkfu ;kst;Urq

¼d½d”pu fu/kZu% Hkon~n”kZue~ --------------------A

¼[k½fda------------------ ee HkkX;e~ ,o foijhre~A

¼x½ Hkks yC/knÙkA --------------- ,rr~ Qye~A

¼?k½ egkjktA Hkors ,da fnO;a Qye~ migkj:is.k------------A

¼³½ bnkuha losZ’kka iqjr% ,rr~ Qya---------------------A

9-3 v/kquk voxPNke%

izFke% va'k%jktlHkk;k% n`';e~ ------------------------------------------------ le;su KkL;fl gs efU=u~A

O;k[;k&

HkoUr% tkufUr ,o ;r~ v|kfi lekts ukVdkuke~ vfHku;% izpyfrA nwjn'kZus vfio;a ukVde~ i';ke%A ukVde~ vfHku;iz/kkua HkofrA vL; mís';e~ u dsoya euksjktue~vfirq izsj.kkiznkue~ vfi HkofrA o;e~ v=kfi ukVds dFke~ ,d% th.kZoL=% fu/kZu%jktn'kZue~ bPNfr jktk p rL; leL;ka dFka nwjha djksfr bfr izFkeka'ks iBke%A

¼d½nhiL; v/k% vU/kdkj%& jktlHkka xra fu/kZua th.kZoL=/kkfj.ka yC/knÙka n"V~okjktk pfdr% lu~ bne~ mDroku~ ^^dFka nhiL; v/k% vU/kdkj%& vFkkZr~ nkfuu%jkK% 'kklus·fi dFke~ ,rkn'k% fu/kZu%\ dFka nkusu of×pr% l%\ ,"kk okrkZ rq jkK%Ñrs vi;'kLdjhA

¼[k½_.ka izR;iZf;rqa e;k iz;kl% Ñr%& vkReu% iz'kalka izfr mnklhu% yC/knÙk% rqdFk;fr] ^^e;k rq dÙkZO;L; fuokZg% ,o Ñr%A vge~ vL; ns'kL; ukxfjd%A v=,o LothoufuokZga djksfeA vr% jkK% j{kke~ ekrHkwes% p j{k.ka vga Ñroku~A**

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fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)¼x½ le;su KkL;fl& mfprle;s ,o dL;kfi deZ.k% Qya izkI;rsA ija deZ rq

dÙkZO;esoA

izFkeka'klkj%

,d% jktk vrho cqf)eku~ çtkoRly% p vklhr~A l% LojkT;s defi tua fu/kZua nz’Vaqu ok×Nfr LeA rL; lHkk;ke~ ,d% yC/knÙk% uke th.kZoL=/kkjh fu/kZu% çfo”kfrA rsu,dokja jkK% çk.kj{kk vfi —rk vklhr~A yC/knÙk% fouez% vklhr~ vr%% fdefi uv;kpr~A jktk rLeS ,da chtiwja Qya ç;PNfrA fdeFkZe~* bfr eU=h vfi u tkukfrLeA vUrs rL; jgL;e~ mn~?kkfVre~ HkofrA

,d jktk cgqr ijksidkjh rFkk çtk dk fgr pkgus okyk FkkA mldh lHkk esa ,dQVsgky fu/kZu ços”k djrk gSA mlus igys dHkh ,d ckj jktk dh çk.kj{kk Hkh dhFkh fdUrq fouezrk ds dkj.k og Lo;a dqN ugha ekaxrkA jktk mls ,d chtksa ls HkjkQy nsrk gSA D;ksa\ bl ckr dks eU=h Hkh ugha le> ikrkA bldk mÙkj vUr esafeyrk gSA

O;kdj.kfcUno%

v= o;e~ v/k% miinfoHkfDriz;ksxa] bu~ ¼rf)r izR;;a½ DRok&Y;i~&Drorq ¼Ñr~½izR;;iz;ksxa p i';ke%A

çrhgkjh ¼izrhgkj $ bu~½ çrhgkfju~ “kCn%] çFkekfoHkfDr%] ,dopue~

eU=h ¼eU= $ bu~½ efU=u~ “kCn%] çFkekfoHkfDr%] ,dopue~ eU=a ijke”k±nnkfr bfrA lEcks/kus efU=u~ HkofrA

egkjkt% egku~ pklkS jktkA egkjkt “kCn%] çFkekfoHkfDr%] ,dopue~AlEcks/kus&egkjkt! bfr HkofrA

nhiL; v/k% v= v/k% bfr ;ksxs ‘k’Bh] fdUrq ^v/kks·/k%* bfr ;ksxs f}rh;k HkofrA

Y;i~ izR;; iz;ksx%

çfo”; ç $ fo”k~ $ Y;i~ ços”ka —Rok

fu"ØE; ful~ $ Øe~ $ Y;i~ fu"Øe.ka ÑRok] cfgxZRok

ifj/kk; ifj $ /kk $ Y;i~ /kkj.ka ÑRok] /kkjf;Rok

Loh—R; Loh $ — $ Y;i~ Lohdkja —Rok

dRok çR;;kUr“kCnk%

n’V~ok n”k~$d~Rok ¼vO;;½ nf’Vikra dRok

xghRok xzg~$DRok ¼vO;;½ xzg.ka —Rok

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162


( ukVde~) äorqçR;;iz;ksx%

^Drorq* ¼ror~½ izR;;% HkwrdkfydÑr~izR;;%A v;a /kkrks% ija ;ksT;rsA DrorqizR;;kUrinau dsoya HkwrdkfydfØ;k;k% vFk± O;Dra djksfrA vL; :ikf.k f="kq fy³õs"kq HkofUrA;Fkk& Nk=% xga xroku~ ¼xe~ $ Drorq½ ¾ Hkwrdkfyd fØ;kine~ & vxPNr~ bfr vFkZ%A

jf{kroku~ j{k~ $ äorq] iq0 çFkek foHkfDr%] ,dopue~] vj{kr~&j{k.ke~vdjksr~A

vkxroku~ vk$xe~ äorq] iq0] çFkek fo-] ,dopue~A

;kfproku~ ;kp~ äorq] iqa0] çFkek fo0] ,dopue~] v;kpr&;kpuke~vdjksr~A

ikBxriz'uk% 9-11- lEcks/kua çFkekUra ina ok fy[;rke~

çFkekUra ine~ lEcks/kue~

;Fkk çrhgkjh gs çrhgkfju~

¼d½ eU=h -------------------------

¼[k½ ------------------- gs jktu~

¼x½ egkjkt% ------------------------

¼?k½ ------------------- gs n”kZukfHkykf’ku~

2- L=hfy³õ:iL; LFkkus iqfYyax:ia fy[kUrq

;Fkk lk jf{krorh l% jf{kroku~ A

¼d½ lk vkxrorh l% ---------------------------------- A

¼[k½ lk ;kfprorh l% -----------------------------------A

¼x½ lk Loh—rorh l% -----------------------------------A

¼?k½ lk xghrorh l% -----------------------------------A

3- vu;k iaDR;k d% pkfjf=d% xq.k% çdfVr% Hkofr\

¼d½ jktk& dFka ee jkT;s fu/kZu%\ nkuohjrk@—i.krk

¼[k½ eU=h &,rsu ,dnk jkK% çk.kj{kk —rkA rh{.kk Lefr%@eUncqf)%

¼x½ yC/knÙk%& Hkorka n”kZukFkZe~ v= vkxroku~A dqfVyrk@fouezrk

¼?k½ jktk≤su KkL;flA vKkue~@pkrq;Ze~

¼5½ eU=h& egkjkt! fde~ ,dsu Qysu rL; ijfgrfpUrk@mnkjrk

nkfjn~z;a nwjhHkfo’;frA

163l aLÑr e~


fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)f}rh;% va'k%

izrhgkjh&t;rq egkjkt% ----------------------------------- Qya x`ghRokx xPNfrA

lEizfr o;e~ f}rh;ka'ke~ iz'uksÙkj'kSY;k cks/kke%&

}kjs d% mifLFkr%\ ,d% lk/kq%A lk/kq% jkKs fde~ viZ;fr\ viwo± Qye~A lk/kq% rr~ viwoZaQya dqr% çkIroku~\ lk/kq% rr~ viwoZa Qya rLekn~ ,o yC/knÙkkr~ ØhRok vkuhroku~Alk/kq% yC/knÙkk; QyL; fda ewY;a nÙkoku~A ,da :I;de~A jktk lk/kos fda ikfjrksf’kdannkfr\ jktk lk/kos vfrfFkxgs HkkstuL; O;oLFkka dkj;frA ,rsu lk/kqa izfr jkK%lEekuHkkouk izdVhHkofrA yC/knÙk% fdeFkZa Qya foØhroku~\ yC/knÙk% cqHkq{k;k ihfMr%vklhr~A fda jktk ra n.M;fr\ ufgA jktk ra u n.M;frA vfirq iqu% rLeS rnsoQya nnkfrA dkykUrjs d% vU;% çfo”kfr\ ,d% O;kikjhA O;kikjh iqu% jkKs fde~viZ;fr\ O;kikjh iqu% jkKs rnso Qye~ viZ;frA O;kikjh dqr% rr~ Qye~ vkuhroku~\yC/knÙkkr~ O;kikjh yC/knÙkk; oL=;qxya nÙok Qya Øhroku~A jkKk vkgwr% yC/knÙk%fda /kkjf;Rok vkuUna çdV;fr\ yC/knÙk% O;kikfj.kk nÙka oL=;qxya /kkjf;Rok vkuUnaçdV;frA fda jktk rLeS dqI;fr\ uSoA jktk rq re~ vYilUrq’Va yksHkjfgra eRokçlUu% HkofrA jktk fda dFkf;Rok iqu% rLeS rnso Qya nnkfr\ **ro losZ euksjFkk% iw.kkZ%Hkfo’;fUrA** bfr yC/knÙk% jktkua izfr fda dFkf;Rok xPNfr\ ^^vuqxghr% vfLe** bfrdFkf;Rok xPNfrA

f}rh;ka'klkj%

yC/knÙk% jkKk iznÙka Qya xghRok xPNfrA ,d% lk/kq% yC/knÙkkr~ ,dsu :I;ds.k QyaØhRok jkKs leiZ;frA jktk iqu% rr~ Qya yC/knÙkk; ç;PNfrA iqu% ,d% O;kikjh rr~Qya yC/knÙkkr~ Øh.kkfr] rLeS ,da oL=;qxya nnkfr iqu% p jkKs nnkfrA jktkf}rh;a okjefi yC/knÙkk; rr~ Qya ç;PNfrA

yC/knÙk jktk ds fn;s Qy dks ysdj pyk tkrk gSA ,d lk/kq mls ,d #i;k nsdjQy [kjhndj iqu% jktk dks ns nsrk gSA jktk fQj ls mls yC/knÙk dks gh ns nsrkgSA dqN le; ckn ,d O;kikjh yC/knÙk dks oL=ksa dk tksM+k nsdj Qy ys ysrk gSvkSj Qy iqu% jktk dks ykdj nsrk gSA jktk nwljh ckj Hkh Qy ysdj yC/knÙk dksnsrk gSA

1- ^Loxre~* ukVds ;nk fdefi ik=e~ LoeuksHkkoe~ ,oa onfr] ;su e×ps le{kafLFkra ik=a u Ük.kksfr bo] ija n'kZdk% Ük.ofUr& ,oEHkwra dFkua Loxre~* mP;rsA;Fkk fg ^^vJkO;a [kyq ;n~oLrq rfng Loxre~ ere~** bfrA

2- ^izdk'ke~* ,rn~foijhra ;r~ loZJkO;a dFkua Hkofr rRÑrs izdk'ke~* bfr iz;qT;rsA

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( ukVde~) O;kdj.kfcUno%

v= o;a inkuka foxzga] lEcks/ku:ia] DRok&Y;i~&DrorqizR;;kUr:ia p cks/kke%

leLrinkfu foxzgk%

jktn”kZue~ jkK% n”kZue~

jktn”kZukdka{kh jktn”kZuL; vkdka{kh

vfrfFkxgs vfrFkhuka xge~] vfrfFkxga rfLeu~ bfr vfrfFkxgsA

th.kZoL=e~ th.k± oL=e~

oL=;qxye~ oL=L; ;qxye~

jktHkDR;k jkK% HkfDr% jktHkfDr% r;k bfr jktHkDR;k

vYilUrq’V% vYisu lUrq’V%

yksHkjfgr% yksHksu jfgr%

ÙkÚok@Y;i~ çR;;cks/k%

xghRok xzg~ $ DRok

n’V~ok n”k~ $ DRok

nÙok nk $ DRok

eRok eu~ $ DRok

Loh—R; Loh $ — $ Y;i~

lR—R; lr~ $ — $ Y;i~

äorqçR;;kUr'kCnk%

Øhroku~ Øh $ Drorq çR;;%] çFkek ,dopue~ ¼iq-½

vkuhroku~ vk $ uh $ Drorq çR;;%] çFkek ,dopue~ ¼iq-½

foØhroku~ fo $ Øh $ Drorq çR;;%] çFkek ,dopue~ ¼iq-½

lEcks/kuinkfu çFkekUrinkfu

egkjkt! egkjkt%

lk/kks! lk/kq%

jktu~ jktk

çrhgkfju~ çrhgkjh

O;kikfju~ O;kikjh

efU=u~ eU=h

Hkxou~ Hkxoku~

165l aLÑr e~


fVIi . kh


ikBxrç'uk% 9-21- ¼d½ dkS }kS tukS iqu% rr~ fnO;a Qya ØhRok vkuhroUrkS\

¼[k½ lk/kq% yC/knÙkk; fda nÙok Qya çkIroku~\

¼x½ O;kikjh yC/knÙkk; fde~ v;PNr~\

¼?k½ jktk rRQya çkI; iqu% dLeS nÙkoku~\

2- v/kksfyf[krfoxzgku~ ifBRok leLrinkfu jp;rA

¼d½ vYisu lUrq’V%

¼[k½ yksHkkr~ fojfgr%

¼x½ vfrFk;s xge~

¼?k½ th.k± oL=e~

¼³½ jkK% HkDR;k

3- v/kksfyf[krokD;s’kq ikBkuqlkja fØ;kinkfu ;kst;r

¼d½ Hkoku~ ee vfrfFkxgs Hkkstukfnda Loh—R;----------------------------------------------------

¼[k½ iqu% ra th.kZoL=/kkfj.ke~ yC/knÙke~ ---------------------------------------------------------------

¼x½ efU=u~A ,ua ;Fkksfpra lR—R; -------------------------------------------------------------------------

¼?k½ jktk& Hkoku~ iqu% rnso Qya -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

¼³½ jktk& yC/knÙka p iqu% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- v/kksfyf[krokD;s’kq fo'ks’k.kina js[kkafdra dq#r

¼d½ ,d% lk/kq% }kjs fr’BfrA

¼[k½ iqu% ra th.kZoL=/kkfj.ka yC/knÙke~ vkg~o;rqA

¼x½ vga rr~ Qya :I;ds.k Øhroku~A

¼?k½ Hkorka —i;k v| uwrua oL=;qxya /kkj;kfeA

¼³½ egku~ vkuUn% orZrsA

r`rh;% va'k%

rr% izfo'kfr ,dk urZdh ------------------------------------------------- iVk{ksi%A

bnkuhe~ o;a rrh;e~ va'ka cks/kke%&Qya foØsrqa yC/knÙk% fdeFk± ck/;% vklhr~\ {kq/kkiwR;SZ vFkok mnjaHkj.kk;A iqu% rr~Qya jkKs dk vkuhrorh\ urZdhA jktk urZD;S fda nnkfr\ u fdefi] vfirq l% rka

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fVIi . kh

166


( ukVde~) xUrqa dFk;frA jktk iqu% dL; vkg~okuk; vkns”ka nnkfr\ yC/knÙkL;A jkKk dfrtuk% yC/knÙkL; ijh{kk;S çsf’krk% vklu~\ ds p rs\ =;%] lk/kq%] O;kikjh] urZdh pArs tuk% dFka yC/knÙka ijhf{kroUr%\ rs rLekr~ Qya ØhRok iqu% jkKs lefiZroUr%AyC/knÙks ds ds xq.kk% vklu~\ yC/knÙk% fouez%] yksHkjfgr%] vYilUrq’V% vfHkekujfgr%p vklhr~A jkKk rr~ Qya yC/knÙkk; dfr okja nÙke~\ f=okje~A fda yC/knÙk% lR;aonfr Le vFkok vlR;e~\ l% jkK% iqjr% vkxE; loZnk lR;eso mDroku~A vUrsjktk fda djksfr\ jktk vUrs rkfu jRukfu yC/knÙkk; ,o nÙkoku~A lRdeZ.kka Qyadhn”ka Hkofr “kqHke~ v”kqHka ok\ lRdeZ.kka Qya “kqHka HkofrA Qys fde~ vklhr~\ QysjRukfu vklu~A

r`rh;ka'klkj%

iwoZor~ ,o iqu% ,dk urZdh yC/knÙkkr~ Qya Loh—R; jkKs nnkfrA jktk yC/knÙke~vkºo;fr] Qya p [k.Mf;rqe~ vkfn”kfrA [kf.Mrkr~ Qykr~ jRukfu v/k% irfUrAyC/knÙk% fofLer% rkfu i”;frA jktk yC/knÙkL; lR;Hkk’k.ksu] fouezr;k] lUrks’koÙ;kp çlhnfr rLeS p lokZf.k jRukfu ç;PNfrA oLrqr% lk/kq%] O;kikjh] urZdh losZ ,ojkKk yC/knÙkL; ijh{kk;S çsf’krk% vklu~A yC/knÙk% ijh{kk;ka lQy% HkofrA iq.;deZ.kkaQye~ vo”;a çkI;rs ijUrq dkysu ,oA vr% uj% /kS;Zs.k iq.;dekZf.k dqoZu~ thosr~A

iwoZ dh Hkkafr ,d urZdh yC/knÙk ls Qy ysdj iqu% jktk dks nsrh gSA jktk mlhçdkj yC/knÙk dks cqykrk gS vkSj Qy rksM+us ds fy, dgrk gSA VwVs gq, Qy ls jRuiFoh ij fxj iM+rs gSaA jktk yC/knÙk dh ljyrk] lUrks’kofÙk] lR;Hkkf’krk ls çlUugksdj lkjs jRu mls ns nsrk gSA okLro esa lk/kq] O;kikjh rFkk urZdh jktk ds }kjkgh yC/knÙk dh ijh{kk ds fy;s Hksts tkrs gSa ftlesa yC/knÙk [kjk mrjrk gSA iq.;dEkksZadk Qy vo”; feyrk gS ysfdu le; vkus ij ghA vr% euq’; /kS;ZiwoZd iq.;deZdjrs gq, gh thou ;kiu djsA

O;kdj.kfcUno%

v= o;a iqu% vFkZ'kCn;qDr&inkuka foxzga] Hkor~ 'kCn:ikf.k] Drorq izR;;iz;ksxa]vO;;inkfu] miinfoHkfDr iz;ksxa p cks/kke%

¼d½ migkjkFkZe~ migkjk; bne~

vYiewY;kFkZe~ vYiewY;k; bne~

ijh{kkFkZe~ ijh{kk;S bne~

¼[k½ Hkors Hkor~ prqFkhZ ,dopue~ ¼vkids fy;s½

Hkor% Hkor~ ‘k’Bh ,dopue~ ¼vkidk½

Hkoku~ Hkor~ iq- çFkek ,dopue~ ¼vki½

167l aLÑr e~


fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)Hkofö% Hkor~ iq- rrh;k cgqopue~ ¼vki ds }kjk½

Hkorke~ Hkor~ iq- ‘k’Bh cgqopue~ ¼vki lcdk½

¼x½ ifjKk; ifj Kk Y;i~ vfHkKkua —Rok ¼igpku djds½

foØsrqe~ fo Øh rqequ~ foØ;a drqZe~ ¼cspus ds fy;s½

äorq ç;;kUr'kCnk%

vkuhrorh vk uh $ äorq] L=h-] çFkek ,dopue~] iaqfYyaxs vkuhroku~A

frjL—roku~ frjLk~— $ äorq] iq-] çFkek ,dopue~] L=hfyaxs] frjLdrorhA

foØhroku~ fo Øh $ äorq] iq] çFkek ,dopue~] L=hfyaxs foØhrorhA

vO;;inkfu

iqu% ¼fQj½] ,o ¼ogh½] v= ¼;gka½] rkor~ ¼rks] rc rd½ v| ¼ vkt½] br% ije~ ¼bldsckn½] rFkk ¼ oSlk½ vye~ ¼cl djks] er djks½] p ¼vkSj½] vr% ¼ blfy;s½ iqjr% ¼lkeus]vkxs½ v/k% ¼uhps½] loZ= ¼lc txg½] vr,o ¼blhfy;s½] ,oe~ ¼bl çdkj½] dnkfi¼dHkh Hkh½] f=okje~ ¼ rhu ckj½] fpje~ ¼cgqr fnu rd½] uwue~ ¼fu”p; iwoZd½] u¼ugha½]

miinfoHkfDrç;ksx%

¼i½ fouk ;ksxs f}rh;k rrh;k iapeh vfi HkofrA ¼ii½ vye~ ;ksxs rrh;k&vye~ Hk;suA

¼iii½ nk* ;ksxs prqFkhZ&Hkors çnÙke~A i;kZIR;FksZ vye~ ;ksxs rq prqFkhZ HkofrA ;Fkk eYy%eYyk; vye~A

/kkrq:ikf.k

'kd~ yV~ ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% 'kDuksfr 'kDuqr% 'kDuqofUr

e/;eiq#"k% 'kDuksf"k 'kDuqFk% 'kDuqFk

mÙkeiq#"k% 'kDuksfe 'kDuqo% 'kDuqe%

yksV~ ydkj%

izFkeiq#"k% 'kDuksrq 'kDuqrke~ 'kDuqoUrq

e/;eiq#"k% 'kDuqfg 'kDuqre~ 'kDuqr

mÙkeiq#"k% 'kDuqokfu 'kDuqoko 'kDuqoke

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fVIi . kh

168


( ukVde~) y`V~ ydkj%


izFkeiq#"k% 'k{;fr 'k{;r% 'k{;fUr

e/;eiq#"k% 'k{;fl 'k{;Fk% 'k{;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k% 'k{;kfe 'k{;ko% 'k{;ke%

y³~ ydkj%

izFkeiq#"k% v'kDuksr~ v'kDuqrke~ v'kDuqou~

e/;eiq#"k% v'kDuks% v'kDuqre~ v'kDuqr

mÙkeiq#"k% v'kDuqoe~ v'kDuqo v'kDuqo

fof/kfy³~

izFkeiq#"k% 'kDuq;kr~ 'kDuq;krke~ 'kDuq;q%

e/;eiq#"k% 'kDuq;k% 'kDuq;kre~ 'kDuq;kr

mÙkeiq#"k% 'kDuq;ke~ 'kDuq;ko 'kDuqoke

fo'ks"k%& ,oeso ^vki~* /kkrks% :ikf.k Hkfo";fUrA ;Fkk& vkIuksfr ¼yfV½ vkIuksrq¼yksfV½] vkIL;fr ¼yfV½] vkIuksr~ ¼y³~½] vkIuq;kr~ ¼fof/kfyf³½

Øh ¼[kjhnuk½

yV~ ydkj%


izFkeiq#"k% Øh.kkfr Øh.khr% Øh.kfUr

e/;eiq#"k% Øh.kkfl Øh.khFk% Øh.khFk

mÙkeiq#"k% Øh.kkfe Øh.kho% Øh.khe%

yksV~ ydkj%

izFkeiq#"k% Øh.kkrq Øh.khrke~ Øh.kUrq

y³~ ydkj%

izFkeiq#"k% vØh.kkr~ vØh.khrke~ vØh.ku~

y`V~ ydkj%

izFkeiq#"k% Øs";fr Øs";r% Øs";fUr

fof/kfy³~

izFkeiq#"k% Øh.kh;kr~ Øh.kh;krke~ Øh.kh;q%

169l aLÑr e~


fVIi . kh


ikBxrç'uk% 9-31- v/kksfyf[kriafä’kq lEcks/kuina ;kst;Urq

¼d½ --------------------------------! iqujfi l yC/knÙk% vkuh;rke~A

¼[k½ --------------------------------! vge~ ,da fnO;a Qya Hkors migkjkFkZe~ vkuhrorhA

¼x½ --------------------------------! i”;] f=okje~ ,rr~ Qya Hkors nÙke~A

¼?k½ --------------------------------! çfrfnue~ mnjiwfrZ% eke~ ,rr~ Qya foØsrqa ck/;a djksfrA

¼³½ --------------------------------! ee HkkX;s y{eh% uklhr~A

2- dks’Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;Urq

¼d½ ,rkfu lokZf.k jRukfu -------------------------- nkL;kfeA ¼Hkors@Hkor%½

¼[k½ uwua ------------------ jkT;s dks·fi fu/kZu% Hkforqa u “kDuksfrA ¼Hkork@Hkorke~½

¼x½ ------------------------- fouez% ljy% yksHkjfgr% pA ¼Hkor%@Hkoku~½

¼?k½ --------------------- lR;opusu vga lUrq’V%A ¼Hkor%@Hkofö%½

¼³½ -------------------------- ee izk.kj{kk drkA ¼Hkofö%@Hkon~H;%½

3- lfU/kjfgrkfu inkfu lfU/k;qäkfu dq#r

¼d½ vuqxghr% $ vfLe --------------------------------------------

¼[k½ d% $ vfi --------------------------------------------

¼x½ u $ vfLr ---------------------------------------------

¼?k½ vYisu $ ,o -------------------------------------------

¼³½ migkj $ vFkZe~ -------------------------------------------

4- fufnZ"V'kCns"kq mfpre~ miin&foHkfDr% iz;qT;rke~

¼d½ ¼fe=½ ------------------------ fouk lq[ka ukfLrA

¼[k½ /kuh ¼fu/kZu½ --------------------- /kua nnkfrA

¼x½ vya --------------------- ¼dksykgy½A

¼?k½ flag% ¼xt½ --------------------- vye~A

9-4 fde~ vf/kxre~ yC/knÙk% lR;oDrk] vYilarks"kh] fuyksZHk%] fouez% p vklhr~A

loZnk lR;e~ ,o t;rsA

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fVIi . kh

170


( ukVde~) /kS;sZ.k dk;± dj.kh;e~A

lRdeZ.kka Qya lnSo “kqHka HkofrA

^vFkZe~* ^ds fy;s* bfr vFksZ foxzgs iwoZins prqFkhZ HkofrA

vye~ ;ksxs fu’ks/kkFksZ rrh;kfoHkfä% iz;qT;rs] i;kZIR;FksZ p prqFkhZA

HkwrdkyL; vFksZ ^äorq* çR;;L; ç;ksx% vfi HkofrA

milxZiwoZda /kkrks% ija DRok LFkkus Y;i~ izR;;% HkofrA

izrhgkjh eU=h] O;kikjh 'kCnk% bu~ izR;;kUrk% lfUrA

Hkw] 'kd~] vki~] Øh /kkrwuka :ikf.kA

9-5 ;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

¼d½ ys[kd&xzUFk&ifjp;%

izLrqrukVdL; dFkk laLÑrok³~e;L; ^^dFkklfjr~lkxj%** bfr izfl)dFkkxzUFkkr~m)rk vfLrA rkeso dFkkek/kR; fyf[kra ^^dkys o"kZfr itZU;%** bfr ukeda ukVda^^lEHkk"k.k lUns'k%** bfr laLÑrif=dk;k% 1999 o"kZL; uoEcj eklL; vads izdkf'kre~orZrsA ukVdL; ys[kd% Jh uh- uk- e/;LFk% vfLrA ^^dkys o"kZfr itZU;%** bfrizdkf'krL; ewy'kh"kZdL; ifjorZua ÑRok v= ^dkys Qyfr lkSHkkX;e~** bfr ukVdL;uke iznÙke~ vfLrA vYisu lUrq"V%] yksHkjfgr%] lR;oknh] fu/kZu% yC/knÙk% Lo~lRdeZ.kka jRu:ikf.k Qykfu le;s vkxrs vyHkrA

izeq[kukV~;rÙokfu

ukVde ~ ukVda [;kroÙka L;kr~ iaplaf/klefUore~A

foyklk?;kZfnxq.kon~;qDra ukukfoHkwfrfHk%AA

lq[knq%[kleqn~Hkwfra ukukjlfujUrje~AA

iapkfndk n'kijkLr=kadk% ifjdhfÙkZrk%A

uk;d% R;kxh Ñrh dqyhu% lqJhdks :i;kSouksRlkghA

n{kks·uqjDryksd% rstksoSnX/;'khyeUusrkAA

ukVde~ :idL; ,d% Hksn%A rL; vk[;kua izfl)e~ ,sfrgkflda ikSjkf.kad ok HkofrAr= ,d% iz[;kruk;d% HkofrA ukVds ohjÜkaxkjd#.ks"kq ,d% iz/kku% jl% HkofrA

ukUnh ukVdL; izkjEHks fo?ufouk'kk; fØ;ek.kk Lrqfr% ukUnhfr dF;rsA

lw=/kkj% ukVds eaplapkyuL; loZe~ mÙkjnkf;Roa ;% fuoZgfr l% lw=/kkj% dF;rsA

171l aLÑr e~


fVIi . kh

i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)izrhgkjh jktkue~ mixE; cfg% vkxUrqdL; oÙka ;% dFk;fr l }kjiky%

,o izrhgkjh dF;rsA

dapqdh o;lk o)% xq.kh foiz%] ;% vUr%iqjpjks·fi Hkofr loZdk;sZ"kq dq'ky'pHkofr] l jktHkoufuoklh dapqdh bR;fHk/kh;rsA

fonw"kd ^dqlqe*] olUr* bR;kfnUkkEuk vfHk/kh;eku% os'kHkkokfnfHk% gkL;dj%]dyg&izse izoh.k%] eaps orZeku% fonw"kd% bfr dF;rsA

vkdk'kHkkf"kre~ vkdk'ks y{;a ÑRok ;n~ mP;rs rr~ vkdk'kHkkf"kre~ bfrA

HkjrokD;e~ ukVdlekIrkS lkekftdsH;% ;nk'kh%nh;rs 'kqHkdkeuk ok fØ;rsrr~ HkjrokD;fefr dF;rsA

usiF;e~ jaxeapL; i`"Br% os'k&ifj/kku&ifjorZuk; ukVdh;ik=k.kkafu/kkZfjra LFkkua xga ok usiF;e~ bR;qP;rsA

¼[k½ Hkk"kkfoLrkj%

bu~ izR;;kUr'kCnk%

izrhgkfju~] th.kZoL=/kkfju~] n'kZukfHkykf"ku~] jktn'kZukdkaf{ku~] O;kikfju~ ,rs"kka :ikf.kv/kksfyf[kror~ HkofUrA Hkork f}rh;s ikBs bu~ izR;;kUr'kCnk% dfju~] pfØu~ vkn;%ifBrk%A vfLeu~ ikBs vfi vusds bu izR;;kUr'kCnk% lfUrA ;Fkk&


izFkek izrhgkjh izrhgkfj.kkS izrhgkfj.k%

f}rh;k th.kZoL=/kkfj.ke~ th.kZoL=/kkfj.kkS th.kZoL=/kkfj.k%

r`rh;k n'kZukfHkykf"k.kk n'kZukfHkykf"kH;ke~ n'kZukfHkykf"kfHk%

prqFkhZ n'kZukdkaf{k.ks n'kZukdkaf{kH;ke~ n'kZukdkaf{kH;%

iapeh O;kikfj.k% O;kikfjH;ke~ O;kikfjH;%

"k"Bh izrhgkfj.k% izrhgkfj.kks% izrhgkfj.kke~

lIreh th.kZoL=/kkfjf.k th.kZoL=/kkfj.kks% th.kZoL=/kkfj"kq

lEcks/ku gs n'kZukfHkykf"ku~ gs n'kZukfHkykf"k.kkS gs n'kZukfHkykf"k.k%

,oeso rifLou~] eufLou~] /kfuu~] xqf.ku~] lqf[ku~] ikfiu~] jksfxu~] rstfLou~] Lokfeu~bR;kfn'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

äorqizR;;kUrinkfu

/kkrq% uiaqldfyaxs iqfYyaxs L=hfyaxs izFkek ,dopusizFkek ,dopus

xe~ xror~ xroku~ xrorhiB~ ifBr ifBroku~ ifBrorh

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( ukVde~) ir~ ifrror~ ifrroku~ ifrrorhØhM~ ØhfMror~ ØhfMroku~ ØhfMrorhik&¼fic~½ ihror~ ihroku~ ihrorhuh&¼u;~½ uhror~ uhroku~ uhrorhn'k~ ¼i';~½ n"Vor~ n"Voku~ n"VorhR;t~ R;äor~ R;äoku~ R;äorhKk Kkror~ Kkroku~ Kkrorhgu~ gror~ groku~ grorhnk nÙkor~ nÙkoku~ nÙkorhLFkk fLFkror~ fLFkroku~ fLFkrorhJq Jqror~ Jqroku~ JqrorhyHk~ yC/kor~ yC/koku~ yC/korhd` dror~ droku~ drorhLe` Leror~ Leroku~ Lerorhpqj~ pksfjror~ pksfjroku~ pksfjrorhizPN~ i"Vor~ i"Voku~ i"Vorhfey~ fefyror~ fefyroku~ fefyrorh

vl~ Hkw Hkwror~ Hkwroku~ Hkwrorh

,dopus Hkwrdkys iz;ksx%

iqa0 ckyd%@l%@ ,"k%@d%@Hkoku~@vge~@Roe~ xroku~L=h0 ckfydk@jek@,"kk@dk@Hkorh@vge~@Roe~ xrorhuiq0 okgue~@rr~@,rr~@fde~ xror~

9-6 ikBkUrç'uk%1- ¼d½ ,dnk ous egkjktL; izk.kku~ d% jf{kroku~\

¼[k½ jktk chtiwjQynkule;s yC/knÙka dhn`'ka oL=a ifj/kk; jktlHkke~ vkxUrqe~ vdFk;r~\

¼x½ lk/kq% fda nÙok yC/knÙkkr~ fnO;a Qya Øhroku~\

¼?k½ oL=;qxya nÙok yC/knÙkkr~ fnO;a Qya d% Øhroku~\

¼³½ jktk yC/knÙkk; dfrokja chtiwjQya nÙkoku~\

¼p½ yC/knÙk% fdeFk± iqu% iqu% chtiwjQya foØhroku~\

¼N½ yC/knÙk% Qys [kf.Mrs lfr fde~ vi';r~\

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i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)2- ¼d½ jkK% }kS xq.kkS fy[krA

¼[k½ yC/knÙkL; =;% xq.kk% ds\

¼x½ efU=.k% ,da xq.ka fy[krA

3- yC/knÙkL; pfj=a iapokD;s"kq o.kZ;rA

4- jkK% oSf'k"V~;a prqokZD;s"kq fy[krA

5- ^dkys Qyfr lkSHkkX;e~* vL; lkjka'ka i×p@"kV~ okD;s"kq fy[krA

6- v/kksfyf[krokD;s’kq mfpr&vO;;inkfu ;kst;r

¼,o] lg] dqr%] ,dnk] v=½

¼d½ ,’k ,o ------------------ egkjktL; çk.kku~ jf{kroku~A

¼[k½ br% ija cgqewY;a oL=a /kkjf;Rok------------- jktHkous vkxUrO;e~A

¼x½ çrhgkjh yC/knÙksu ------------------- çfo”kfrA

¼?k½ Hkks O;kikfju~! ---------------------------- çkIre~ ,rr~ Qye~\

¼³½ rLeS oL=;qxya nÙok Qye~ ----------------- vkuhroku~A

7- v/kksfyf[krokD;s’kq y³~ydkjL; LFkkus ^äorq* çR;;L; ç;ksxa —Rok fy[kr

¼d½ vge~ ,rr~ Qye~ v= vku;e~A

¼[k½ rnk vfi yC/knÙk% jktkue~ fdefi u v;kprA

¼x½ yC/knÙk% jkK% lHkk;ke~ vkxPNr~A

¼?k½ urZdh fnO;a Qya jkKs vku;r~A

¼³½ Hkoku~ vYisuSo ewY;su ,rr~ Qya O;Øh.kkr~A

8- js[kkfÄïrinkuka foxzg% dk;Z%A

¼d½ yC/knÙk% vYilarq"V% yksHkjfgr% vklhr~A

¼[k½ l% jktn'kZue~ bPNfrA

¼x½ Roa ihroL=a dFka /kkj;flA

¼?k½ ,rr~ migkjkFkZe~ ,oA

9- DRok@Y;i~ izR;;;ksxsu okD;iwfrZ% fØ;Urke~

¼d½ lk/kq% rLeS ,d:I;da ¼nk $ DRok½ -------------- Qya Øhroku~A

¼[k½ eU=h yC/knÙka ¼ifj $ Kk $ Y;i~½ ----------------- vonr~A

¼x½ yC/knÙk% jRukfu ¼n'k~ $ DRok½-------------------- pfdr% tkr%A

¼?k½ efU=u~! jk"VªHkDra ;Fkksfpra ¼lr~ $ Ñ $ Y;i~½ izs"k;rqA

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( ukVde~) 10- mfpr /kkrq:is.k okD;iwfrZ% fØ;Urke~

¼d½ o;e~ f'kf{krk% ------------------------------------- ¼Hkokfe@Hkoke%½

¼[k½ Roe~ fp=e~ nz"Vqa -------------------------------- ¼'k{;fr@'k{;fl½

¼x½ Nk=% iqLrda -------------------------------- ¼Øh.kkrq@Øh.khfg½

¼?k½ lk;e~ ee tUeksRlo% --------------------------- ¼Hkw $ y³~½

¼³½ l% iqjLdkje~ --------------------------------------- ¼vki~ $ yV~½

9-7 mÙkjkf.k9-2 cks/kiz'uk%

1- ¼d½ çrhgkjh & jktkue~ ¼[k½ eU=h & jktkue~

¼x½ O;kikjh & jktkue~ ¼?k½ lk/kq% & jktkue~

¼³½ urZdh & jktkue~

2- ¼i½ t;rq ¼ii½ mnjiwfrZ% ¼iii½ foØsrqe~ ¼iv½ ije~¼v½ nks’k% ¼vi½ Hk;su ¼vii½ Hkor% ¼viii½ fouez%¼ix½ vfHkekujfgr% ¼x½ ,rr~

3- ¼d½ bPNfr ¼[k½ djksfe ¼x½ Lohdjksrq ¼?k½ viZ;kfe¼³½ [k.M;rq

ikBxriz'uk%

9-1 1- ¼d½ gs efU=u~ ¼[k½ jktk ¼x½ gs egkjkt ¼?k½ n'kZukfHkyk"kh

2- ¼d½ vkxroku~ ¼[k½ ;kfproku~ ¼x½ Loh—roku~ ¼?k½ xghroku~

3- ¼d½ nkuohjrk ¼[k½ rh{.kk Lefr% ¼x½ fouezrk ¼?k½ pkrq;Ze~¼³½ ijfgrfpUrk

9-2 1- ¼d½ lk/kq% urZdh p rr~ fnO;a Qya ØhRok vkuhroUrkSA

¼[k½ lk/kq% yC/knÙkk; ,da :I;da nÙok Qya çkIroku~A

¼x½ O;kikjh yC/knÙkk; QykFkZe~ oL=;qxye~ v;PNr~A

¼?k½ jktk rRQya çkI; iqu% yC/knÙkk; nroku~A

2- ¼d½ vYilUrq’V% ¼[k½ yksHkfojfgr% ¼x½ vfrfFkxge~ ¼?k½ th.kZoL=e~¼³½ jktHkDR;k

3- ¼d½ xPNrq ¼[k½ vkg~o;rq ¼x½ çs’k;rq

¼?k½ Lohdq# ¼³½ vkg~o;rq

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i zFkea Lokè; k; l ksi kue~i Bue~&l a: i e~( ukVde~)4- ¼d½ ,d% ¼[k½ th.kZoL=/kkfj.ka ¼x½ rr~

¼?k½ uwrua ¼³½ egku~

9-3 1- ¼d½ çrhgkfju~ ¼[k½ egkjkt ¼x½ yC/knÙk

¼?k½ egkjkt ¼³½ egkjkt

2- ¼d½ Hkors ¼[k½ Hkorka ¼x½ Hkoku~

¼?k½ Hkor% ¼³½ Hkofö%

3- ¼d½ vuqxghrks·fLe ¼[k½ dks·fi ¼x½ ukfLr

¼?k½ vYisuSo ¼³½ migkjkFkZe~

4- ¼d½ fe=e~@fe=s.k@fe=kr~ ¼[k½ fu/kZuk;

¼x½ dksygysu ¼?k½ xtk;

9-6 ikBkUriz'uk%

1- ¼d½ yC/knÙk% ¼[k½ cgqewY;a ¼x½ ,da :I;de~ ¼?k½ O;kikjh

¼³½ f=okja ¼p½ cqHkq{kk'keukFkZe~ ¼N½ ifrrkfu fnO;jRukfu

2- ¼d½ jktk cqf)eku~ çtkoRly% p vklhr~A

¼[k½ yC/knÙk% yksHkjfgr%] vYilUrq’V%] fouez% p vlhr~A

¼x½ eU=h mnkj% vklhr~A

3- LosPN;k i×pokD;kfu jp;rA4- LosPN;k prqokZD;kfu jp;rA

5- LosPN;k iap@"kV~ OkkD;s"kq lkjka'ka fy[krA

6- ¼d½ ,dnk ¼[k½ ,o ¼x½ lg ¼?k½ dqr% ¼³½ v=

7- ¼d½ vkuhroku~ ¼[k½ ;kfproku~ ¼x½ vkxroku~ ¼?k½ vkuhrorh ¼³½ foØhroku~

8- ¼d½ vYisu larq"V%] yksHkkr~ jfgr% ¼[k½ jkK% n'kZue~ ¼x½ th.kZe~ oL=e~

¼?k½ migkjk; bne~

9- ¼d½ nÙok ¼[k½ ifjKk; ¼x½ n"V~ok ¼?k½ lRÑR;

10- ¼d½ Hkoke% ¼[k½ 'k{;fl ¼x½ Øh.kkrq ¼?k½ vHkor~¼³½ vkIuksfr

fVIi - National Institute of Open Schooling...9-3 v/kquk voxPNke% izFke% va'k% jktlHkk;k% n`';e~...

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Transcript of fVIi - National Institute of Open Schooling...9-3 v/kquk voxPNke% izFke% va'k% jktlHkk;k% n`';e~...