FutureLofoten 2030: Lofoten airport as a regional growth generator

8/13/2019 FutureLofoten 2030: Lofoten airport as a regional growth generator

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FutureLofoten2030: Lofoten airport as a regional growth generator

Paal Henning Lkke / Morten Celius

Diploma - AHO - 2013


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Paal Lkke / Morten Celius

FutureLofoten - 2030: Lofoten Airport as a regional growth generator


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Airplanes and the STOL-network

Media analysis

Regional effects

Tourism and airfares

Fishing

Project drawings

Model

p. 3

p. 9

p. 17

p. 21

p. 29

p. 35

p. 47



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Airplanes and the STOL-network



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3I Sky Arrow

ATR 42

Bombardier Dash 8 Series 300

Champion Challenger

Helio Stallion

Piper PA-12

SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera

AAC Angel

ATR 72

Conroy Stolifter

IAI Arava

Piper PA-14

SIAI-Marchetti SM.1019

Aero Adventure Aventura II

Auster AOP.9

Britten-Norman Defender

de Havilland Canada Dash 7

IAR-822

Piper PA-16

Spectrum SA-550

Aero Commander 200

Australian Aircraft Kits Hornet

STOL

Britten-Norman Islander

de Havilland Canada DHC-1

Chipmunk

Kolb Mark III

Piper PA-18

Sukhoi Su-80

Aero Commander 560

Aviat Husky

Canaero Toucan


Beaver Mk 1

Lake LA-4-200 Buccaneer

Piper PA-23

Temco T-35 Buckaroo

Aero Commander Lark

Beagle Pup

Cessna 150


Beaver Mk III

Maule M-4

Piper PA-24-260 Comanche

Terzi T-9 Stiletto

Aeronca 11 Chief

Beechcraft Bonanza

Cessna 152


Otter

Maule M-5

Piper PA-32-300 Cherokee Six

Utva 66

Aeronca 15 Sedan

Beechcraft Debonair

Cessna 162


Caribou

Miles Aerovan

Piper PA-38 Tomahawk

Utva 75

Aeronca Champion 7AC

Beechcraft Musketeer Custom III

Cessna 172


Buffalo

Mooney M10

PZL-104 Wilga

Wassmer WA-80

Aerostar 600

Beechcraft Musketeer Sport III

Cessna 175


Twin Otter

Mooney M20E Chaparral

PZL-105 Flaming

Westland Skylander

Zlin Z-526



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STOL Airplanes for runways < 900 m

Air & Space 18A

Beechcraft Musketeer Super III

Cessna 177

Dornier Do 27

Mooney Mite M18

Quest Kodiak

Zenith STOL CH 701

American Champion Citabria

Beechcraft T-34 Mentor

Cessna 180

Dornier Do 28

Navion Rangemaster

Rockwell Commander 500

Zenith STOL CH 801

American Champion Decathlon

Beechcraft Twin Bonanza

Cessna 182

Erco Ercoupe

PAC Cresco

Ryan Navion

American Champion Scout

Bellanca 14-19

Cessna 185

Evangel 4500

PAC CT/4

Scottish Aviation Pioneer

Antonov An-14

Bellanca Viking

Cessna 188

Fisher Horizon

PAC P-750 XSTOL

Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer

Antonov An-28

Birdman 2S Chinook

Cessna 206

Great Lakes Sports Trainer

Peterson 260SE

Seawind 300C

Antonov An-72

Birdman WT-11 Chinook

Cessna 210

Grumman American AA-5

Traveler

Pilatus PC-6 Porter

Sherpa K650T

Atlas ACE


Cessna 337

Grumman Super Ag Cat

Piper J-3

Shinn-2150-A

Atlas Kudu


Cessna O-1

Helio Courier

Piper PA-11

Short SC.7 Skyvan

STOL (Short Take-off and landing) is a term used for aircraftsdesigned for short runways. These aircrafts are oftencargoplanes, military vessels or small passenger planes.There are some bigger passenger planes for commercialuse, but they have all gone out of production.

Diploma - AHO - 2013 5


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22 international and regional airports (incl. Longyearbyen)

25 STOL-ports

25 public airports

Leknes799 m

Svolvr876 m

Norway is characterized bycomplex terrain and weatherconditions. The norwegiangovernment decided during the1960s and 70s to establish a STOLnetwork to best serve the citiesand municipalites along the

coast. Until now, this service hasbeen performed by Widere.

Now that the planes used byWidere are out of production,the norwegian STOL-ports facea big challenge. The normalprocedure would be to extendthe runway, however this inmany cases might prove to beimpossible due to the norwegiantopography and internationalsafety requirements.

Lofoten is such a place. Todaythe region is served mainly bySvolvr and Leknes airport, bothSTOL-ports. Both have a runwayof approx. 900 meters. Theserunways have proven impossibleto extend su cciently, and Avinorhave suggested a new regionalairport with a 2000 meter runwaydesigned to operate mainstream jetcrafts with better reach.



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A runway safety area (RSA) or runway endsafety area (RESA) is de ned as the surfacesurrounding the runway prepared or suitablefor reducing the risk of damage to airplanesin the event of an undershoot, overshoot, orexcursion from the runway. (Wikipedia)

When investing in a new airport with arunway longer than 1,200 meters it demandsto meet international safety requirements. It istherefore more economically viable to buildrunways of 2,000 meters to accommodatethe most common aircraft types such asBoeing 737, having access to a larger marketof destinations and airlines.

=

Boeing 737-800W

Runway 2000 m

Runway > 1200 m

Runway < 1200 m



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Media analysis



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Avinors proposal of locationof a new regional airport atGimsya requires closure of theexisting Leknes and Svolvrairport. This proposal triggereda major debate in the media.We analyzed approx. 250articles that dealt with thematter and concluded that

almost all of the articles werepublished in local media, ofwhich two thirds of these inturn were only published inpaper format. This testi ed tolarge local engagement, butthat the issue did not reachthe publicoutside the region.

www.retriever.no



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National press

Local newspaper

News agency

1% 1%

Web

Paper

64%

36%

98%


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2012 2013

2 9 . 0 2 .1 2

0 1 . 0 3 .1 2

0 3 . 0 3 .1 2

0 6 . 0 3 .1 2

1 2 . 0 3 .1 2

1 6 . 0 4 .1 2

2 6 . 0 4 .1 2

2 9 . 0 4 .1 2

0 2 . 0 5 .1 2

0 9 . 0 5 .1 2

2 5 . 0 5 .1 2

Proposal for a new NationalTransport Plan is handed overfrom transportation agenciesand Avinor to the Ministries

Further away from thehospitalOdd Eskil Andersen

Direct ights to Oslo will be atotally different situationTove Bjrkmo

We recommend oneairport in Lofoten and one atHelgelandDag Falk Petersen

Easier and cheaper to y toand from LofotenEivind Holst

To shut down Leknesairport would mean theend of pharmaceuticalmanufacturing in Nordlad Jim Roger Nordly

The siteis a veryimportantspot for birdsJohan Sirnes

Never before has itbeen a total repeal ofconservationIngunn Iversen

Gimsy is the mosturealistic alternativeKai Olav Fredriksen

A airport run on acommersial basis isunrealisticPl Krger

One commonairpost will result inincrease in tourismRichard Kongsteien

Gimsy isprobably the worstlocation for a newairportJohn Stenersen

Gimsy is has i richand varied birdlifeJohn Stenersen

The county councilrecommends to continueplanning with the aim ofbuilding a new airport inGimsy Fylkesrdet

2 0 . 0 2 .1 3

1 2 . 0 9 .1 1

No problem with 2000mrunway at LeknesJonny Finstad

Transport+AirportMay Valle

Municipal election

2 5 . 0 8 .1 1

Media coverage timeline

Deadline for thesubmission of a newnational transport ispostponed to April

Vestvgy and Vgan disagreesin the Lofoten Council onsupporting Avinors applicationfor 6 billion more from thegovernment.

It would signal the accroval ofa public airport in GimsyJonny Finstad

I would say that anairport on Gimsy is moreimportant than oil andgasEivind Holst

It is competition andnot cooperation thatcharacterizes therelationship betweenVestvgy and VganGeir Vinsand

We expect that Minister of theEnvironment ensures that theairport plans on Gimsya arestoppedNOF

NTP 2014 - 2023is released

2 9 .1 0 .1 2

2 8 .1 1 .1 2



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As part of themedia analysis welisted all individualswho were quotedin the media. Wecategorized themaccording tohome municipality,political positions,environmentalinterests andeconomic

interests. The mostprominent factorwas their homemunicipality.

LivL. Skjnns

Tove Bjrkmo

Geir Waage

Hugo Bjrnstad

Terje MoeGustavsen

Jann-ArneLvdahl

Rolf Hartviksen

Dag Falk-Petersen

MargretheSnekkerbakken

Jon Sjlander Barry Larsen Rolf Grimsrud

Holger Pedersen

Brge IversenTor Andersen

GuriIngebrigtsen

Hilde RdsJohnsen

Gunnar Rofstad Jan-EirikHanssen

Roger Mosseng Lars Erik Nermo Svein Helland

Jim-RaymondOlaisen

Torbjrn Naimak

Jan-WilliamPleym Ludvigsen

KetilBenjaminsen

Jarle RobertSolberg

Johan Sirnes Kjetil Aa.Solbakken

MalfredSlydalRichardKongsteien

Henrik Johansen Kjersti ElineTnnesen Busch

Ove Narvesen Arne H. Reiersen Ole MartinHammer

LillianRasmussen

Bjrn HugoBendiksen

Ivar Kristiansen

Ola Skjeseth Gard Nybro-Nielsen

Bjrn Kjensli

JesperRungholm

TrondSolem

Erik Skarstein

Geir Solheim

Ruben Jensen

Ann-HegeLervg

Tone MayNordstrand

Erik Lahnstein

Ingunn Iversen Stein Terje Dahl Sigvald RistJohn Stenersen Svein ErikDrechsler

Torbjrn LotheBjrn Opsahl Rolf G.Nicolaisen

Alf Lie

KjellOlavHalland

Steinar Friis

Geir Pollestad

ElisabethHoland

KaiOlavFredriksen

MayValle

Erling Solvang

Arne IvarMikalsen

Gran .Rasmussen

Gryland

Terje Wiik Jonny Finstad

Jim RogerNordly

PlKrger

Brge Larsen

EivindHolst

RichardSandnes

KaiHenriksen

TommyStensvik

Allan Ellingsen

Kjell-BrgeFreiberg

Odd-EskilAndersen

KennethSvendsen

EspenThorvaldsen

Tore Nyster

Sren FredrikVoie

FritsBlix Hansen

MarianneBremnes

JensJohan HjortOle-HenrikHjarty

Arn nn Ellingsen

Knut ArildHareide

Peter EideWalseth

Frode Hov Elisabeth Dreyer

Jan EivindFredly

Arnt M.Winther

Per Lillemark

LailaDavidsen

Positive

Neutral

Negative


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North NorwayOther

Svolvr

Leknes

The various municipalitiesshow very different viewson the development in themedia. It is clear that theadministrative boundariesplay an important role,which could weakenprogress in terms of Lofotenas a region.

A new regional airportcan be a major boost as agrowth generator, and cancatalyze a broad varietyof new developments inLofoten.

www.retriever.nowww.skattelister.no

Vry761 inhabitants

Rst612 inhabitants

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Moskenes1 130 inhabitants

Flakstad1 369 inhabitants

Vestvgy10 674 inhabitants

Vgan9 023 inhabitants

Hadsel8 028 inhabitants


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Regional effects



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Gimsy

Leknes

84%

Svolvr Gimsya is located betweenLofotens only two cities,Leknes and Svolvr. Theirmunicipalities, Vgan andVestvgy, account for 84 %of Lofotens total population.With the suggested roaddevelopment the traveltime by car to these citieswill be approx. 25 minutes.

50 km



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Vrya

Srvgen / Moskenes

Reine

Sund

Ballstad

Ure

Nusfjord

Til Bod Til Bod

E6

Til Rst

Ramberg

Napp

Gravdal

Leknes

Tangstad

Eggum

Borgvr

Havn

Bstad

Stamsund

Lvdal

Gimsya

Henningsvr

Lyngvrstranda

Revsya

Vret

Kabelvg

Laukvika

Fiskebl

Hanya

Hennes

Stokmarknes

Melbu

Svolvr

Skutvik

Eide

Fredvang

Vikten

Til Bod

240

Valen/Pundslett

Gimsya - Leknes:25 minutes!

Gimsy - Svolvr:25 minutes!

Leknes - Srvgen:45 minutes!

60 minutes by car

50 km



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Present situation

Population 230

Phase 3

Population 1840

Phase 5

Population 7360

An example of exponential growthof the building mass at Gimsy witha linear relation to population andgrowth factor of 2.

In phase 5 Gimsy will have reacheda population comparable to Vganand Vestvgy municipality.

1 : 500 000



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Tourism and airfares



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Lodging in Lofoten by type ofaccommodation and purpose oftravel.

Hotelaccommodation

Camping/cabinaccommodation

Purpose of travel

Course / conference

Norwegians Norwegians Holiday / leisureForeigners Foreigners Work



22

50 000 50 00020 00020 00020 000 50 000

January JanuaryJanuary December December December


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-5% -5%

5% 5%

10% 10%

15% 15%

-10%

-15%

-10%

-15%

Hotel accommodation Cabin/campingaccommodation

-10%

10%

20%

30%

-20%

-30%

Lodging in LofotenPurpose of travel

TromsLofoten

BodTromsLofoten

BodCourse / conferenceHoliday / leisure

Work

0% 0% 0%



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With the currentalternatives Lofoten isboth an expensive andtime consuming goalfor travelling. A newand more effectiveconnection will makeLofoten more attractivefor weekend travelersand the business market.The current situationwith low capacitymakes it dif cult totransport large groups,which is a challengefor the course andconference industry. In

addition, the businesseswant activities alreadythe rst day, whichis dif cult with thecurrent ways of travel.



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With a newregional airport at

Gimsy

Oslo - Bangkok Oslo - NY Oslo - Rome

Leknes

Leknes Svolvr

Svolvr

Flight to Bod,transfer to ferry to

Svolvr

Flight to Bod,transfer to ferry

to

0

1:00

1:30

2:00

2:30

3:00

3:30

4:00

4:30

5:00

5:30

6:00

6:30

7:00

7:30

8:00

8:30

9:00

0:30

Flight to Bod,transfer to

Svolvr / Leknes

Flight to Evenes,to Lofoten by car

Leknes

Svolvr


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A new main airport in Lofoten will increase theavailability and range for travelers. You willbe able to travel directly to and from Lofotenfrom all over Europe. The Norwegian Instituteof Transport Economics have concludedthat better availability and new aircrafts willrepresent a saving in travel time of 60 minuteseach way compared to the best alternativeavailable today, as well as a seat price thatis 750 NOK lower. This has the potential togenerate tourist travels both domestic andinternational.

Source: TI-report 1132/2011

-120 min -6000 NOK

Charter Regular routes



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20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

180 000

200 000

220 000Touristovernight staysin lofoten 2012,by nationality.

Source: ssb.no

N/A



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Fishing



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Despite the introductionof quotas in 1990, thetotal catch in Norwaycontinued to increase.This regulation is criticizedbecause it favors the bigcompanies with the mosteffective shing gear suchas bottom-trawlers. This has

led to a continuation of thedecline of employment inthe shing industry, bothin terms of the number of

shing boats and crew.

www.ssb.no

The number of shermenand shing vessels havedeclined dramaticallydue to modernization ofthe shing eet and the

introduction of shingquotas. It is unlikely thatthis will be reversed infavor of tradition, due toeconimical advantages.The result is fewer small

shing boats and morebig trawlers. The result ismany of those who usedto work at sea now areworking in production andprocessing plants ashore.

1945

0 0

37 500 750 000

75 000 1 500 000

112 500

150 000

2 250 000

3 000 000

1965 19851950 1970 19901955 1975 1995 20051960 1980 2000 2010

Fishermen

Total catch(tonns)

Fishing vessels

Total catch(tonns)

Fishermen /Fishing vessels



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Fish export from Lofoten.

www.ra sklaget.no

Mainland Lofoten

Vry + Rst

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

Pelagic sh Cod and codspecies

Flat anddemearsal sh



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10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

121110987654321

Export routes

Lofotens shing industry isby far the largest industry inthe region (www.ssb.no). It ishighly susceptible to seasonal

uctuations due to the codsspawning period, resulting in

many seasonal workers andfew permanent residents. TheNorwegian Institute of Food

Research have lately hadvery good results in researchon the storage of live cod,also called cod farming.By storing live wild sh it ispossible to harvest and export

cod throughout the year andensuring a year-round industrywith xed, regular income.



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Mainland Lofoten

Vry + Rst

A new main airport has thepotential to transport fresh codabroad with direct ights. Withan ef cient production linebased on live storage of cod itis possible to offer fresh cod all

year round and not just in thespring when the price is at thelowest. You will be able to reachcountries in Europe and Asiawhich are important markets forfresh cod. Export of sh accountfor 80% of all exports by air fromNorway (SITMA rapport 090912).It will also eliminate almost allfreight of sh by car to Oslo.



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Project drawings


F t L f t 2030 L f t Ai t i l th t


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1 : 40 000 1 km

E10 - Leknes

Fish landing

Hoven-

368 m

Sandsmannen

-568 m

LofotenGolfLinks

Saupstad

Vinje

rrstranda

Vik

Sand

YtreBarstrand

HovHovsund

Storknubben-

599 m

Barstrandtinden-

600 m

Svarttinden-

696 m

Skjolden-

544 m

Persatinden-

578 m

Haugen wastedisposal site

E10 - Svolvr 1 : 20 000 2 kmPaal Lkke / Morten Celius


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PROJECT STATEMENTLofoten Airport at Gimsy combines the function as a regional airportwith a sh processing plant designed for export. The manufacturingprocess and export is located directly at the airport and providesa rapid and ef cient production line, which is valuable for exportproducts of fresh cod. In addition, tourists and travelers have theopportunity to get a glimpse of local industry based on Lofotensmost important resource: the sea.

The main building houses both a terminal and a processing plant.It consists of a laminated wooden structure of columns and beamsin a triangulated grid. This ensures a homogenous roof deck whichopens up the view of the northern lights, the nature and the sky.In addition, it provides daylight in even the deepest parts of thevolume. The grid meets the oor by a rectangular grid of six-armedcolumns. This contributes to a exible plan, which is importantfor both the production facilities and the terminal since both are

exposed to potential changes in equipment, room program andproduction or transportation line. The grid can also be extended inboth directions so that both the terminal and the processing plantcan grow independently.

Todays ights in and out of Lofoten have a high frequency toBod, but for travelers outside Nordland county, it is both expensiveand time consuming. The aircrafts that currently land at Svolvrand Leknes are all gone out of production, and when none of theexisting runways can be extended suf ciently one must look for newsolutions.

Avinor wants to build a 2000 meter runway that can operatemore mainstream jetcrafts, and establish direct ights to Oslo andEurope. They have concluded that Gimsya is the only possiblelocation suitable for take-off and landing in relation to topography.

In addition Gimsya is located in between the two existing airportsand Lofotens only two cities, Leknes and Svolvr. These citiesbelong to two municipalities that make up 85 % of the inhabitants ofLofoten. The proposal involves the closure of todays two airports bycommercial and economical considerations. Their report caused alocal media debate during the spring of 2012 that involved manydifferent actors. The fear of losing the current frequency of ights toand from Bod to a new airport twenty minutes away in anothermunicipality, was the biggest factor for negativity.

The new airport will provide the region with new and betteravailability for larger aircrafts, shorter travel times and lower seatprices. This will increase the potential for development of tourismand the shing industry, Lofoten s two biggest industries. Both aretoday struggling with large seasonal variations, which a new mainairport will help to equalize.

The potential for year-round tourism is de nitely present, and thereare many exciting projects currently in development. The demandexists, but availability is lacking. With improved accessibility therewill be opportunities for weekend charter tourism, business trips andother activities that create diversity in the market and contribute toyear-round tourism.

The shing industry also has seasonal uctuations. The cod shinglasts from January to April and is de nitely the biggest goods from

sh exported from Lofoten. The rest of the year is characterized bylow income and few employees. The demand for cod is increasingboth from Europe and the rest of the world, and the price of cod ispeaking in autumn. By storing fresh wild cod and utilizing ef cienttransport, one can develop the shing industry in order to meet thedemand.


FutureLofoten 2030: Lofoten Airport as a regional growth generator


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Situation plan

1 : 2 000 100 m



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Equinox Summer solstice Winter solstice

Lofoten is located north of the Arctic Circle andis characterized by highly variable sun conditionsthroughout the year. In summer you will experienceperiods of midnight sun, while in winter it can be

total darkness. It varies between 0 and 24 daylighthours. The solar angle from the south varies from 2to 45.

Many smaller airports may be perceived as moreor less standardized buildings, and provide littleor no experience of the place you are. Lofotensbeautiful and unique scenery, as well as varyinglight conditions, is the inspiration for a transparentbuilding where you always relate to the outside.The roof structure allows the experience of theaurora borealis, and lets in daylight in even thedeepest parts of the building.

The construction consists of laminated elementsin a column - beam structure. The six-armed pillarsact as a mediator between the triangulatedroof structure and the rectangular column grid.This provides a homogeneous roof surface thatcatches light from different angles. The rectangularcolumn grid allows exible programming of boththe terminal and the processing plant.

The construction can be extended in bothdirections taking into account any extension of theterminal or the production facilities.




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Entrance /exit hall

Check-incounter

Customs

Luggagecarousel

VacuumingPost-

processing

Apron

Apron

PackingDespatch

Baggagedrop

Washing

Luggageholding area

Filleting

Heading /gutting

Domesticgate lounge

Bar

Slaughtering

ApronApron

Preparation

Int.gate loungeTax-free

Fishreceival

Storage

Storage

Storage

Securityscan

Eateries

Retail




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1 : 40020 m

A A

B

B

Ground oor



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1st oor

A A

B

B

1 : 40020 m




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1 : 20010 m

A : A

1 : 20010 m

B : B


Paal Lkke / Morten Celius 44


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1 : 40020 m

1 : 40020 m

Southwest elevation

Southeast elevation

p g g g



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Model




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p g g g

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FutureLofoten 2030: Lofoten airport as a regional growth generator

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