Future Supply of Biomass for Energy: Sources, Quantities...
Transcript of Future Supply of Biomass for Energy: Sources, Quantities...
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Future Supply of Biomass for Energy:
Sources, Quantities and Costs
Bo Hektor, TallOil AB, SwedenMay 31, 2006
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Global biomass potentials are large -but need to be developed
434111
137
North AmericaJapan
0 0 0 0
Near East &North Africa
1 2 32 39
W.Europe0 1432 40
harves ting res idues
bioenergy crops
Oceania
1560
100125
E.Europe1 8 14 17
East Asia10
21
178221
410
sub-SaharanAfrica
41
149
331
Caribean &Latin America
178
253315
46
268
111 136
CIS &Baltic States
South Asia
1421
2124
434111
137
North AmericaJapan
0 0 0 0
Near East &North Africa
1 2 32 39W.Europe0 1432 40
harves ting res idues
bioenergy crops
Oceania
1560
100125
E.Europe1 8 14 17
East Asia10
21
178221
410
sub-SaharanAfrica
41
149
331
Caribean &Latin America
178
253315
46
268
111 136
CIS &Baltic States
South Asia
1421
2124
Agricultural land: <100- >300 EJMarginal lands: <60- 150 EJAgri residues: 15-70 EJForest residues: <30-150 EJDung: 5-55 EJOrganic waste: 5 - >50 EJTOTAL: < 250 - > 500 EJ
From IEA Bioenergy Task 40
500 EJ ~
180 000 TWh
Sweden 625 TWh
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Agricultural land (1)
• Dedicated Energy Plantations– Single Purpose Plantations
• Eucalyptus• Acacia (N-fixing species)• Salix
– Multiple Purposes• Sugar cane• Sweet sorghum• Jatropa
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Agricultural Land (2)
• Agroforestry
– Shifting fallow– Shelter belts– Shelter trees
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Marginal Lands
• Former forest land• Depleted agricultural land• Arid land
Can produce biomass +environmental values e.g. soilconservation/improvement, erosioncontrol, flood control
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Agricultural residues
• Straw• Palm oil kernels, etc• Olive kernels, etc.• Rice husks, etc.• Oil seed shells, etc.• Pruning residues• and a wide range of others
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Organic waste and Dung
• (not covered in this presentation)
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Transport Costs(general example)
Lorry 200 km € 20/ton
Rail-way 600 km € 20/ton
Ocean ship 10 000 km € 20/ton
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Prediction
• Therefore,– Biomass fuels will be traded in a global
market– Tropical countries will (within 15-25 years
time) be the dominant large scale suppliersof biomass fuels in the markets; also localmarkets will co-exist where conditionspermit
– A wide range of biomass fuels will becomeavailable in the market.
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Winners
• Those, who can integrate efficientcombustion technology withacquisition of cheap, reliable fuels.
• Those, who can master systemanalyses and implementation ofintegrated solutions(business/technology)
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Wood versus OilPrincipal Calculation
• 1 barrel oil (70 $) 6,12 GJ• 1 ton wood substance (odt) 17 GJ• 0,47 ton wood(+bark)substance = 1 m3s• 1 m3s(+bark) 8 GJ• 1 m3s/1 barrel oil 1.3
• Energy value of 1m3s 91$
• Price of pulp wood 1m3s 34 $