fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^...

17
aSBEl CJ1 ^ CO ts3 I—' ^ ^ ia 9 S 5 M fi e>; ^ fv o qU r\ ^ ifi rY S » -B- i2 -B- fv £ i C' S" ® » ffl a> ^ •# /V -0- nn

Transcript of fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^...

Page 1: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

aSBEl

CJ1 ^ CO ts3 I—'

^

ia 9S5 M fie>; ^ fvo qU

r\ ^

ifi rYS

» -B- i2 -B-fv £ i C'

S" ® » ffla> ^ @§•# /V

-0- nn

Page 2: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

r^f3t°D'J^ h£7)5S

feX-^ct^-po

i:SfflSPiSM® 2

;b^bJS:^o

^i:ic®(crom^^orci:UTt). i:z<Dn>^m^mwti\

(1) @W (the purpose/character of the paper)

(2) 43,(the centra! thesis)

(3) rPo^Si:f!SaiJ (research design)

(4) (implications)

i^-f, |Sl}JLXlK3tJ^. ■^®^^lct>t':>>iSUXl^?c7c^7cl^®l4;.

ntxi^S:®

^iftLTi^<if,

05;®fi^75■^■©fe® {TcHXit, li5£;®i^®®^^^5felc®l''Xl/M:tlSJ;l^®S^t:i^-:37ci_H) lSlii^U^l-\i:V,\0>SX^So ^©J;^J5:y-AO

I3^4*lClEU;c®X-0f^$

n7

ci^o

:2m

lilS

:o#

IS«

o<

5

1 a

g6

ii^a

Jti^

^fl5

l-td;o

^'®

40

. • S

SJ T

iglft

^liE

j r»

]|iji9:j m

mm

.(om

^}

x^S

o

lOo

/s-tf 1

^-ru

^Ji^

rL^-ttn

tf^i:

(tmlS

c-e® fc

®(c

{i. cog&

^J^tB1-ik^^g(i^):^'■

')o M

^&

5i-^

gg

65 • Si](!)^65g&

5i|!gJg-::i"t^.Sili

J;-^

{Jf®

M#

(CfcO

Xtio

±i^

^iftz

4'D

0M

^<

^h

(O,

O^ i9ie£^®

1^t5 • Mti,

•en

txic

^?

^

i®X

i-So

C

CX

^<^^^:^,li^a

J£l-^:^B

^^}#-^^>

ox,

l-^®

ti^ll:^

(±^j<

!:J;

i3, m

Wa,

.m

^

tzt

Xl-£,

D

i (i <- L y;: 19 -t

t'(D

iU\

^

Sc ®

a

i0[^!^{c

fc(,^T

(iE.

(ErnstH

aas) ®

^:5

1^iil-^

-r 5-i-|H65lra5^ii

(Haasl953)o

^

m^m

i i.^ r.

j; 9 ic, fe o

c:o

t«,

ot

^ tz^

:5:li((cfc{5

1978 ^{C y -

-: L fc H

. ih -f X y

(Herbert Sim

on) (D

M^

(bounded rationality) fc®

Xib

So

Page 3: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

m

t'^B L .i i< t

SIm

-^■5 L.4^^£V^)o

o^i,

^ ^ 7"©

^

Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'V

it, -?:tl^

T ^ ^i:

o^

L ft cb I-^-P (C m

i tl-^ ^ t-t £ S o

cti^ 2 o

©f^W

tcti$

nft=6^ftt-

S©;6s®^1^!iEtISU^IiJiS® 2

(ab5V^ti^*^d:i'©iiEm

) ftM-i

ccTH^■9^gIS

I^IiE'eab'S

o

L(±C4^>■5i,

■s)o■(SIS1^SE©W

^^^J^ 1 "^o 1980^-fti^JSii^l^.

r^£-lf I960 ^ft©

Liilf $ C <h

^ ft ©tIi^Jil,^-5Fp^VM

C^-r-5lra^A^i^C ofto ^B#®®

i®gim

^ (il0^)

^■fW • I^Sfetft©

A^"^©W

R£^®

)^®.

C. yy y CChalmers

Johnsonl982) il

fto;6^:$:^ (c

# 5 © ^ i'9

^ ^ ^ B :$: © X - 'T? t) o T L T

$tlft©

T"fe

So

^^L

ft^^^jg

O'.

;f)^-:.ft^^®0

f9^^'^,

ifcttd^i-^fto

3 y

v(its 30 ^

ft ftm

^£Ttiigf©iS

I5Stifefe-»^ft t>©

LA>L. c:n^T©

iKiS

1^iiE®

i^m,

a^®

i^S

i^0

■& t)nt) n

©«

(i ft I-^^

® s--s o

;£.i|^^®^^-^x —

^ V^fifE&tlj't'S i

9fF^'Ci»'So ft?

y7^-f=

''7.^^©

ii|!t^ft'&©

iiS&

9:^^'t^^9

-f-^'^^T.

•I" 7 (C

harles Darw

in) L

ft i l"';t S tri>

-S 9©

i'©

<k 9 l^i'^tl

{mm

f-^'^

<o

mm

m^^^W

tm'th

ct¥

X'^

ho

i)\ i.^t>

(f^^)ii?<

®i^T

"

t±-t ©

J: 9 ^C ®tiS

ft i'<9 #

V ^ ft © T

-^ft o

@[J

®^J

^^{fn(f,

E. CEm

ile Durkheim

) ©

g^©

ff5^3

!)^fg

j^T

'^S

o

191SJE

?^^. 3

-a .y

y^°^

gT

"©g

^^®

±#

^@

©^ft^

^;:L

T,

ft:-y:'@

^t±^c

:.S®

A^<

!:^ii:y:^^®

5:lt^>

iiP=

l9ft®

T'fe

-5o

g^(i®

At^

'<^k®

^^ft"i,®

^n

Tl<

^fto

L

^^L.

©)^

0{±

l|{itl:^-t©

t) ©,

-9^ 1

9|@

^i-®fi^^S

ti^hS

(±f"ft"ft©

Tfe

So

C

©^i®

®$

E^^-€

-;6^y

;^^^x^^k

-ir-A©

^-tJg

T'£

b-:>

fto ^9

LT

^;i^

±lL

ft^^l^

®«

^±^^H

L,

-J3SA

J; 19 fe¥A®

gi^^pf)>'iiS

>-^-

i. h 0-y ^

^^3

:(9

y h|{[t^

®{i9

^^S

i.^;: t,

^

t. ft (i;f;?£U^J; 19 t)J

?W

® (i 9

d i

£ L ft®

T^ 6©

x^;k

':r-A©

iS|J

&|IJ

^{i@^^ftijO

T!ilfH

-^13

F5

^©it^®

i9rj^l.^ft®

r'fe

-:>fto 1i^^4

^ftfcH^T

Ii^Mi^^«

l^:s:ti^gi^^^^l^E

l^:^:ft<y©

<j®

-eib

S;()i,

jC,^ftii'J

6T

fe^ftl.^o

2 4" 'C.^ ^

o -5 ©

(ii^ijll^^MT

ib ^So

C4

T.li^l§

7?

the central thesis ft"?

(±'n

Si®

T%

B

^^fts

RL

ft<t^

o

fti9

&;i#

' r^iHJ

tLft;!)^,

t^m

^T

t^9

iil6®

^t&

fc®

^m

i5^-rs

®-e

{±ft'<

,

^)o

c!:^

ft< t^

^{f r'B

'.^fti-^ilchJ i

^>®

T

(BO

X 2-1 fc#

»c:i)o

ft. K

;&m

t^ftt^©?

J t^

#ti,®

9o

ti9

^j:n{^l^3

i:©W

#^^?

l^tSfo

®-c,

cn^^^i:(j-n(fiSp:$:@

fj(i:>{»^fiJci9j5:ft'j:i.^—

3;9

^j:fc©

"e&

So

^s^^^^t^

9'<

i^J®

7)^

, i^:$:ft-©

T-^S

o m ^m

A^ (^

) ^

Page 4: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

55 S531

. ow 1^.i 0-. -

r-

-rl". It'-; v^ 9;in 3--

: 5'i>h

'■ ^. En,-

Si;5{t m: 4 ^;: dt ■ r< -'

w■■ ■ ■:'■ «4-

-O. PP-■ ; Mh

• dt- ■ -^V<s:. r<:s, o« n ;

Jg 0^ d

-c- c. .

• c: -tv. <?.

^s- ; 8^-d* fi

-It-Q.Q 5.

■M © W-"iv liS. *•

-1: n>'. cSl,vJ. •:' -^S-?^- ft- ts;

, h-. .rv © -Or-^'' tr -

55. d '-55,-

•«> ^•:-S'Q C''-5? '®

W"■^:- Sv -.jvvM. in ^^ ^ ©•-^ - 55:©. >. ?i.'m-ffi o-'.-

^t^=< © «:•■,vn- - ,:r..-'Cv':'® • ■-©k' ft/.■' ^'n04" il' »■ 04 rr-' mnu d

,

fV '•r':^•■55 ■ft . ■<^ ■ -.4' .^ m . -O' • \> ^0k-0 ^ * m 0" -:f?

■it- -II I®-. - '0 ,0- .:.?t-n :d '•4:-

■•M' -•©k ,-n.

0 'I-'€N: 0v

- 54:'S 8d •' © .-.Hir

• i: o, -ij:::" -d . -

.9-iz - K in.:Z. r' IS •T , £f 01^:,d it' — TT--.iW ■ M- i'.

i: 3in n0 g-

?r 0fv d

"

5k "fr5R T'

e- M55

m ^

N de HSi dS sv55

3S 0::i Si^ mSV 7t04 "—^ fVrt T

s w-(V ^c- m

<xs H¥-§ ^ (M-■fftn 4ff ^;S 0 J5f ci I

J3- Cf d

S

, w-d -e-ra n.

■ls>1 ss3- rr

' ><t

• ^

s ^i f4 min 5r< 4H

fv ffli: pjvo« 2cS^ n

0 fl.-fr& d 4

d Sv 04

^ ' 531d rt Ii:

^?3! 1^- w1"^ 55. 04d —; ?T!»- 0 O.in M ^

-B- m 110 p?v

^ ^# q: 0n 04 ^^ rr ml04 C ii5? O' d

^^

5? 0404 ^ fM.

/s. *

44 1' -B-£g rt5

^ "f" ^^ ©v- f.lof ^ ^■s © w-

v^ 04X I mP?v d; affli ^ r^v^ -r ^rr (^vt: ^o. m ^r4 drv qi 551

d>1' Sv^ 04CT ®^ cf

o-

^ 5k

2 ^

% ^

IS svoj. 404 04r4 ^fV ^'

vs 41*

^'n

# c4 o«04 -e- ^ail0 nd t5^©v ^ S^ i4 d* ^ *-B- rr ig

4 ^^ 04 0

C5^ 0n ^

w r«

'S: ^ 0'W 1^ C^ >4 d3 0^

t4 ^M M na P °4 n r<04 K r<0 ^ d

^ (Vi4 (?-rd> 8tSI ^n O'cfr 04^ OM-^ ftrv fvc ^•0< 9+.

^ ' ,0 nd »SkS m

^ •¥). m1 m ^"P" n ©V

^ 55m $r ZH- O' 04^ sCt ®^ {Jt14 ^ 04 n (V^ 55

I t-' ✓%

^ 0 r4 0

5 f- H^ r4

2 Q^ SI^ rv S3 - S

® c?^ 5f^ 0 _,vT' d ^^-©^ 4J^^ 04 ^1=:^ ^0 gnd r 04 ii^04 ^ >4

Page 5: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

04 trt-1

0 js-k/

04 804 04

d fg 04<~

V FT

o« d }> ?fr

IS St-<•

m 04 <- dV

0

IS

0 ft

ft33^ '-^4

0 Ss p^ illd

/Pf3

fS£J-

FT

4 4ft

4

04

04 414

o- VI

4ill

ft FT 3—1 4

SI4X

40 4

Ell d-e-

-B-

V

© ■Ifm

(V

ftF»' ti- H

04 mr

mIS d4 0

—1

V ISdst- f«- fV 3

O' S

O"

m ^m 2^

a^ nIS 5^4 c-

C r4 ?tJt, 0fV0 St-

O'

S 41 d

k; sva <>>Vjm ®g p-J-

□)! ^■

iti h-

?t>4 ^^ i\

kX14 ^i-rt

z Stf

fl- ffi-0 9+d 0QV Otiji>* 0® fV

d'

c5^^ 0

7fl-g s->4 0Hii e-^ Q

0-* 9+W-

d m0 dH St-a

r< ■*

\y 00 m

:Sla W-1^ 1\c O.Or r

0 ?tC? vy-rv £l

p^V ^r- ^d ^ ^^ r %^ ■ P?VM X mM M vsrrl lai (^M ^ 4ii -d ?v

^ ©St- -B-

d §S'

14nfe m

40 o*531 n

bf Ci^ n-© ^

^ <-d 'CO

n 0St- h-ft- o-«>» f?c^ fV© nit-

r\ fi; m> ^c f>; ^^ Or ^ ©f-< Cf- H(V O' ^^ S: 2t 1C^' ^ ^ ^

m} © 4SS ^ 5S )i^(^ S ^0 n ^ ^^ w n ^ri ^ IS yiiiC a id- ^

r\ ^

.7.

5S P?v4 gIV

n

^ CQ0 d

-6-4 fS■S H

>4 ii0 SSi SIf

1 A Md B

1 S!»• n

Sef

0 (^ft- C?^V 0fw- fSiX- <r-1 d

St- n

>-

14 d-ih-

0 O-m n

hpr S£h g:

bi 4S^ iivoL

Iff st-0 0*rS "5 ^

0 Iff0+

^ BS r*

>4 S^0 (Hm ^I&ft CrW- U- O-C< <h^ O.iT' 9?0 ($^531 ©

No< I4«>4 M

rv 1n

0 mdt""$■'

4 IS04 ^04 ^V ^V ^ft 404 04© 11:

d*'W'^r'n cS- rS ^n -r tJ-* 04 ^ft» 04 vj-'0 V 5^iti rv "Sijg Jjw fVnl 04^ ?Or r ^Ot £3- ^^ S sC d ^.r. ^ St-

r- ^

^ ^ 04S 0CS3 ^

© s gM ^ gS V 23S - S^ O' 4W 4 A4 ^ nit-04 ^o. K- ®

PS•S 4 ii

ii w-ft X ?t-^ ri (V

E

® » 8a 04 ^

5B o< ©r- -e- ^d r-' □>C 4 P?V?i ® V^ P?V vG-

^ St-St- ^

fSXw- 0 h-N ^ o«0 D> ®M d 0a St- >«-^ 04 »,3r^ O

W- ViJj Nft ^ 004 © Ms lli 0

04 m© ^ffl& o.n wt-4 ^04 M0 uHD

3flld

ft© ft ^tl> ©IS iii ^w- ^ S|

4m t{¥ ufS pH \'Sv >404 S "7"® 4 vji<■^4 04 ^o< n K'(S {^ usS K Vm: * 43 Em B¥5; p^^ ^ IRiIS ^ a^ B c-Or 4 fS^ 04 1:

04

0 04^ ii3

0 4

ilf r^ 9ti^tl J O'^ OV ftp^v dt- n>&-v ft- 304 C?-

^ 0 ^

i w K-# iT'

ft Ml4^? 0 Hn> )itff <5r® ^ o3 0 4^ ^^ :5i 4© w- 'at? 35 M)ta i) ^n S 514 It

S ©fv nC ^ ii^ 0-4 Itfii:Or ftC 04 ^o< \>4 nt*9t ^ 4o« ^ ^

04 P^0< ® 0rv- <Sp^v dnn 1: D>3 rt liV ^ 3(T ® ftd OrC 5i04 ft 4® ^ 3ft pSV il c;^. 04E p?v i¥

K>;;2 ^f 1 d #»f 5 0

04 Q>^ Or ig§M <r m

i ^>3f o< vs-^ fv ^0 4M d^ )ii& «^ M

m ^0 m 4ift 4 ffiH

Or ^ 1^

o< 4 nivh- ^ m0< v3- V3r

fv St- n(S^ ^ r-0 • h" yi O.^ F# OrSf 4' m 04Si ^ 04A . V

u m nV ^ SVyi 4 Oi•7* 04Ml 4^ o. ftV- ft VU1 pf f4.V k> HU 3 '^ aiiF mttSS 5fll!i 0

P^ iH:V S 25

iT' 0t: ^ >44 FT' fv;3 r- 104 d St

4 rR?

5f1- FT3 ^d U'

3

SB -6

^ viin ^

^ U1d V

04 ^t¥ OrH> 1:3 0ft Ftii iCi©

1 iityi fs-

ft'W ©St- H04 ^5 P?v

V ^^ 4

I 04^ fv

1:FT O'^ 4H

9t(- p^t-

K my\ d-M 04S fvCih z3 o.04 bf^ tl?04 ^

U'

m 040 °^ mm FtV 'ft >404

» >

-ii

ti> 0'W h-dft ft^ iiiW ^m 4Hs ^^ ft

i^-Tit

^ h-

tf? d

Ml St-^ 043 o.ft °>4 Ftml V^ F^')^ Wl

pffl n^

IS VfM- T

Page 6: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

ri 2\

> ?—

°c-Tf

°(n =^

i|<5

'W^3

jo•SMaiA0JlBnUUB-MMM ®

f/ :>

} Il

U 1 ¥

^ 3V

^ -f

' 5 i

12

oa

?vian

mauaHlenuuV —5-9^^7:?G3^Ssl5-oa

°5'M:?^j'?^I9Hig9^i'?..> 9-^-1;^? rc^ty/oanw)

onHIf)^&lEQ'::?5-^g||::n=/q=J 'j

p)^

TV

'^i

MIE^? for; >'1

3r¥l

MIS;

(^::

^®#;

J,>o

::j

?ilM:!i^®:? 'f)::|??94-::i#iC-i:?:^:!i^^

'?10vtfvc^Hl?or/^)c.^^-j—^ °9$^:?(^^vi79-^lfa^::)

*>3V^a¥C0fm::? '5

<;f9

"¥a (v) J-¥

° 9 •$ a

9r O ?

;^jf-'oc-e<5v:?ac.c^^^|5gy;CT®.7 'an?

^J

'C(¥c.

^ fi

^^^G!):?

'<^:!j

-hlY^-Jf 7 54-1

'G¥1

4;

^ ip:;}c^s

ip:; (o)

(9) (V) fJW^H

°9 9pain? 'dw-iH

• .q

u:}—9 9paniHi^?rviy^ci3!/jpm-pjy^^ia3ic:-^Q«Q^if5'? r(®^9 4M

K'l

(0) (H) (V)

¥1^

5? ' Ci

o9

U'^>

'94figl^-3;^-^^^5?5¥WIi3j:!l®

■'9

viii^

?yi

f>n

3r^

'?

CO)

°9\ii

n^®

F:?

):gy

^^J'

? CS

+i¥f

4l)

(9)

°vin

Hi5

?^«^

(o

^Bd

) (V

)

"v-i

5v

r/u

e ^S

S5^;^

o-

Era-

3^Ep

sc.^i

? r^

¥®

>y;j

mETay

o :? t

)"^®

9 '?

:? 9

^5

4i|)S

&-3r

:2^^

y/^T®

-^

^^giy

-—-f

ryK

l5?

) °9

T^?d

_[l¥

(4T:

:)P

i-/O

'Y

~T

J f

h'^

'a. ^

■i'5

'?3?

:il9

Y-5

:=l ^

T 9

3; >

c.:

!}g

"-I ?

OS

^Oill

•'3

f®^^

■SivG

3^^M

' >

¥¥

Ci ^

^■pl

'^lii

#^-^

1?

^l-P

)S-l'

rT®

3?

'::)C

T®:?

°9'

?a.4

^)5'

-1in

^2lf^

^liW

^^¥^

i:i^■

C^

(y/D

^iF

9>

c.5

Si«

co

x9

J

mzm

s4

.-if^^

3fc

rsj

Ki;

Page 7: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

24

sias

raj

yhtti^o

^cD<fc a nj:r«^^®motj-::i5cDM[±^

IC, 0FIStc i

o

"C4>-5o C

:5'—L < ,

JilT.

{c-^-oT2oo^-■<ctT

.t>{irim

^7° D

- f-

i T

7° O -

T

-5 o

1^ 1 ¥ T"t^M

L fc i f:j,

^ o T

;!)^ ^j: tj- n tdf E

li it 8

io'<

fc®j&

^2oT^-&

(—

Sg

T^5

^t±#

il2^#

m^tL

fcL

)„-eti,

n^^m

ML

x^^co

o -e

oit,

CStfiR

^^'W rrf-^

-i-

cnti$fe^f5F5^

(Jew

ij ■^ —f- . -f'-y-M

-S D

esigning Social Inquiry: Scientific In

ference in Qualitative Research (King, Keohane, and Verba 1994: 16-17) {C (i

oi'®

(a:$:|g!??S

(i+

2004. 18-19^),, tlX

h

^n

^m

^I-^

SE

LT

^T

,

2. i®

®,

X\^^6

^0^s.

fc"(c+5)-5tliE

^nTi.^^£l<

0 ^

Lr.

^{±SiJ®

Sf^®

t5

3. 3<:^i::-^t>n-5l^%

l-#SnLT

, "to

m^ (o

^ f9 t>®

ffly^^iEH.^

a3

t®#

IS«

o<

5

25

4. L

/c^,ife ^

I. ■« {±-5: ® iii®

IE L ^

-S 0f5

S^#

^ o

t^o

(C®

^ 6 fPiS

lcoi,>T

{i BOX 2-2 ^#

m)o

l>®

®B

^^'fl:^tiTO

^j:i;^^ii—o

t <0 T^ti^'M

h OTIIP

8^{C J; -:>

t\.^ofIJtl—

®iE

L<h07©

A^.

tf^,

(ic.

yV

-€-n^m^5F

5^^^tMt^i®

;&^'±®

m2«T

-^^/;:o Ii> a yyyK

i

(WJ't^'C

.O rx

u~

^- f- t>

f41

itCl5

:oO

Ai'#

^ia6

^Ty a

5o c tl

[± ()5;®;r"(±/j:<) ^^®

tl^^t±i^;^^-4

-So

L^>L.

J; o Tti L;»^>T.

empirical puzzle 1

;6^ J: < ^ t) n

-5 i}m

#±A^oT

<-5®

iJ^^MX

5 o ■€■ O J: 7 /J:

ti

m<D

txi)^xh, 1)1.^7'^^^

<DX$>i>o

C CT

O

7 anomaly O

<1

Page 8: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

rs!j

IS 2*

BOX.2-2

(. > -5#^—

6«—

c

pi^,'? ft(D'C^5o

1\.}oX<D-:^mt (iS'K-. 1^

^0^^-S{aa^t!36i*5^i'V-'o '

,v, , .

;/;

3 o®®|^^5i:^;6i-rT-(;::S:iS^1^7f5|i,^ n

TV>S i bJ: •?„

■ ^^p: ±K©;3 -^©a^® 9 xr

2-9 (£?>•£v>Ji t-p) ;Vii>fs.v^XW^Xtct px-1- y

XT~t& So , .;^\;

tx

s:6?:&p

ffi?gM^^jfe®i>i-9;6J-r^8S&^J«^ ra-Ca^SJ <i:Vv^fc^i®i:^,^^J;Oo

■ >i^^4^(c:fon^-C(±gi^ic 3o®a^'^^^

5p (IS) :

f]^m¥=^nutx:^m,

i±W^)-W(=J;-3T^/^S^j®®. yi^i^^-citc®3-9;6sA®^^i&®So *e:-

■ c.te''3'-9©aaS6^tyi5&if

rra^ni::i.Vs;()^f-x y ift^<bx^x^ Mm'^tix\^tH:^tii£, ^

■f^ ic%

s c S

A;

'en

{iA^^a

ncci:ii<

>;tJ

;9o

4'-tf^£t),

W-oM

H

a^0F5^{c

—/J—

^fftlY

t®P

jaaAO

HTiE

^2

-1

»0

IJX

i:®-a

- rA

lliSX

OU

iWJ

BItg

-a

-y9-

rAf-iS

Yw

sftiJaj

g] 2-2 b

-^ h (C

<t

y_

;K7

5_

^_»

UXflW

fiRait J.«nK'W

HJH

6

^m

Ei$

iflS—

/?-

77

>7

/? -

TcW

SiS

iJKU

—j9 -

t t S

t^u

>f 7/v

u h

$-o

Jtfc*0iJ

(5tirWfS

{=(±&

'5'^fc)

Ln

^j:t^o

11

2-1

7'

it 7

E^

Hii.

(-9^ i9fra

!^®^li)

t±,-^itti&

tl^J^Ji LT

(± A

. i/'f

Xy^jUV

CArend Lijphart) tf

tL J; 9 o^tltX

itR. /-^L

- CR

obertDahl) ®|J& <

^mM

mm

^X^-^tz-o

LtS

^L,S

i- ^-r.

9 t < ^B^7

tic

i.^/;®7

£b

So

-e

cT

'^^y

®

b r

Si$

i]<tl.^9

|gt:^^n

't.t±it/c0

7a

bo

/^o

c:©c<

!:(cj;i9,

p-rSi0J/&

aB^{±A

i'^t-Miitfc®

7feSo

h oSt^(±.

[12-2®

Page 9: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

ISC

rsij

SI 2-3 -i^V ::^CD^0iJA<t)fc6Ufc-7;P5^^^li(O<gEIE

e5fesaw*iilism

v;i.i';^±jSI±v^S;^SC0^-p

a^mz6t

a-* s 5 tm&

±»

^ :; toassTb' fc o

rk t

/8 3a^<o^«d*- /? - si&<o§i^<o

STJiS Sli-f^a.

<±-fti5

»S4P.t>'{c

■i^'):^

$ h^M

ido

mz 5

S'S

^UX

IC.

•f(Oflk<D

S^H

UA

'fe^ktST

1

K-<

i±-f-e<fe5

-p -* mu

^—

^HiJ(if3

®-P

S 5

-a —

li-f-CA

5

-p -* K

-f-vtttS

i^-e

^tL

in^(o

m\iz

i>

-Skm

t

LT r^5-3 i

(most likely case m

eth-^od)J,

rt

<t t) S

(least likely casem

ethod)J (D2'0^^$>6o

^^liE L t) o i a

■So -:j4

0 locr,W

Jfc"(^T.

/j: J' -

-S C

<h i/.£ S

o

itiSat^fc

-6 ti -f 4^* iJ X

7!)S^$fejigT fe ^ fco

jgc S

o fc®-C"-cb-So

d' +' 'J Xfc o i

fci ■

t^xJ;9o

LA

^L. Ii^lc

(i-7;u

^xi^^®

1^?

|iJlc

SL

r, ^®

J;9

4-?i^:-4-*'j x

-eti^

c ^/d:;&

^-:.fc®Tafei9.

c:®l^t±-7-'t/^ x

^^#

ic

^t^LT:2^tS

&i]^£B

il^6^H^iE

^ieofc®T

£bofco ^

'J x

Z.ih

Ui)^'^tz0

tz, ti,\^^i^T

"^>o

TC

®^{ijlS

A^n

fco

t^^L

,

El^-z?^-ii-O

T2-3 ®

«t -5 {c/d;.S;i)i, x^^®

igjE

{cMo

rh-5

t^Tfe'S-P

o c®

^'fr®^^6

^1

t±.r3S

M0J®

MJJ

K-f

C^'N

JUX (Robert M

ichels) ®ffl-^"C

^S ( H •<

1911 ^ti^tljfiS)o 1$P>iJt3^g2®i;^M

iJJ cb4>WnS

a -^^*9, i'®

m^S

fcfcl,^TK

-f-yy:

^^*5

.

f>iS

fiSg^iS

t)tlTt^fco

L^^L

. 5

^JUX

{i-^®K

^ o ^®

^-m.

e:® 5 '^^u

x1^ 2-4 o

cfc o t-1:So

^m

ntr^

fzo

E!2-5®

J:^lc/^So

^X-T^^tiizMU

^^

(b) $^JF^4^-i":/7'^ct-?-®''<U

x-i/3 :/ C

LT

^^{±. m

.'^tmW

i^m

i®^t^/c

®+

'-f-y^c

iigts

Page 10: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

12-5

a

mi6A<o

—0

3

i i

Ad'tott

^T{i45i:

AJ55X

Sbil^VMX —a - S-CJ:

i=<tSiSatittgiE Zti

Ai)^X\Zfi

A;4^aTI±S5

^ ~*

z;i:7»*iajfig —

©iatiSWJY

a:<D(S$i4%giE

T t

cncoi-5 4 WJ«'*SBSe5<::S^

mmAOi^jE

t

t\^^mdSi

^mTux^^x-

W{-4STi±is

li-fi: v»9«I86

aiaA»f3)iK14;S'

i''q±

(method of difference i 1;^ 9

)

^(Dj^iZ, :^ <

^

mm)

(method of agreement i

t^^)

lif-'^iC-li-ck, "j-f

{c:a@L, U-^, -?■©=»; *5

y -e

h 4-V^

/j:e,{f,

lt. y ^

h'y

tmm

<D

mm

^M^t^i>

if^^, u

t

y-<

jL'X

i>^ti

mity

^ ';

7 >f

'J t'y

W:)-tz(D

i)\ d

© 2 i3

mf^<

x -y

y h tfi^

o

T'{±,

iifi(c.

^c-tfK

^6

i.>(i.

y ^ t'y

try ') ijm

m,

J:7

lc^E^fcJ;9

^£^^m

lc^@L

fc9;iT

^ C t tU

^o

xh

o^(c

, ♦M

Fa

i+*+

'vy^®

-»^)ij?

ij&L

j;9o

±.x

^^tifz^^fx

mm

m

^'x

-yzri}i$

>;h

t^K

, -S

15

®W

Jf-t±

WM

^=ii^^T

{i^S

(■e®

WJ^^tiS

mx^?

>)

>iig

iJ®

WJi-{ife

T(±

^

c0

^t}M

^u

, nf

CD ♦M

i-Tti

e. net !©;{)»?

cor«

^^

tc/j:^ 0 Ja

flfc/c

^|^lii^®|!S

^^Jg

§ c i i

cn

iij:iB®

^M

^M

,;S®

;£:fflJ

f$"e

iSo

7^ 'J t°y

i$^g

®M

^^^rd

:i?^f$

&^jfc

)5?

^L

<t9

o

y ^ V t°y©

^M

S.T

iy

(Sam

irAm

in) ^ A

. G. 7

yy^

(Andre G

under Frank)

/j! L fc d

©gfm

tc; J;tl(i',

■a

^iA

ti-|t|^g

:$;ia

i^g

j{i 1 o©

-> X r A

L T

0

^ d

(iSfe

iiS

;!?^^^g

ic^-rn

tdr^M

i^±a

©^^^g

{d:ig

<

t^-5

it^9

o

9-f

•) S

^{c

lt&^;^

g:^

iaf^^J

T{-tJ

V^T

^^®(^n

Tl^S

7&

^t>it^9

di{;:/j:.5

o

LA^L.

< ^X

ltt >^£t^o

19

50

^ft®

M^j:&

(f

7-r 'J

ri^®ij

Ln7d:t^;^)^, ■?■©

r^^J

{±i'9

LT

iin^ d i;6

^'T

-i/c©

K

7j:-tf7

^ 'J fyti

fSS

tiiJ X

^U^^-o

fz

©;6>o ^S

i:7'f '; t°y

©:tl.^

^M

t^{c

{±m

W^^iig

#:$

ijm©

a[b

:6i

111^. d

©M

^s?t^fc©

^^. m

w.<

om

msm

\^'&u

t^m%

xh

'yiz

, x>

t

"9, B

tfcfi-e

©J:9

Page 11: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

^ fnv 3n

^ 3 S

ri '^ Q «•

-B- S Jitla fV W;W- ^

\ Ti ' ^X fi Ci ^

V rv rv- r4i ^U X A- .CH St- w

0« 9+ X n°

i s i o ^ H r n?v

^ L\ 7t ^g (V d q:

iN ^ tt 3 rj-^ ° ^ r^ CiO (V

^ O Q ^ CN (V> O n ^<5 o si:vO --N Q <j^ (><n O o.

rt fc O e-rr 4tt £ O (T fT

w- O fvd tJ-

• e (ffi r Hh- ^ X r< ^ rt.d 3 0 C 3^ 5C 1 ft ^tt 9- V 3 nrt • ^ - a^ r< c~A ^ r< 3d^ ' e>^ Jt 4H ig^ r<

CN

M B^ ^ Zv-^ Hi ®

a- 1 ^ OT0 q: p^ d ^0-i c^ w- _,

li ^ A Sd 3 tt

(S^ o<

3

^ 0St- 3

°' W-7^ m

<r fia

^ §S0 ^fV ^&■ da H^ n3 19t^ i^

W S

^ ?■Q S

-' e»rr '?

o* ?fD i^c?*" 3e c (y^d St- iH IS£n ?^' r<

^ 0 ft0 «v ^^ ^ 3vy- ^ '9-9? S •-

® Ss ^^ "□

I ^H» h-

3

■* (^VM ^^ Jit

St- n ^cj^ ^ r<

' (Vr< 0, d ^?• i: k; 'W- d d w-d Pt 3 w-3 ^ ^ rlm ^ M ^n d H H

r» W ^0 ^ ^|i- ^^ S dM 0 US • ?t3 D> ^m M d^ " St-5j: 0'W m n

H fw ^ d- 9J ntl^ 0H rt t!¥ ? 4j) if ?ta ® rv H ^ ' °

1 r< -M E d Kr^ ^ tf ^ V r-

q S d; c« & il; d* 3 c- ^ '

n ^ 9t d 1

3 atlt

d;-t 3^ 9tH O'

r<

3 mh-o« 39? l¥

5lr ^

-j: vy«fit in>3 #o 3... 9?

-rrT jj.JS- ^

»OP CJ.w- ^

d ^St

ft rvo

0 9V9U- f«-o- «V

* f«;n «tM 9ts m<a- :fiW'. ^T

^ d/V InJ

S H3 m)B}- ctm 3^ ?tvyCD- n

?S- i:' O'm ^® qI# d

St-^ 04d ®9t ^i: y--5-)fr m^ m

^ m4ff 1^0 md ftA 0+^ rift, ?Td 5d 94?q

fV 9?

vy q m1 m §, Si 4jt2 9? ^ ^ S 3" 3 ott d ^ i¥r4 d ^ St ^B4 «>3 St 0 04 30 04 ?t K Xj-

3^n ^9+

^B4 «>3 itW ^o< r«

9t ®i?t 3 0

S^B d MSHk;»«»is r^

9

d^34r»S!^^i$ssr dS8

m i^@im»; »93 amh^ i:=SUK rr fSP$ 9t n>a nus a-4£§ «>•

hr fX _@ V S

, i ft; e>

i m

firs 5SIa 04

«

ss dm ^

0 St d;«t 04 I

C- sW o. ^i^ 04 ng I I

SI d;

I Xs5 fW-S -^t:

^-•^■•"'15 9?t= 04 ^

" 5!^ Stim 4^) d-iiJ d 04^ q ■-a ^ ;5p

fM;fV V

i: dIK d

I 94- HQ

d ^ A\ ^Pf S 04m 'n ^ m^ 0 ^Ml «t St^0- 04

H ?a ?fr04 ?t

n ^-1 w- ffl>4 ft m

d ^ ir>^^ ^ ^^ %^S- )«■ 3

d ^(V Sm r-

td w-m ft3 fvd JjJd ^

dda StI 04

i4 o.

(V ?tn Ot?i- 3

9t tsJd- W ^01 ^ fVi; 3 0-'m d prd d 043 a n3 a n

d -0 ttr SI vy?t o^ 3

C 33 3

^ St

Jit 0q ?t

^ d Mtt 3 ^& ot c^H 9u StVji fV C

d-04 ri

?t ri 3 ' Stn ?ti^ I fv

^ d ^9+ ^

«t fVd ?t 3d 04 Kta n if

1 rr 3d fT dd 9t dSt 04 avs- ° 1

C< 99rv (¥3- d d d ®

fV

St ^?>4 d*° 04

?tfv ts-d- mq iiiii' 3

^ ^ d-S c- ?tw- d *^ C r4d tS-s ^ ly{H o< ^r4 nfv ° 3

iffl d "W-3§ <5*- o-'r- itffi nd ^ 94-tf d--A ^ dr< nrr ^ ^

«i Ftd- 304 ^

(V 0

f>4' 9tt^ m Kt^ Kt iffv if 3C?- 3 d"S d do. d nA a 1fut 1 d5ir d ^1^ 3 (V

SI vyq tt• d ^ ot^ ' d

c?^ r*Ijt 9904 >1-

wt54-

i: dO.

9^ I®i£fk m3

Kt ?S- a^

3 ^ 04d ® fvd W c-a if d

0 fffd ^

04 9fr

m ^M 04d m99 3

n n

i:wt 0

d d3 ^

SI 3 ®0. 99 ^C

^ ^ c-c- ^ ft?t ® tvri JjtfV Dr ^99 '9? d S:

nt ^

it 3OB -

Ot 0(V «t 5}tc ^^ m

^ Ft04 nn

Page 12: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

35

x'.

eh g jIHTC J; 9

o

vx 5' y

h ^ o f^f-S

I-—ab S (< (cMo (tt)n-5J;-?{c^S

I* C t

<tSt)tl'5o

.^sEbim^nmoi'M^

I ^T, LJ;oo mtcctr-r-

piffl:SC (r^^xt>ti®55-^(±^ c^tr^ijiiLfc^^, C^Cti©^jli75^^oTt-^-2>Ji le o

J; -9 t^:S: ©

i ) © @ (± C © J;

(a

4' & 4 t> 4

i^o Lt&^l, ^3S©^i'l5lm:S:icfci,^-r(arp^^®f^Mt±di^,'^-c^abi9.

;(i4i^o yifi?^$n4(an{dr, ira3i:ti^<

f>4

^''©"trcb loI C©g?^^f^^©itiii-C(i,

—)l56^(iiV^oro^©a:-p44o©^M^®i9lS

HI®Pa1©Kl^v^

^^6^-^4{an{df4 b4Uo

• T'-^'

. c:nii4^i^oi. (ai;i6©2^(cMLrti|S0^(i;f^gTi59 C^UFI:^

lf(c3^g©M^.'^-.'u4i-j!)^ab5©-eaSc)o 3#g© m^Wc.t>ti^Um.

;(ft?lK)j c^^(it^a,|:^^^lc^tn■

5i©oia3!)^

^■Ocfc9 4^4tn:iS

ISS

(±^^fe-5:i>^t>Ln4ie^ ©

2g

^>.

Mljt^

(<h < ic

l^i 4-2.^:^:60

4^fe

©T

•4^ttl{^4

^>4

l^o

iii

Page 13: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

(V

o. 53F«v

d 3c?- •

^I -

^ tH

1§SS 4H^ 5ff

^ Q t=H S^ c M

if 53f Mil yim 3fi

3 r 4if rur

-e- ?3 © f-'

m d C"

St- ga ✓-V 94,

9+ \M ©

y? o« nuR rt

?0 s»

-fRa

n CMmu

4J- 53- rt53- m Ittt 14 d 53-

CM (Vc

^3-St-CM

#

CM0

30

-9- fi fT

7' © d

sa y?(S^ D>C

3 94 d d

3<-

—,<'

<s^ 6- IS (M

3 Wi Pr

(S^ (V

wv ;j^ ?S

^ m mTi T<M 'h <$^o- 0 3

A H ^fw-

dV 3 Q

0^ S hio« ma '

' d<s^

<r d*

o< W-

^ O'p?v m

^ 4w> C |!!ltn

St Pr>4 -

CN O'

m s

S4H :ttl¥ ^1^ mm «a

rv ^•Ott" CM

r< 5?

3 a§9r HO. f? 0

vl' rlIS "S^ CM

n ° fVnH h- :t?^' 4 mCM -r 1^r< Oh <hfV ■!§ CM^ ^ ^d »t ^'utt" "liS i?CM ^ C® S Q

40 -3 o-

^ ^r n(^ O' 0

ts-iffl c?^ r*r Q ^rl d jit^ dv n^ ? D^3 H i^'

Spj ^§t?)IS ©^ (5^a ©rt ©

vi' 32H ifIE ^

3 ^-B- sCS-f-' CM

W- ^

iVr ^tS- CMrl h-S O-CM n

M Mi^ m3 3au[i^ -fl"^ e-

^ m

CM ^^ 4■IS A^ w

# ^nl CM&r °0

rto-

© l-g»t d■i fW"d Cm5v isrt n>» (5*-d Sv

CM0 o<

iS d^ 94-CM nuR

© 1^M Xm ©m m^ mtd 54

d 3^ rt

^ O'A ^d M© 1^^ r<D> o-d-B- CM?■' r<

(V

& fv3 9fnRji v>^ o«

^ (5^S14 vM

m St-# 0^ dSs 5+^ 5??t v3"'

m ss

S asl-sS BP"<n .-H.

0^ -B3 {Vd c-^ do-» -e-O- 17'

Pr ^

O. ^

t«A 53-

d ^St- sfCM j

1 -

O'

d 35? o-ct VJV^ --5^ ^

mCY »OV ^? ^5^ S^vjt "-t;d8»

£i C7-n Duji2t 'm^ t#

^ St-liiit CM3 Prm #1jM. lilt

m w-

dm Mlift w.w- ft-B-<7' Aa> ^

^ St QI IS Ig >4 S^ -Hf^ m i® H1^ Pr eM^ ^ ^^ \ BVi m ^p?v lifk w-

vs- CM

^ fVfV <5^

n 0h- l>vs c?^

m m^ w>m ■—?F 5^n *>t ^fW- n5? tf

Oh isn^ >5f(i ^3 ^n M- as

Cm ^^ g{9t(- ^^ 14pjt- 0im d

>4 C?c r<m fvs p^t-r- 911d 47 n

r^ imSI ^

m^ X^ ©-fCM

r< m4 s" ©

-A rn (VcSv p?vMl ^rt ^h- &•o. rt5? m

IS )mp?v 51;

Pt ^'©© ^ Sil

CM ^>4 0 dg >4 St-4^ d ^s"^ St- "3 •3'n • Q? ®5 © ^5^4

I^? ^

X ^ M

^ n^ ©

1 w-

8 2

I [4d ^St- ^CM ^

© 2rr

sv ri9? 52

,Q w© ia-

O Bllll

>13 ©11^d mKj 1—

M ^a ^m CM^ °14 ilm fd p*w- >t

W; n- ^

Oh a ?$® .<; a

n wPr ^0

d Ss3

l_

r<-4 PrA n

fW- C-5S rt

^ PreM

53 PrC^/ -

pffl 00 wd vs*r-

h- ^d

5? life

?l« o.

t Qp?v ja-41?

Pr ^C

-B-Oh C'

" -S^

d&■ St-^ CM

3^ ft4

d d X^lpTTO

<— -f94 St- V p^v 0 y>

<M © <-*

m wv FTr< QCT s rt I§

~m.-IS IV 11 m FT ■* m

FTR¥

p^ VJm911Vr

0\itnTP

ifn

d if s VIS p^ FT ✓N. p^ 2ffi

vGQSi d p?v

TO

Kj

vT" Oh iil r-94

if

41^3- A S d vS- H R

d w- FT 94 Vj' CMOP

)4d if

o« r< 9

sv VS- Si if V 41

i»}(BP \M r< a vT' d

»

1^o< cj- d St- 0

"k0 l^'m

St-CM

rtPr

CM0

✓s

CH

5F

94,

0K 3 -& mA fj- On © S!? 53-

V;v»

V y^0 -Vt«

mp'VJlTT

FT P^

4H a-Oh if if :S© © V vT' nk hi 91194 Si © 3 Vj' ?s- 5T' m FT if 91! FTO' ii m Sf CM 4 ?f(l

m«v NJ ^4 tHiM

ra )tiiii w

Page 14: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

C rt 5: h- vJ ^ 5+; cS' O' ^ ^ iit J ^ ^Ti n rv « fv "(V ai ^ 1: ftn gK n 4 S3= S pi- tV ^ &i i^S 1 ct c 7 IS X^^ o ;i nrr 3 /V 0^- ^ (Vfv ^■ \ -r-c Uk ~ i& ii Hr^" -£j. IS ^ (5^^ S 7 ts ^ jJ' >f ^ S ^ (V° C ? >-5 2! CJ-

ft . K~ ^ ^^ rr ^ n>It ^ ^f>>v ' '- »? ^

St- fv^ Vi

dcO

4.s : ,✓ *• t:

- tfiL mOt ?n d rwj0 25-

i/ft ■ pE

n ft s Or At HtS

■ liiniTjtir n S Q.

i> rt »■ &; tSjJi

>4 nT' d Ot £lil!

;-t-0

i4 54-ft Bi At —,

vyt 2 IS 8 q' X

f f -J 5r^ O ^ ^ m f^ O ^ r^ ^ri O ^ ^^ fii M r^ M^ c S g? s ?L- ^ m s ^ 11- xN 9? n "^ rS f- /tir -w ^j. t> ° » 1 iJ. [> E ^ S;t- > ^ ^^ l> ^ r] ^ ■£^ C f,! Jli

; fT^ ? f S Iri fs . . •■^" ?!! S r- as ^ tl^' j-v ms ^ J1 ^ ^ s i .?I -31 - -5 C ^, J7J 3 -f; ft t>t; tr S? ^ ^ Sj 4 C SBU - A m £:>3. — 4 SI & S n s ^h-- I tt- A} ^' -Si «- -4 *3i rS *5: ' ^^ $ 4 c- =Li; ^ ^1 ^ 5! f X I s ^

z^ Quitft foc 5?Si 5cu(t ^r; OtS ffi^ ^ rrSMik JL! 94-^ 2i? - a-^ 'i . :o

^ ?tCN as:

fv rv

cf^ (?*• 0J>fV C ^sit o.m A runC~ fWr 0r\ ^ Q.

^ r^v ^^ ^ 4

fll8 W- n

^ P

(N Sf "fr

P?1 (N ^iE ft ^f^' l> feifr ^ 4

E^ tXm ^

H ®9>. f? "xT' 0

® w-s c ^

® O. _,Sf 5^ fiiH> ^ ^52 H S

^^ cr- ■-

t sd. ?>45+ S

S S

f\^ rr4

mk +>n IffiH Srr. M

Si's 5+^ -

S>4 15+ ^Ata A^'4 r\

^

# ^ >4

(4 154 g

32:=> -rt-

g ^1 X

S Iar: E5.'^ m

^ ft

4 0rv

A'* rAH air

f S SDiOr d 0ca. SV a^v

^ At W-# C ^f\A d -g-^ ;n r-0

,>t 4St m

~ ^ -2-

- S S■< > ^^ rT g

^ «sK n p!4: 4 1fL ' ^r- ■< N

SS- 13 >44 ^ ^

o

n [5 "s m td.ins a-Jcn ss- cs ri- (4

o

ot ^S »

CiJ- 0*

?t -s-

^ a>4 ^-7-

o"3 512

ft sS Ot>4 0-

d' ^55P Ott^ ^SS- 'Cn A»01 a

^ &

# dt' c4■§> 0^ d4: [4^ m0 riiciji> ^

Page 15: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

9-r c.

S l=i-^ 0

fv™ tj.

LW «

^ P-i^^ fM- a^ 1^ r^" ^# ft<^1

g fv^ -ffl

auii

^ mQ

a- w>M Q n

^ dt^

n w-^ «vft

ff ^^ (?^^ c-

r4 °0* s*-

d «>*41

OH a'o. M

m d

a ISft

CN ^^ 4^ o*a §;c^ m0 P

(H

■* n>» -m (VrvS «v

^ wv

m ©3ft a1^ ^(i St-dv \>(i>4 0<

^ Stft r

ft04 04

r4 r<fV fV

^ fVSv >t04 04

a ^

0t_

0 nfS^ a?i- canH 0□llUW M-ft ai4tD rii: dt-

0 ah-

n 0«n

O- *nl ms^^ ISfV ^ft m

^3-' »:ft 4^i: ^ari

r:

a 0?T ftO'

^ ^ 0g t aS ^ ^

m (Vrw-

mr« djj. <-

r4 afV I®:^ ato it

d(H a" m

m am

liiit #d

m '

&■ ^

ft

04 ^° d

otif

4 d ft^ ' &•

n ® ®5 »»■^ ^ 04fH2 ^ ^^ a OH^ d ^

w ts-TO ^ ^

^^ r< tt2; a a^ ^ ®I 1 ^s 4ffit a

^ ftg 4) 4)^ ^ ISd -t!? 3St- ® ii5^ ^ ^

32w- 4$ aft f; (?^^ ^ a^ 0^ n^ 1^ St-

<5^ 4 ft0 d4 B> r4 ft> fV 04> IV r<@ ft V

S ft)[ffl ^i-^ ftSv ^^ mft* s

3 nft V•« 0^ n

• •^ o.n ft

■ C?-

pj> ft^ sV a-

aili ttvl'

^ V

r< D?i

^ 35 d^ K';h. n lud ><^ dWf cv "—rt n Ha ft >d ^ -&t- ft 3504 ^ m® HI ^c ^ -4rt t~ ®J5- ft Vr i: 35d ^- m II1^ ^ V

jf3 m^ 4fV 1^A ^4 ^a 4\S 04

11

5W sva 04

n ftV

>

^ m ^-, ;>4. (w-11^ <H ftU > ^li: Qt rX- V d

v Kf o.m H+"# m ?t■4 ^ V

1$ ^ 5W^ ^s- W>1- X Kfm ^ m^ d ^»r' 04 ftn ° mft 70$ -4

1 1 am BV 1$ FdC ^ Hf0 >!■ m

e ^ Q^ a ft

ft %d ' wt-!¥ d ftW> IIS V a^ d JH!

V ftfl 04

0 r* °ft d

gt ^V3

0 ■—d TCT

i sfi

? ®

4hr OH>St ^^ aft Va fit-d

H ON®

^ ?t0 W-

d ftt: «v04 n

S «- TO?4 r* i&lt«>4 D a ^c?^ 2 ^ si:a ^ o« lititV ^ ft ac ^ 1^ ^

9+

n 4i^ Ohfu^ r*ft Vr <5^° dr* w-

^ h-O' O'

^ °a Vrtt vT'a na ftA 'd 35n JWtJt ft

UK i: SD4 ft W-ON ^ w" [ 1 mm ^ m^ na n^ >h V^ ^ 0li rt dtil> 0 w-n c jHitfr d Hf■tt ft 4«>4 M ^+ ^ M^ ^ m>i ^ 1

^ m "S:ti> ^ Ka s ^

o. ^Bi ^ ^ft ® 3- 5Ct^ o- ^ ^

[ B d^ ^ sv3 3 *>ft ^ o.t¥ ^ °

n S^5 <>4

Page 16: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

^m [r (}*^ a r<

k; fv

5 a 'jrt; H ftr 0 o®*

>w n ^S s n

tr+) n ^IS f5t^ >■■ f.M vT- °>^ ^s- n

^ ll' Hfi 1

«v ™

^ r ^

^ m ^^ m m^ ?V -HH ><• ^ 0a 4^ St-

^ IU> CNX c: ^ ®

0 W-S?: >4 ?t& i:r\ s r\Hi & £

✓V ^

^ ig0 d< >4«v ?t ©& 3t?

^ fT 1-^r- St- ^i: «>< ©

© »

>4 'iSt- ®

B & ' ot-d ^ jt r< 0^

d (5*-^ ©

h" c- dQ C St-^ —, CN^ ISr« ^

fV nff

h- Qo< ^m

c^ tJt■»

g&m: ©(H '-A fvw- Tr4 0«St- ^-^ O'

°

Ci -S© n

^ m© m^ JBn3 >+•

-, 0IH> ^ftfe tf-

^ 9?

^ o

©

-B- ^i' IS1^^ Cm rS

tt- 3^

fv n®

fv null ggff 55^ ©_, 4 IJl>r. ^ ^^ W; C?^>4 C IS'n i: WM- © r«^ d ^-B- St- v)

0-* fS5)> o. Sna ^ S

AL.

d -

0?«. ft 0^:: © ft

0 W da 1^^ HIS ^ ^^ (\ ij

^ H© a-fl- ti-C' >1

X £ ^C ^ r<•- ^' ^8 iCf vT'^ f n

^ C ©CN ° ^^ D>

oV 3c \>« H^ ^ O.

«s © n?v (i—I ®ri d ^^

^ ^St- :5i 4lt?t s m

^ r^ ^ dfV W> C^ O-i^ 9? ftr *: %fS ft IS^ ^ §s

ISO. ^ ^ft P^t-ft ^ s^SS ^ o«

S- 5+d h-

n fV

M

\y« r^'

r

^ ^ -4^ life 01

n ®?i- 3tfl ^Oi ^ Q9t 4" Kj

^o< g^in «3- S

^ tt^ &•— 0-4Q nr< (V(V d

Si-

# 'r<

o< r<

1

SI --3M H

m ^>4 ^

^5-riffe ©© ^-B- m$■' n5> S5gS r

"W-

ftk i:

ft^ m

m afeIS ^gs ^> 3

o. L2H- IS ^

^ 1 i>?• iffi i

r\ ti >(?^ n P*CO QV 00 ?t t:>> 0* d\y ® life'Z ^WV Q ^d ^

O'

^ ft dr< w

rr V ft

© d1 (S^^ ^t

© ^

^ ^

r4

(S^ ftrt ^vy ^-4 dA c•< 0^X ^

^ Ap?v o<^ ©w- rr

A Wd fM-

^ diW 'pP

^ ^ r<0 nl ^3-d fitt- deft- rt 1-^>^ k >4<+ ?s ^&* o-fV ° ©2 :i It^ 2 ®^ i m

O 5aSr ^-fFH soL

^ ^2® S S^ ^ t,il w- '^,1 ?•. 4-4 d T^ - 0

mk CA ^

d* ^o. >. txn ott ^

SdJ ^ IPo <4 S

h- 3D)^ )t$l5: 4H($*• ®

i ?>I i

mr r-*

iii ft

k ©

^ m ^© s n^ ^ ^O' 0

ft m dmi © .^m St- 04ft fv aEJ> n dm ^ u^ ^ ftm^ri

tr '

t ^ ^^ ^ >4tx ^ Xr< ^ Zrv 4 5n ^ 5h- r< Io- fv r

[fife 9tV r4© r- 5^

S: * V04 ^ U1r( ht V(V ^(5*- d

m n e^ © St14 # 1m 3 ^© ^ dDJ> © St-§1 St- 04

03

^ rt ^2 d ^f-J fv ^

4 ft■> d ^

rl4 ^ 7^© ^ n^ st-n> iN- d rrI]J^ Oi ^^ d o>© St- gg-^ 1^iji JS-1^ * •a? ^ ESI

1: 4 ^iSB >-3^ ®M -n ^Q ©sj 0 M

"• jni

A ^ ns © ^sj -e- ^s. ^d §t- ^ C04 Qo 4 S?t ^ df; 3 H>4. 14 ^K - P?v S

k ^ ^5 d2 vy 42 €N^ o« r<0 Q fV&•—(?*•© (V •>!^ ^ ^

^ rt M-

d ^ ft* tl- C

>4 ft 0

Page 17: fv £ i C'hiwatari/lecture/kokusai/... · m t'^B L ^.i i< ^ tSIm-^ 5 L.4^^£V^)o o^i, ^ ^ 7"©^ Trachtenberg2006)o ^ C'Vit, -?:tl^ T ^ ^i: o ^ L ft cb I-^-P (C m i tl-^ ^ t-t ^£

m m

n Q

Jit Sn 9 h"0 d

r\ ^^ °0 <?^

il OV© ' \>» d )4 'm ' CiA 31? ?^ ii ff' m m

fv X

o. nh- ^O'

a

<s^ ^© m

n S I 9rv t n^ n^ S i•- r ^ ""

^ M S* a IQ 0^- J^ 5

^ 35B S j::^rVr ri^- »

^ rt n %^ J® M^ f^ ■ fe'g S! ^% 1 at^ js-^ d £g UK8^ ffi is n?v at

ii ss."W 1>

OB Pm mw sg ^M Hiol^ h" ^© M, iJ'VI ©□ OD Sft S fX>J w imn c?

C ©tO' e>J

iT' 9tt °>i< d^ ct«i—, A

CO CO I—•

w- ^ -B-fV ^& d ®

©

ij- ^

-V M-^ ?

n

CN