Future Solutions Training Center -...

Future Solutions Training Center

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Laboratory (ISO170252005)

25 –29 Dec, 2016

SAHARA Petrochemical Company.

Developed and Presented by: Mr. Zuhair Atabny

Experience the Difference

Coral Hotel / Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia 8: 00 am. To 3: 00 pm.

Break Time

Mobile Silent Status

Attendance

Participation

Understanding Others

Ground Rules


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Participants’ Introduction

• Name

• Company / Dept. / Div.

• Job Title

• No. of Service Years

• How can you describe your self?

Proposed Daily Schedule

Session # 1 08:00 – …….

Break

Session # 2

Short Break

Session # 3

Prayer/Lunch Break

Session # 4


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Laboratory Management System

Understanding & implementation of ISO/IEC 17025:2005

in Calibration and Testing Laboratories

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Laboratory Management System

Understanding & implementation of

ISO/IEC 17025:2005

in Calibration and Testing Laboratories


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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005.

WHAT IS ISO ?

•ISO -Greek word “isos” means “equal”, pronunciation

“eye-soh”

•ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards

• from more than 140 countries , called “International

• Organization for Standardization”.

•ISO is a non-governmental organization established

• in1947 with head quarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

•IEC-International Electro technical Committee

•17025-is the number

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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005.

Benefits of ISO 17025 Accreditation

•A systematic approach to control all its processes and well defined

procedures and supporting documentation.

•Achieve international recognition of its technical competence, gain the

confidence of customers and interested parties, as well as open doors to

new market both locally and international.

•Greater quality awareness amongst employees and reduced defects,

scraps, rework failures and service recovery.

•Have a better corporate image in the eyes of regulators, customers,

employees as well as the society at large.

•Savings in terms of time and money due to reduction or elimination of the

need for re-testing of products

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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005. Benefits of ISO 17025 Accreditation

•Better control of laboratory operations and feedback to laboratories as to

whether they have sound Quality Assurance System and are technically

competent.

•Control laboratory methods variation.

•Increase of confidence in Testing / Calibration data and personnel

performing work.

•Validity and appropriateness of test methods.

•Traceability of measurements and calibrations to national standards.

•Suitability, calibration and maintenance of test equipment & Testing

environment.

•Sampling, handling and transportation of test items, Quality assurance of

test and calibration data. Potential increase in business due to enhanced

customer confidence and satisfaction.

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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005.

Application of ISO 17025:2005

ISO/IEC 17025:2005 is for use by

laboratories in developing their management

system for quality, administrative and technical

operations.

Laboratory customers, regulatory authorities and accreditation

bodies may also use it in confirming or recognizing the competence

of laboratories.

ISO/IEC17025:2005/NABL is not intended to be used as the basis

for certification of laboratories.


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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005.

Who should go for 17025 Accreditation?

ISO/IEC17025:2005 is applicable to all

laboratories regardless of the number of

personnel or the extent of the scope of

testing and/or calibration activities.

When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the

activities covered by ISO/IEC17025:2005 ,such as sampling

and the design/development of new methods , the

requirements of those clauses do not apply.

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NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR TESTING AND

CALIBRATION LABORATORIES (NABL)

is an autonomous body

registered under Societies Act in1992

under the aegis of Department of Science &

Technology.


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NABL –FUNCTIONING ROLE IN INDIA

Grants accreditation in almost all areas of science, engineering and

medical testing.

The international standards followed are :

ISO 15189:2007 (for Medical Testing) ,

ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (for Testing, calibration) &

ISO 17043:2010 (for PT providers) Proficiency Testing Provider

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Background-ISO/IEC 17025

ISO/IEC

Guide 25

-1990

1980 1990 2000

ISO/IEC

17025

-1999

ISO/IEC

17025

-2005

ISO/IEC

Guide 25

-1982

ISO/IEC

Guide 25

-1978

ISO 9000

series

-2000

ISO 9000

series

-1987

ISO 9000

series

-1994

ISO TC /176

1982

Development of ISO/IEC 17025

Development of ISO 9000 Series

ISO 9000

series

-2008

2010


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Overview

ISO/IEC 17025 - 2005.

General requirements for

competence of testing and

calibration laboratories.

ISO/IEC 17025 :2005 :

• meets the principles of ISO 9001 : 2000.

• covers several technical competency requirements

that are not covered by ISO 9001:2000.

• Does not cover compliance with regulatory and safety

requirements on the operation of the laboratory

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1 Scope

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Management requirements

5 Technical requirements

Annexes

A: Cross-references to ISO 9001:2000

B: Guidelines for establishing specific requirements for laboratory competence.

Structure of ISO/IEC 17025


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Requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 : 2005

4. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Organization

4.2 Management system

4.3 Document control

4.4 Request, tender and contract review

4.5 Sub-contracting of tests and calibrations

4.6 Purchasing services and supplies

4.7 Service to the customer

4.8 Complaints

4.9 Control of nonconforming testing and/or calibration work

4.10 Improvement

4.11 Corrective action

4.12 Preventive action

4.13 Records

4.14 Internal audits

4.15 Management reviews

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5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General

5.2 Personnel

5.3 Accommodation and environmental conditions

5.4 Test and calibration methods and method validation

5.5 Equipment

5.6 Measurement traceability

5.7 Sampling

5.8 Handling and transportation of test and calibration items

5.9 Assuring the quality of test and calibration results

5.10 Reporting the results.

Requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (Contd.)


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Covers General Requirements of Laboratory performing Testing and

calibrations using -

• Standard methods,

• Non standard methods

• Laboratory-developed methods

Scope of ISO/IEC 17025

Applicable to all organizations performing tests and/or calibrations,

These include, for example,

First-party, second party

and third-party, and where testing and/or

calibrations forms part of inspections and

product verifications.

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THE INTERNATIONAL PICTURE

ILAC

EA APLAC IAAC

SADCA

• NABL, India

NABL ,as an accreditation body, operates its own system as per ISO/IEC 17011 . NABL is signatory to APLAC / ILAC Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRA) since 2000 after its first evaluation by APLAC . Second & Third evaluation by APLAC in 2004 & 2008 respectively. Fourth evaluation Completed in Sep. 2012,next is due in 2016.

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Management System : Quality, Administrative and technical systems that governs the

operations of a laboratory.

Accreditation : Assurance of Competency to perform operations.

Definitions

Calibration : Calibration is set of operations which under specified conditions, establish the relationship between values indicated by measuring system and the corresponding known values of a measurand.

It is essentially comparison with higher standard which is traceable to national / international standard

Testing : Examination of a product design, product , service , process or plant and

determination of their conformity with specific requirements or on the basis of professional

judgment, general requirements.


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Definitions

Quality- Good quality does not necessarily mean high quality.

Instead it means a predicable degree of uniformity and

dependability at low cost with a quality suited to the market (Deming)

Degree to which a set of inherent characteristics

fulfils requirements(ISO 9001;2008)

Quality Assurance-“part of quality management focused on providing

confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled” (ISO 9001:2008)

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Should be a legal identity

If Laboratory is part of a larger organization having

activities other than calibration or testing, responsibilities of

key laboratory personnel shall be defined in order to

identify conflicts of interest.

Can be operated from Permanent facilities, at sites, or in

associated temporary or mobile facilities.

4.1 Organization


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Laboratory shall have

• Managerial and technical personnel with authority

and resources

• Personnel free from pressures and influences.

• Policy & Procedure to Protect customer‟s confidential information

including results.

• Policy & Procedure to safeguard competence, impartially, operational

integrity.

• Defined organization structure

• Adequate supervision

• Technical management – overall responsibility of technical operations.

• Quality manager-responsibility of implementation of management system.

4.1 Organization

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• Establish and maintain a management system

appropriate to the scope of its activities.

• Document its policies, system,

programs procedures and instructions to the extent necessary to

assure the quality of test / Calibration results.

• A Quality Policy statement and objectives shall be defined.

• Top management roles and responsibilities for meeting system

requirements including commitment to good professional practices

• Quality System Documentation : Quality manual, procedures,

structure, roles and responsibility of technical management and

Quality manager

4.2 Management system


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Purpose of implementation of Management Systems

The basic purpose of any calibration / Testing laboratory is to

provide to it„s Customers, reliable results.

R ± U

Where,

R is the reported value , U is the associated uncertainty at a

specified confidence level

Various requirements of management system as per clause 4

& 5 of ISO/IEC 17025 enable to achieve the above on an

ongoing basis

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Establish and maintain Procedure to control all the documents

(Externally/internally generated).

• Document approval and issue

• Document changes

Additional requirements for Labs:

• Master list of documents (suggested)

• Document identification shall include

– date of issue and/or revision identification

– page numbering

– the total number of pages or a mark to signify the end of the document,

– issuing authority.

4.3 Document control

Controls required are similar to ISO 9001


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• Procedures for

• Defining, documenting and understanding the testing requirements including

test methods

• Confirming that the Laboratory has the capability & resource to meet the

requirements

• Selection of Appropriate Test / Calibration method which is capable of

meeting Customer‟s requirement.

• Any difference between request or tender and contracts shall be

resolved before start of work

• Records of review, including any significant changes shall be

maintained

• Review should also cover any work that is sub-contracted

• Customer shall be informed of any deviation from contract

4.4 Review of requests, Tenders and Contracts

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• Laboratory can subcontract work because of

work load increase

temporary in-capability,

need for other expertise or

continuing basis through permanent arrangements

• Work can only be subcontracted to competent laboratory

• Customer has to be informed regarding subcontracting

• The laboratory shall always remain responsible for subcontractor‟s

work

4.5 Sub contracting of tests & calibrations


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• Laboratory has to ensure that the quality of consumables such

as reagents that are used for testing / calibration are of

appropriate quality

• Laboratory can ensure the quality through

Inspection of the consumables

Other forms of verification

Evaluating suppliers of consumables (mandatory for critical consumables)

• The laboratory needs to maintain records of inspection,

verification, purchase orders describing specifications and other

quality requirements, and records of supplier evaluations

4.6 Purchasing services & supplies

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• Laboratory shall be willing to co-operate with the customer in

clarifying his request and in monitoring laboratory's performance in

relation to work performed.

• Laboratory shall obtain customer feedback, use and analyze this

feedback to improve management system and customer service.

4.7 Service to the customer


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• Laboratory shall have Policy & Procedure for resolution of

complaints received from customers and other parties.

• Record shall be maintained of all complaints, investigations,

and corrective actions taken

4.8 Complaints

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• The Laboratory needs to have procedures to deal with situations

when any aspect of its work or test / calibration results do not confirm

to its own procedure or with customer requirements

• The procedure needs to

Define who will be responsible to handle the non conforming work after it is

detected

Provide for an evaluation of significance of non-conforming work – criticality

analysis

Provide for immediate Corrections to deal with the situation

Provide for Informing customer if necessary and recall any issued reports etc

Evaluate need for Corrective actions if the non conformity is estimated to recur

frequently

4.9 Control of non-conforming testing / calibration work.


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4.10 Improvement

Similar to ISO 9001, the Laboratory‟s

Quality System shall continually improve

its effectiveness through the application

of

Quality Policy / Objective.

Audit Results / Management Review

Analysis of data , corrective / preventive

actions

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• The Laboratory needs to establish policy and procedure for

implementing corrective action when non-conforming work has

been identified or departure from policies and procedure in

management systems or technical operation has been observed

• The requirements for taking Corrective and Preventive actions are

similar to ISO 9001. Steps include

Root cause analysis

Identification and selection of potential corrective actions for elimination of

problem and to prevent recurrence.

Documenting and implementing any change resulting from corrective action

Monitoring of corrective actions

Monitoring effectiveness.

• ISO 17025 recommends additional internal audits in case

identification of any non-conformance or departures casts doubts

on laboratories compliance with its own policies and procedure

4.11 Corrective action


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• Laboratory shall identify the improvements needed and the

potential sources of non-conformance

• Develop action plans to reduce the likelihood of re ocurrence

• Application of controls to ensure that they are effective.

4.12 Preventive action

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• Establish and maintain Procedure to control records

• Controls required are similar to ISO 9001

• ISO 17025 additionally requires the following

Procedures to protect and back up electronically stored records and

prevent unauthorized access

All records to be held securely and in confidence

4.13 Control of records


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• Laboratory must retain the following technical information:

Records of original observations /derived data,

Calibration records

Staff records

Copy of each test / calibration reports issued

Uncertainty records

Records of persons who carried out the test

• All recording to be done immediately

• Errors / mistakes shall not be erased / replaced, but crossed out

and new value entered by the side

4.13.2 Technical records

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Some Important records that need to be maintained during

implementation of ISO /IEC 17025

Administrative and Quality System Records.

1) Document control Records.

2) Contract Review Records.

3) Subcontracting Records.

4) Purchasing Records.

5) Customer feedback and analysis Records.

6) Complaint Records.

7) Non-conforming work Records.

8) Improvement records.

9) Corrective and preventive actions Record.

10) Internal Audit Records

11) Management Review Records.

Technical System Records.

1) Personnel Records.

2) Environmental Records.

3) Calibration/ Test observations / Raw Data/

int.check records.

4) Measurement Uncertainty Records.

5) Computer /Software related Records.

6) Equipment Records/Traceability Records

7) Sampling Records

8) Handling - receipt to dispatch- Records.

9) Quality Assurance Records.

10) Test reports/Calibration Certificates.

11) Retention Record for Documents /Samples


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• Internal Audit shall be conducted on predetermined schedule to

verify that its operations comply with requirements of its

Management system and all elements of ISO 17025 requirements

• Quality manager is responsible for internal audits

• Audit shall be carried out by trained and qualified personnel

independent of activity to be audited.

• When audit findings cast doubt on effectiveness of operations or

on the correctness or validity of lab. results, laboratory shall take

timely corrective action.

4.14 Internal audits

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• Laboratory's Top Management shall periodically conduct a

review of lab‟s management system

• Review Inputs are similar to ISO 9001, except the following

additional inputs:

reports from managerial and supervisory personnel;

assessments by external bodies

the results of inter-laboratory comparisons or proficiency tests

changes in the volume and type of the work

quality control activities, resources and staff training.

• Findings from management reviews shall be recorded and

actions taken in agreed timescale

4.15 Management reviews


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Technical Requirements

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5.1 General

• The Laboratory must identify factors, which determine the

correctness and reliability of test and calibration results and

factors that contribute to uncertainty of measurement.

• These factors must be accounted

in developing test/calibration methods,

during training and qualification of personnel, and

in selection and calibration of equipment it uses.


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Major Sources of Uncertainties

I – Instrument ( 5.5)

1 – Instrumental Error Acceptance

Norm.

2 – Uncertainty of calibration

3 – Instrumental Resolution.

4 – Repeatability. ( Type A )

W – Work piece ( 5.7 , 5.8)

1 – Non-homogeneity of test material

2 – Instrumental Resolution

(When instrument is under

calibration)

P – Person (5.2) / Procedure (5.4)

1 – Repeatability ( Type A )

(Skill of operator for positioning and

measuring pressure etc.)

S – Standard ( 5.5 & 5.6 )

1 – Un-compensated Dev. from

nominal value.

2 – Uncertainty of calibration.

3 – Non-homogeneity ( Type A ).

E – Environmental Factors (5.3)

Temperature control limits

Temperature variation.

Humidity.

Cleanliness ( Type A ).

Vibration ( Type A ).

S W I P E

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• A laboratory can use personnel either employed or under

contract

• However it must ensure that personnel are competent to perform

their respective task

• The laboratory is required to formulate goals with respect to

education, training and skills of personnel.

• The laboratory must have procedures for trainings. The

effectiveness of the training actions taken shall be evaluated.

• Job descriptions are required to be maintained for all laboratory

persons.

• A formal system of authorization of personnel is required for

specific tasks such as performing tests, issue of reports, giving

opinions & interpretations

5.2 Personnel


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• The laboratory needs to ensure that facilities and

environmental conditions do not adversely affect tests or

calibrations.

• Particular care is necessary for sampling and testing /

calibration at off-site locations

• Some tests / calibrations require specified environmental

conditions. The laboratory must monitor that these conditions

are met and not proceed if the conditions are not met.

• In some types of tests, effective separation of Test /

calibration area may be required

• Access to areas affecting quality should be controlled.

• The laboratory should install measures for good house

keeping

5.3 Accommodation and environmental conditions.

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5.4 Test and calibration methods and method validations

• The laboratory should normally carry out tests or calibrations using

„Standard methods‟. These are methods published in national /

International standards, reputable technical organizations, or in relevant

scientific texts or journals, or as specified by the manufacturer of the

equipment

• Methods cover sampling, handling, transport, storage and preparation of

items to be tested and/or calibrated, and, where appropriate, an estimation

of the measurement uncertainty

• Laboratory can also use self developed methods for its own use

• Non-standard method, can be used for performing tests / calibrations for

customers but these need to be approved by him

• Laboratory developed methods and non standard methods require

validation

• Validation can be carried out through calibration with reference materials,

inter-lab comparisons, systematic evaluation of influencing factors


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• Laboratory shall be furnished with all items for sampling, measurement, and test

equipment required for correct performance for test/calibration. .

• Equipment

shall be capable of achieving the accuracy required

shall comply with specification relevant to tests / or calibrations concerned.

shall be calibrated .

• Laboratory must allow use of equipment to authorized persons only

• The operating instrumentation shall be available

• There should be unique identification of each item of equipment.

• The Equipment History record must include

• Identification

• Manufacturer‟s name, type identification, sr. No. Etc.

• Dates, results and copies of report and certificates of calibration, adjustment,

• Acceptance criteria, and due date of next calibration.

• Maintenance plan , date of maintenance.

• Details of any damage , malfunctioning or repairs

5.5 Equipment

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Other requirements with respect to equipment are:

• A procedure for safe handling / transportation /

storage /use and planned maintenance to prevent

deterioration.

• Removing from service, those equipments, which give,

suspected results or have been mishandled

• Examining the impact of defects and Non-conforming test/ calibration

on previous results

• Identification of the Calibration status through labeling of equipment

• Intermediate checks to maintain confidence in the calibration status.

• Safeguarding from adjustments which would invalidate the tests

and/or calibration results.

5.5 Equipment


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• All equipment used for tests / calibrations, having an effect on

validity of results shall be calibrated.

• Laboratory should have established program and procedures for

calibration Program for calibration shall be designed to ensure that

measurements are traceable to the international system of

units (SI) by reference to national measurement standards

• Calibration services from laboratories that can demonstrate

competence, measurement capability and traceability.

• When traceability is not possible, other methods permitted:

Use of certified reference material provided by competent supplier & specified

methods.

Use of specified methods and/or consensus standards

• Reference standards shall be calibrated, made traceable to SI units,

• Reference material should be traceable to SI units or certified reference material

• Intermediate checks for maintaining confidence in calibration status of reference

5.6 Measurement traceability

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• The laboratory should have sampling plans & procedure for

sampling when it is responsible for carrying out sampling

• The sampling process shall address the factors to be controlled

to ensure the validity of test and calibration results

• Related data and operations related to sampling that forms a

part of testing and calibration should be recorded properly.

5.7 Sampling


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• The laboratory should have a procedure for transportation /

handling / storage / disposal of test / calibration items

• In case any abnormalities / departures from normal

functioning or normal conditions are observed these shall

be recorded.

• There should be a Procedure for avoiding deterioration,

loss or damage to Test / calibration item while it is in the

custody of the laboratory

5.8 Handling of test / calibration items

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• The laboratory must have an internal quality control procedure

for monitoring the validity of calibrations undertaken.

• Results data shall be recorded in such a way that trends are

detectable: where practicable statistical techniques shall be

applied.

• Monitoring methods used:

Internal quality control using secondary reference materials

Participation in inter-laboratory comparison or proficiency testing programme

Replicate testing

Retesting of returned items

Correlation of item using different characteristics of the item

5.9 Assuring the quality of test and calibration results


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5.10 Reporting of results

• Test report / calibration certificate should be reporting the results

accurately and clearly.

• The report must contain Title of the report

Name and address of laboratory,

Report I.D. on each page

Name and address of client

Identification of method used,

Unique item identification, description and condition

Dates of item receipt, test or calibration conducted

Sampling plan and procedures used,

The test or calibration results

Identification of person(s) authorizing the test report or calibration certificate

Details of environmental conditions during test / calibration

Uncertainty in case of calibration reports

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• Opinions and interpretations can be given but shall document the basis

up on which the opinions and interpretations have made.

• Results of test performed by subcontractor shall be clearly identified.

• Electronic transmission of results can be done but requirements of this

standard shall be met

• The format for report and certificate shall be designed to accommodate

each type of test and calibration

• Amendment to the test and calibration certificate

Can be issued as a supplement to test / calibration report

Complete issue shall be uniquely identified and shall contain reference to the

original that it replaces.

5.10 Reporting of results


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• Implementation, maintenance of Management system complying to

ISO/IEC 17025.

• Maintenance of Impartiality, integrity, confidentiality and customer‟s

proprietary rights in lab operations.

• Ensure control for all documents internally generated as well as

externally generated.

• Review of customer requests, tenders & Contracts.

• Evaluation, selection of Suppliers.

• Effective resolution of Customer complaints.

• Organizing Internal audit as per scheduled plan.

• Initiating corrective actions against every non-compliance identified

in external and internal audit and maintenance of all management

system records.

Major role of Quality Manager

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Major role of technical Manager

• Selection, documentation and approval of test/ calibration methods

• Periodic updation of B.M.C. values for test / calibration activities , as

and when changed.

• Ensure Traceability of all the lab equipment and reference

standards and their fitness for subsequent use.

• Management and training of staff

• Evaluate and ensure staff competency

• Design and implementation of the QC program

• Stopping work when QC criteria are violated

• Attention to matters relating to impartiality and confidentiality.

• Ensure technical validity of the results

• Liaison with the quality manager in matters of common concern,

affecting testing or calibration.


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Major role of Authorized Signatory

•The testing laboratory is obligated to

fulfil the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 and to have approved

authorized signatory who bears the full responsibility for proper

execution of the test or calibration and correctness of the data in the

test report/ Calibration Certificates .

•Lab has to have at least one approved authorized signatory for each

specific discipline.

•Authorized signatories should Carry out regular measures to assure

the quality of test results are maintained.

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Major role of Authorized Signatory

•The authorized signatory should be qualified, experienced in the

relevant discipline as per the specific criteria demonstrating skill for the

Job assigned i.e. testing or calibration. E.g.

NABL 102 - Specific Criteria for Biological Testing Laboratories

NABL 103-Specific Guidelines for Chemical Testing Laboratories

NABL 114-Guidelines for Food Testing Laboratories

documents given by NABL and must posses the


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Questions..?

64 64 64

Thank you for your kind attention


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"Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories"

Commonly referred to as the

"Laboratory Standard"

Chemical Hygiene Plan


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"Occupational Exposure to Hazardous

Chemicals in Laboratories"

Commonly referred to as the

"Laboratory Standard"

Training Overview

• Introduction

• Authority And Responsibilities

• Management of Laboratory Chemicals

• Standard Operating Procedures For Chemical Management

• Management Of Laboratory Waste

• Laboratory Safety Equipment

• Exposure Assessment And Medical Surveillance


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INTRODUCTION

Purpose

To anticipate, evaluate and recognize hazards that

may occur during laboratory operations

Lets do the Math

Anticipation + Evaluation + Recognition Controls

= Minimized Accidents

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So How does your organization get to the Desired Outcome

• Implement Policies

• Assign Responsibilities

• Communicate & Educate

• Metrics and Evaluation

•Continually Improve –

Moving Beyond Compliance

Chemical Hygiene Program

Training Objectives

• Heighten Safety Awareness

• Establish Responsibilities

• Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

• Achieve Regulatory Compliance

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• Before being assigned to a laboratory

• Prior to new tasks involving hazardous

chemicals or procedures

• Annually

Training shall occur:

AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILIES

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CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER

“CHO”

The ―CHO‖ has overall responsibility for

maintaining and establishing compliance with

this plan and providing technical guidance.

• Updates the Plan, chemical and MSDS inventories • Provide training to all laboratory personnel • Ensures that laboratory employees follow SOPs • Ensures that safety equipment and engineering controls are utilized • Ensures that personal protective equipment is utilized • Conducts & documents inspections including movein/moveout • Assists in development of procedures for new or particularly hazardous

operations • Accident investigation and corrective action • Maintains records


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ENVIRONMENTAL COORDINATOR

“EC”

The “EC” assists the CHO and EHS Committee:

• Manages collection and disposal of all laboratory hazardous waste

• Maintains the master chemical inventory and along with the CHO ensures that all chemical lists are updated at least annually

• Assists CHO in accident investigation investigation

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY

COMMITTEE

Peer review of all program aspects:

• Establish risk management controls, and monitor safety and accident trends

• Establish and endorse policies & procedures related to laboratory health and safety

• Provide recommendations to mitigate accidents

• Annual program assessment and set goals


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Principal Investigators &

Laboratory Managers

• Ensure SOPs are followed • Responsible for obtaining MSDS • Hazard evaluation prior to introducing new chemical • Forwarding copy of MSDS to the CHO or EC for evaluation

and approval • Inform visitors, other of chemical hazards • Ensure laboratory personnel are trained including signs and

symptoms of exposure to hazardous chemicals • Ensure proper waste management (Satellite Accumulation

Areas) • Ensure personal protective equipment is utilized

• Laboratory Registration (Annual)

• Responsible Party Information (Annual)

• Safety Inspection (Annual)

• Obtaining Prior Approval (New Chemical/Procedure)

• Hazard Assessment (New Chemical/Procedure)

• Move In / Move Out


41

LABORATORY EMPLOYEES

Laboratory employees are paid laboratory personnel

(professors, teaching assistants, graduate students):

• Wear personal protective equipment

• Understand the chemical hazards

• Attend training classes

• Consult PI/LM before initiating unfamiliar procedures

• Use safety devices and engineering controls

• Report accidents and observations regarding chemical health and safety

MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY CHEMICALS


42

Procurement of Chemicals

Protocol for introducing a new chemical:

• PI/LM must obtain a MSDS prior to shipment • Principle Investigator / Logistics Manager

• PI/LM must provide MSDS to EC and CHO

• PI/LM must ensure adequacy of engineering controls and PPE

• Order the smallest quantity of the chemical

• PI/LM must update their chemical inventory

• The EC will update master inventory

Chemical Inventory

• The Master Inventory is maintained by the EC

• Each laboratory shall update annually

• Submit to CHO and EC

The inventory contains the following:

• An alphabetized list of IUPAC names or trade name

• CAS number “Chemical Abstracts Service”

• Hazardous waste code

• Threshold Planning Quantity (if EHS)

• Quantity stored

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service


43

Example

Volume

No.

No. Chemical Name CAS# EHS

TPQ

(lbs)

RCRA

Code

1 3 1-Fluoro-4-dinitrobenzene 350-46-9

1 4 Helium 744059-7

1 1 Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether 110-71-4 D001

1 2 Hydrogen peroxide 7722-84-1 D003

1 7 Hydroquinone 123-31-9 Y 500

1 8 Salicylaldehyde 672-13-9

1 9 Piperazine 103-76-4

1 10 Imidazole 288-32-4

1 11 Indoline 496-15-1

1 19 Manganese acetate dihydrate 19513-05-4

1 21 Manganese acetate tetrahydrate 6156-78-1

1 21 Magnesium sulfate 7587-88-9

1 22 Tris(methylthio) methane 5418-86-0 D001

Getting Information

How do you get information about

hazardous chemicals?

You can get information two ways:

• from the product label

• from the product Material Safety

Data Sheet


44

Labeling

• The manufacturer‟s original label should not be removed

or defaced

• Chemicals removed from stock bottles should be labeled

as to the contents

Plate-X Gold Plating Solution

DANGER !

May be harmful or fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

Do not breathe vapor or mist.

Do not get into eyes, on skin, or on clothing.

Exposure may cause weakness, headache, cyanosis, loss of

consciousness, respiratory arrest, or death.

Target organs - blood, metabolic enzymes, skin, lungs.

Physicians - treat exposed victims for cyanide poisoning.

Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for additional Information.

ABC Chemical Company

123 Hazard Drive

Anywhere, GA 13333

800-999-000


45

Recognized Labeling Systems

HMIS Labeling System

• Health

• Flammability

• Physical Hazards

• lso includes recommendations

for personal protective

equipment

Color coded labeling system used to communicate the

chemical‟s

NFPA Labeling System

• Like HMIS, the NFPA label ranks Flammability

and Health Hazard

• Numbers in the 3 colored sections ranging

from 0 (lowest hazard) to 4 (severe hazard)

• White section is left blank unless used to

denote special fire fighting measures/hazards

NFPA Hazard Diamond


46

What Do the Hazard Ratings Mean

• Non-hazardous substances (e.g. distilled water) should also be labeled to avoid confusion

• The PI/LM is responsible for ensuring that all chemical containers are properly labeled


47

Secondary Container Labeling

Containers such as buckets,

plastic jugs and spray

bottles. If in the work area

for more than a one-time

use. These containers must at least have the name of

the chemical or compound

and hazard warnings.

Hazard warning can be a

symbol

What is a secondary container?

Label all Secondary Containers that

Remain in the Workplace

Label with same

name as on MSDS

and hazard warning


48

Hazardous Warning Labels

Remember!!!

• Labels must accurately communicate the hazards of the chemicals

• Existing labels should not be removed from containers or defaced

• Damaged, missing and incorrect labels must be replaced

• Absolutely, no unlabeled containers are permitted


49

Material Safety Data Sheet Policy

• Clark Atlanta University will not to accept any new

chemicals, even on a trial basis, without an

accompanying MSDS

• Employees responsible for the procurement of

new materials will first obtain a MSDS for review

by the EC prior to purchasing

• MSDS for every chemical

• Electronic or paper copy

• Master file maintained by EC in Room 1016 of RCST

• Other locations of MSDS


50

Material Safety Data Sheet

What is a MSDS?

• Chemical content

• Physical properties

• Hazards

• PPE

• Classifications & disposal


51

• How the chemical enters the body

• The legal limit allowed in air

• If the chemical is a known

carcinogen

• Precautions for safe use

Inhalation

100 ppm

No

Use with adequate

ventilation, keep away from

open flame

Lets look at the information on a MSDS

Formaldehyde

Flammable & highly

volatile

Vapors can travel to

an ignition source

Dermatitis, adverse

respiratory function

• Names of hazardous chemicals

• Physical & chemical properties

• Health hazards

• Symptoms of overexposure


52

Respirator, OV filters,

rubber gloves

Eyes: flush with water for

15 minutes

1996

John Doe

Company

Address

Telephone

• Exposure control methods,

including personal protective

equipment

• Emergency and first aid

procedures

• Date of MSDS

• Contact information for the

MSDS preparer

Storage of Hazardous Chemicals


53

Hazardous Chemicals In Laboratories May

Consist Of:

• Corrosives - Nitric Acid

• Oxidizers - Silver Nitrate

• General Organic Compounds - Aniline

• Caustics - Calcium Oxide

• Reactive Metals - Sodium

• Explosive Anhydrides and Anhydrous Compounds - Sodium Peroxide

• Ketones - Acetone

• Poisons - Potassium

Cyanide

• General Inorganic

Compounds - Calcium

Carbide

• Flammable Metals -

Magnesium

• Flammables - Ethanol,

Butanol, Ethyl Ether

• Carcinogens -

Formaldehyde

• Properly labeled and dated

• Stored according to hazard class (flammables, oxidizers, corrosives)

• Incompatible groups must not be stored in close proximity to one another

• Should not be stored on floor or top of shelving units

• Chemicals in refrigerators should be stored on containment pans or in boxes

• Should not be stored above eye level

• Toxins/poisons stored in locked cabinet w/ “poison control agency” number posted


54

Standard Operating Procedures

• Standard Operating Procedure: Acutely Toxic Chemicals

• Standard Operating Procedure: Acutely Toxic Gases

• Standard Operating Procedure: Carcinogens & Toxic

Reproductive Agents

• Standard Operating Procedure: Compressed Gases

• Standard Operating Procedure: Corrosive Chemicals

• Standard Operating Procedure: Flammable Liquids

• Standard Operating Procedure: Oxidizing Chemicals

• Standard Operating Procedure: Pyrophoric Chemicals

SOP Content

– Decontamination Procedures

– Eyewash

– Personal Protective Equipment Safety shielding

– Safety shower

– Signs and Labels

– Storage

– Ventilation


55

BSL-1 or BSL-2: Principal Investigator: Agent (s): Bldg: Room: Special Instructions/ Precautions for Entry (e.g., PPE,

vaccination): Emergency Contact Information

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

Development Of Specific Exposure Control Procedures

PI/LM responsible for ensuring that procedures are effective in

protecting laboratory personnel. Minimizing risk includes:

• Through hazard analysis, identify and rank task where there

may be a potential for exposure to blood & infectious

materials

• Identify safe work practices, administrative and engineering

controls

• Identify and provide appropriate PPE

• Laboratory personnel must be educated on how to protect

themselves as well as symptoms of exposure


56

How does exposure occur?

• Cuts from contaminated sharps (broken

glass, etc.)

• Contact of mucous membranes (eye, nose,

mouth) or broken (cut or abraded) skin

Universal Precautions


57

Work Practice Controls

• Wash hands after removing gloves and as soon as

possible after exposure

• No food or smoking in work areas Gloves

• Gowns

• Face shields

• Eye protection

Housekeeping

• Work surfaces must be

decontaminated with appropriate disinfectant

• After completion of procedures

• When surfaces are

contaminated

• Warning labels required

on containers of

regulated waste


58

MANAGEMENT OF

LABORATORY WASTE

Waste Identification and Inventory

• Use the MSDS to determine the hazard class

• The Environmental Coordinator oversees the collection,

handling and arranging for disposal of all hazardous

wastes


59

Waste Handling & Storage Requirements

“Satellite Accumulation Areas”

• Hazardous waste can be accumulated at or near the point

of generation. This is referred to as the a Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA).

SAA Requirements

• Up to 55 gallons per SAA

• Container must be in a safe area (typically in a laboratory low cabinet

• Cabinet will e marked with a yellow hazardous waste label

• Container must have a hazardous waste label before filling begins. Container must be closed when not being filled

• Once filled, the container must be sealed and the “accumulation date” written on the hazardous waste label

• 3 days to move full container from SAA to hazardous waste storage room


60

Labeling of SAA (Haz Waste Cabinets)

Weekly Inspections

• All SAAs and the main storage area must be inspected on a weekly basis whether there is hazardous waste present or not

• An inspection checklist form must be completed for each inspection


61

Weekly Inspection Checklist

Work areas that contain potentially hazardous chemicals should have a chemical spill response kit. This kit should include the following items at a minimum:

Spill Response Kit

• Disposable vinyl gloves

• Safety glasses

• Absorbent (e.g., spill pillows,

vermiculite, etc.)

• Plastic scoop

• Plastic trash bags


62

Spill Response Kit

Emergency Procedures

In the event of a spill, alert personnel in the area that a spill has occurred. Do not attempt to handle a large spill (or small spill of certain substances – see SOPs)

Vacate the laboratory immediately and contact the CHO and Public Safety. Remain on the scene, but at a safe distance to provide information to safety personnel when they arrive

Evacuation information


63

Key Points to Remember

• If unsure, ask your PI/LM or EC or CHO

• Be aware of possible hazards

• Report hazards

• Report chemical spills

• Follow chemical disposal procedures

• Use common sense

• Respond safely to emergencies

LABORATORY SAFETY

EQUIPMENT


64

Engineering Controls

• Fume Hoods

• Biosafety Cabinets

• Substitution

Fume Hoods

Schematic of

a chemical fume

Hood airflow

Typical laboratory

fume hood


65

• Before working with any chemical, be aware of hazard involved

• Chemicals which produce toxic or irritating fumes MUST be used in a working fume hood

• Hoods are not intended for storing chemicals or disposing of chemicals by evaporation

• Each hood must display a current sticker with date of velocity measurement velocity match arrows and pass/fail status

• Hood face velocity checked daily and record on log posted by hood

Emergency Showers

• Flush contaminated area

with water

• Remove contaminated

clothing

• Rinse with water for 15

minutes

• Seek medical attention if

irritation persists

• Showers should be

flushed periodically


66

Eyewash Stations

• Flush eye and inner eyelids

• Forcibly hold eyes open

• Irrigate for at least 15 minutes

• Seek medical attention immediately

• Stations should be flushed periodically

General Protective Measures

• Prevent Ingestion

– NO eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics

in labs

– Wash hands frequently

– Label everything

– Read labels and MSDS


67

Exposure Assessments

• Signs or symptoms of

overexposure

• You suspect exposure limits

have been exceeded

Medical Exams

• Offered as appropriate

• Required where mandated

• Occupational Medicine Program

• Hazard Assessment

– Noise

– Carcinogens

– Acutely toxic chemicals

– Radioactive materials

– Biological hazards


68

And now……Let‟s play…..

“TOXIC” Jeopardy


69

What is….”Improper Chemical Storage!!”


70

What is: “food storage in a refrigerator

with toxic chemicals”


71

What is: “Improperly labeled container”-

$10,000 fine-EPA!!


72

What is: „Funnel –in-throat” container


73

What is: “old chemicals, some open, bad

housekeeping”


74

What is: “improperly labeled waste

container on a sink”…$10,000


75

What is: “„Funnel –in-throat” container”


76

What is: “ improperly

labeled container”


77

What is: “ unlabeled containers”


78

What is: “ an unknown, waste-like

container”


79

What is: “inherently waste-like container”


80

What is: “improperly labeled containers-

two labels / label over original ”


81

What is: “Improper disposal of a hazardous

waste”…. $10,000


82

What is: “Potpourri” You name it!! All of the

above


83

EHHHHH!!! The wrong way!!

Summation

• Though presented in a humorous manner, the above

slides are very serious from a health and safety point of

view

• There are some serious and potentially hazardous

conditions demonstrated

• One chemical among some shown above, if mishandled

can result in…


84

Peroxide Crystals formed from

Isopropyl Ether

Another bottle from the same college‟s laboratory that has peroxidized, with a light-impact detonation

cap.

http://home.cyberave.com/~rhr/bigiso.htm


85

The resulting

detonation left a

crater in the ground

approximately three

foot wide by one foot

deep !

This could easily have occurred in the lab if bumped or heated

A laboratory chemical that has been

stored/handled improperly can be

hazardous to your health!


86

Three 5 gal. containers of peroxidized

Tetrahydrofuran at @ 120 o F oxolane!!

Tetrahydrofuran

•Formula: C4H8O

•Molecular weight: 72.1057

•IUPAC Standard InChI:

InChI=1S/C4H8O/c1-2-4-5-3-1/h1-4H2

•Download the identifier in a file.

•IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

•CAS Registry Number: 109-99-9

•Chemical structure:

This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file

The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.

•Other names: Furan, tetrahydro-; Butane α,δ-oxide; Butane, 1,4-epoxy-;

Cyclotetramethylene oxide; Furanidine; Oxacyclopentane; Oxolane;

Tetramethylene oxide; THF; Hydrofuran; Tetrahydrofuraan; Tetrahydrofuranne;

http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02063.html

http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05271.html

http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?GetInChI=C109999

http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Str2File=C109999


http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/3d-structs/



http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Str3View=C109999&Type=Jmol

http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Str3View=C109999&Type=JSmol


87

Good Chemical Handling / Storage

• Check your inventories……

• Get rid of what you do not need

• Manage those containers with bad labels

• Manage waste collection containers with correct labeling of

contents, and keep caps closed when not adding to them

• Make sure all chemicals have proper labels and are within

expiration dates / known shelf lives

Laboratory Documentation

• RPI, Registration (Posted)

• Safety Inspections

• Hazard Assessments

• Prior Approval

• Check in/Check out

• SAA Weekly Inspections

• Fume Hood Logs

• Autoclave Logs & QC Logs


88

Chemical Labels

Working with Chemical Labels


89

Close Encounters with Chemicals

We encounter chemicals

almost every day

– Filling your vehicle

with gasoline

– Cleaning the bathroom

– Applying pesticides or insecticides

– Using solvents or acids at work

Many chemicals can cause injury or illness if

not handled properly

Goals

Basic chemical label information

HMIS®, NFPA, and DOT labels

Quiz Hazardous Material Identification System

National Fire Protection Association

Depatrment of Transportation


90

Label Requirements

Identity of the

hazardous material

Name and address of

chemical manufacturer

Appropriate hazard

warnings

Appropriate Hazard Warnings

Words

Pictures

Symbols


91

Words to Watch For

Caution = May cause

moderate injury

Warning = May cause

serious injury or death

Danger = May cause

immediate serious

injury or death

Physical and Health Hazards

Flammable

Corrosive

Reactive

Toxic

Skin Irritant


92

Protective Measures

Glasses or face shields

Gloves

Respirators or dust masks

Other skin protection

Symptoms of Overexposure

Dizziness or nausea

Headache

Skin rashes or burns

Stomach pain


93

First-Aid Information

Eyes: Flush with water

Skin: Wash with soap and water

Inhalation: Move to fresh air

Swallowing: Get emergency medical

assistance

Bring label or MSDS to medical provider

Special Handling Instructions

Do not store near corrosives

Keep away from flammables

Keep out of direct sunlight

Store in moderate temperatures


94

Fire Response and Spill Information

Extinguishing media

Possibility of noxious

fumes

Containing and cleaning

up a spill

Special tools or materials

In-house Labeling

Identity of the

hazardous material

Appropriate hazard

warnings


95

Stationary Process Containers

Sign

Placard

Process sheet

Operating procedures

Goals

Basic chemical information


Quiz


96

Labeling Systems

HMIS®

NFPA

Both utilize colors and numbers

Color Systems

Blue = Health hazard

Red = Flammability

Yellow = Reactivity or instability

Orange = Physical hazard

White = Other hazards, special handling, or

PPE


97

White Color Code

NFPA

– Cor, OXY, ACID, ALK, W

HMIS®

– PPE recommendations

Number Systems

4 = Extreme hazard

3 = Serious hazard

2 = Moderate hazard

1 = Slight hazard

0 = Minimal hazard


98

Flammable Liquid

Red with picture of a flame

Do not smoke when using

Special storage requirements

May be an inhalation hazard

Skin and eye protection

Ground when transferring

Corrosive Liquid

Black and white

Picture of liquid

corroding steel

and destroying skin

Storage requirements

Skin and eye protection


99

Poison

White

Skull and crossbones

Known to be toxic

to humans

Might have one or

all three hazards:

skin, inhalation,

or ingestion

Explosive

Orange with picture of explosion

Includes items from dynamite to bullets

Do not handle unless trained and authorized


100

Gases

Number 2

Flammable Gas–Red with flame

Non-flammable Gas–Green with cylinder

Oxygen–Yellow with burning circle

Poison Gas–White with skull and crossbones

Goals

Basic chemical information


Quiz


101

Summary

To protect against hazards, always read the

container label before using a chemical

Make sure every container is properly labeled

Do not remove chemical labels

Ask your supervisor about label information that

you don’t understand

Quiz

1. The blue color on an HMIS® or NFPA label indicates the

________________________________ hazard.

2. Information about appropriate PPE isn’t

listed on all labels. True or False

3. The word ―caution‖ on a label indicates

a more severe hazard than the word

―warning.‖ True or False

4. Name the two items that must be indicated

on all in-house labels: ____________, ___________.


102

Quiz (cont.)

5. The DOT symbol for a corrosive liquid

is a skull and crossbones. True or False

6. Besides words, how else might labels indicate hazard

warnings? ___________________________________.

7. The numbers on HMIS® and NFPA labels range from

0 to 10 with zero indicating minimal hazard

and 10 indicating extreme hazard. True or False

8. Besides labels, name an alternative method companies may use to identify a chemical and indicate its hazards. ____________________________________________.

Quiz (cont.)

9. The white area on an HMIS® label is

used to indicate recommended PPE.

True or False

10. All chemical labels contain information

on first aid, fire response, and any

special handling instructions. True or False


103

Quiz Answers

1. The health hazard is indicated by the blue section.

2. True. Some—but not all—labels will recommend the PPE

needed to protect you from the chemical’s hazards.

3. False. The words ranked in order from least severe hazard

to most severe are ―Caution,‖ ―Warning,‖ and ―Danger.‖

4. In-house labels must contain at minimum: the identity of

the hazardous material and appropriate hazard warnings.

Quiz Answers (cont.)

5. False. Corrosives use a picture of liquid corroding steel

and destroying skin. Poisons use the skull and

crossbones.

6. Labels might also use pictures or symbols to indicate

hazards.

7. False. The numbers range from 0, minimal hazard,

to 4, extreme hazard.


104

Quiz Answers (cont.)

8. Companies may also use signs, placards, process sheets,

and operating procedures as long as they identify the

chemical and its hazards.

9. True

10. False. Although not required, many labels do have this

additional information. If a label does not, consult the

MSDS for the additional information.

Health and Safety in the Laboratory

This material was produced under grant number SH-17035-08-60-F-11 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. These materials do not

necessarily reflect views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of any trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.

Government.


105

209

Objectives

After this session, you will know:

• How to identify health and safety hazards of school laboratory work

• Health and safety measures your lab should have in place

• How best to protect yourself from hazardous exposures

• The requirements of OSHA’s Laboratory Standard

210

Laboratories in the News

Two dozen fire departments responded yesterday to Rocky Point High School after a science teacher was burned when a chemical reaction in a science lab touched off a small explosion. The teacher, Anthony Nobre, 26, of Medford, suffered burns over his arm, neck and face. He was taken to University Hospital in Stony Brook, where he was listed in satisfactory condition, according to a spokeswoman. The blast erupted as Nobre put crystallized sodium into a container holding a small amount of water. The Brookhaven fire marshal was conducting an investigation and recommended that the building be closed today.

Detroit’s Miller Middle School will be closed today and possibly Wednesday while health and environmental officials finish cleaning up a small amount of mercury that students spilled in a science class just before school was dismissed Monday. Students apparently were playing with about an ounce of the toxic substance in a sealed vial when it spilled, said a district spokesman Stan Childress. About 30 students and a teacher were present, he said. There is a possibility that students may have tracked through the mercury because some beads of the substance were found in the hallway, Childress said.


106

211

Why All the Fuss?

Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Can Result in acute or chronic health effects

Acute – occurring within hours or days of exposure

Chronic – occur after exposure over many years

212

Engineering: Removes or Separates Hazard from Person i.e.:

• Local Ventilation (Fume Hoods)

• Chemical Substitutions

Administrative: Procedures

that Limit Contact with Hazard

i.e.:

• Job Rotation

• School Staff Training

• Good Housekeeping


107

213

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE Should Be Considered Only After

Administrative and Engineering

Controls Have Been Applied.

Minimum Recommended PPE:

Chemical Resistant Gloves, Splash Proof Goggles,

Lab Coat, Face Shield, and Rubber Apron when Necessary

214

PPE: Glove Selection

Should be based upon:

• the chemical composition of the substance you are working with

• the properties of the glove material.

Find Out More about Glove Selection by Reviewing

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or from Glove

Supply Companies.


108

215

OSHA’s Laboratory Standard

• Protects staff who use and handle hazardous chemicals in laboratories

• Requires your School to:

– Determine staff exposure to any substances regulated by the standard

– Conduct initial training & additional training if a new hazard is introduced into the lab

– Develop a Chemical Hygiene Plan

216

Training Requirements

Labs are required to supplement course material with site-specific information & training including:

•Specific Work Practices

•Chemical hygiene plan/lab manual

•Location & availability of MSDSs

•Specific lab safety work practices or SOPs

•Training whenever new hazards are used in the lab

•Personal Protective Equipment

•Instruction on appropriate PPE & how to use it

•Location & availability of PPE & maintenance of reusable PPE

•Lab Equipment

•Location & operation of eyewash &/or shower stations

•Use of fume hoods, storage cabinets, refrigerators & other engineering controls

•Waste Handling and Spill Response

•Chemical waste handling & disposal procedures

•Location & availability of spill kits & emergency checklists

•Spill response procedures


109

217


• Must Include: • Designation of a Chemical Hygiene Officer

• Exposure control measures

• Measures to ensure properly functioning fume hoods & equipment

• Staff training on hazard awareness & measures available to protect themselves

• Provisions for medical consultation & examination

• Respiratory protection program

• Recordkeeping procedure

• Hazard identification system

218

Safe Practice: Maintain a Chemical Inventory!

Conduct a yearly inventory of chemicals and update

the file of material safety data sheets (MSDS) to

prevent the accumulation of orphaned chemicals

Some of these chemicals become

unstable, react with the container, slowly

degrade or evaporate


110

219

You Have the Right to Know!

OSHA’s Hazard Communication

Standard requires that

ALL Containers Must be Labeled With:

Chemical

Name &

Physical/H

ealth

Hazards

Name &

Address of the

Manufacturer

& Emergency

Contact

Numbers

100 Main St., Philadelphia, PA

1-800-555-1212

220

Types of Labels

NFPA Diamonds and

HMIS Bars are Color &

Number Coded with

Hazard Information

DOT Symbols Are

Usually Found on

Shipping Cartons


111

221

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • An MSDS Must Be on File & Available for Each

Chemical in the Lab.

• An MSDS lists: – Product Identity

– Hazardous Ingredients

– Physical Data

– Fire & Explosion Hazard Data

– Reactivity Data

– Health Hazard Data

– Precautions for Safe Handling & Use

– Control Measures

222

What Should the Ideal Laboratory Look Like?

• Practices • Equipment & Ventilation


112

223

Supply Air Diffusers & Room Air Exhausts Should

be

Located So As to Avoid Intake of Contaminated Air

Windows Should be Operable

General Ventilation

224

Local Ventilation

Fume Hoods Used For Operations that Give Off:

• Noxious Odors

• Flammable or Poisonous Vapors

HOW DOES YOUR VENTILATION MEASURE UP?


113

225

Safety Showers and Eyewashes

Must Be Available in All Lab Areas That

Use or Store Chemicals Which Are

Corrosive or an Irritant to the Eyes or

Skin

Combination Eye Wash & Drench

Hose Units at the Sink are Now

Available

226

Match the Extinguisher to the Risk!

Fire Extinguishers Must Be:

Clearly labeled to indicate the types of fire they are designed to extinguish.

Visibly inspected monthly and maintained annually.

Class ABC Extinguishers Should Be

Located:

–At the Laboratory Exit

–Within 50 Feet of Any Point in

the Lab.

Class D Extinguishers Are Required for

Combustible Metals.


114

227

Means of Egress/Exit

Two or more well- marked &

unobstructed evacuation

exits are recommended in a

lab.

228

It’s Shocking!

There should be no accessible live, exposed electrical

wiring.

Consideration should be given to installing ground-fault circuit interrupters on electrical

circuits within 6 feet of water sources.

Electrical Safety in the High School Lab


115

229

Chemical Storage

Safe Storage of Chemicals is a Necessity in Every School Laboratory!

Minimizes Exposure to Students and Staff to Corrosive and Toxic Chemicals

Lessens the Risk of Fire

Prevents the Mixing of Incompatibles & the Creation of an Emergency Situation

230

The “Don’ts” of Chemical Storage!

Avoid storing any chemical above eye level

Don’t store incompatible chemicals together

Don’t store chemicals near sources of heat or sunlight

Don’t store chemicals in the hoods or acids on metal shelves

Avoid storing anything on the floor, especially glass bottles


116

231

Biology Storage

232

So, You’re in Charge!

• How would you organize and store chemicals in your perfect lab?


117

233

Ideal Storage Area Set-Up

Acids NA, LI

Oxidizers

Bases

Flammables

Cabinet

Metal Salts

Nitrates

Spill

Materials

Room Should Have:

•Eye Wash

•Safety Shower

•Emergency Phone

•Fire Extinguisher

Dry

Chemicals

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– Organic Solvents

– Acids

– Alkalis (Bases)

– Mercury

Be Prepared for Small Incidental Spills

Proper Incidental Spill Control Equipment Includes:

Spill Control Materials Such As Spill Control Pillows, Pads, Booms, etc.

Scoops, Brooms, Pails & Bags

Absorbent – such as Diatomaceous Earth

Neutralizers – for Acids & Alkalis

Mercury Spill Control Kit

Chemical Categories Found

in Most Secondary Schools

Include:


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235

Certain Spills Aren’t for Quick Clean-up

• As a science teacher or lab specialist, you should only respond to incidental chemical releases, or small spills.

• For large or especially hazardous spills: – Quickly assess whether there are any injured

persons and attend to any person who may have been contaminated.

– Follow the notification, evacuation and emergency medical treatment procedures for your school.

– Evacuate the immediate area until the hazardous release has been characterized and controlled.

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Waste Chemical Disposal

• Requires:

– Proper storage– same rules apply – make sure waste chemicals are compatible

– Proper labeling – tags should be placed on bottles name of chemical

– Pre-planning – know what waste you’re creating prior to carrying out experiments; minimize purchases

– Record-keeping – of all waste chemicals on hand and those already picked up for disposal


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237

How to Assess Your Classroom for Hazards

• Using the Checklist

• Working with Your Union

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0612

Laboratory Safety


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Session Objectives

You will be able to:

• Understand the Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Identify laboratory hazards

• Take proper precautions to protect yourself

• Act effectively in an emergency


What You Need to Know

• Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Risk assessment

• Required PPE

• Safe work practices

• Emergency response


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Basic Principles of

Laboratory Safety • Conduct a risk

assessment for each lab protocol you perform

• Select appropriate safety measures

• Maintain a safe laboratory environment

• Prepare for emergencies



• Chemical hazards

• Safe work practices, procedures, and controls

• Emergency procedures


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Chemical Hygiene Plan (cont.)

OSHA requires us to:

• Evaluate control equipment and perform inspections

• Establish standard operating procedures

• Perform exposure assessments

• Provide medical consultations and exams

• Provide proper training

• Manage safety information


Risk Assessment

A risk assessment identifies:

• Steps in the operation

• Equipment and chemicals involved in each step

• Hazards associated with equipment, materials, and methods

• Required safety measures


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MSDS and Labels

The MSDS tells you:

• Physical and chemical properties

• Health hazard information

• PELs and symptoms of exposure

• How to safely handle substance

• First aid and treatment for overexposure


Physical Hazards • Flammable substances

• Reactive substances


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Physical Hazards (cont.)

• Corrosive substances

• Compressed gases


Health Hazards: Chemicals • Short-term health effects

• Long-term health effects


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Exposure Assessments • Monitoring requirements

• PEL

• TLV

• Notification of monitoring results

Image Credit: RAE Systems


Hazards • Do you understand the

information that has been presented so far?


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Chemical Fume Hoods

Chemical fume hoods serve

three functions:

• Isolate chemicals and apparatus that present physical hazards

• Contain spills

• Control inhalation exposure

Use a hood for operations

that could release toxic

vapor or dust Image Credit: Laboratory Design and Supply


Chemical Fume Hoods (cont.)

When using a hood:

• Confirm that it is working properly

• Keep chemicals and apparatus 6 inches inside

• Keep sash between your face and materials

• Avoid swift hand or body movements

• Make sure items don‟t block air flow


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Required PPE • Eye protection

• Face protection

• Gloves


Required PPE (cont.) • Other skin protection

• Respirators

• Footwear

Image Credit: WISHA


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Safe Hygiene

ALWAYS:

• Wash after direct exposure and before leaving the lab

NEVER:

• Smell or taste chemicals

• Eat, drink, chew gum, smoke, or apply cosmetics near chemicals

• Store food in chemical storage refrigerators

• Use lab equipment to handle food


Laboratory Equipment • Glassware

• Electrical equipment

• Equipment that uses heat

• Equipment with moving parts

• Compressed gas cylinders


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Chemical Storage:

Basic Segregation • First, segregate by state:

solids, liquids, and gases

• Then segregate by hazard class

• Never store chemicals alphabetically

• Date incoming containers of chemicals with a specific shelf life


Chemical Storage:

Where to Store

• Volatile toxic or odiferous chemicals in a vented cabinet

• Flammable solvents in a flammable storage cabinet, under a fume hood, or in a safety can

• Highly reactives in locked cabinets

• Corrosives in cabinets or under fume hoods on trays

• Solids on shelves or in a cabinet

• Gas cylinders secured close to area of use


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Safe Housekeeping • Keep surfaces clean, dry,

and uncluttered

• Never store chemicals on the floor

• Keep only necessary materials on your bench

• Transport chemicals safely

• Be sure to have clear access to emergency exits and equipment


Inspections

• Conduct regular lab inspections

• Correct and document safety problems

• Include:

• Emergency equipment

• Chemical storage areas

• Chemical fume hoods

• Electrical equipment

• Compressed gas cylinders

• Emergency exits


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Controls, PPE, and

Safe Work Practices • Do you understand the

information presented about engineering controls, PPE, and safe work practices?


Basic First Aid • Chemicals in eyes

• Chemicals on body

• Inhalation

• Swallowing


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Basic First Aid (cont.)

• Know where eyewash stations and emergency showers are located

• Notify your supervisor immediately if contaminated

• Get medical attention after washing off chemicals


Medical Program • Medical exams for

symptoms of excessive exposure

• Consultations for pregnant workers

• First-aid trained personnel

• Locations of emergency medical treatment


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Spill Control: Minor Spills

• Alert people in the immediate area

• Increase ventilation

• Don PPE

• Absorb spill with approved absorbent

• Collect residual chemical and cleanup materials in sealed containers for disposal

• Clean spill area with water only


Spill Control: Major Spills

• Alert others in the area to evacuate

• Attend to injured or contaminated co-workers and remove them from the area

• If chemical is flammable, turn off ignition sources, if you can do so safely

• Evacuate, closing doors as you exit

• Contact emergency response team


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Fire Emergencies • Activate alarm and call

fire department

• Notify co-workers

• Shut down equipment, if safe

• Use a fire extinguisher, if appropriate

• Isolate the area by closing doors and windows

• Evacuate


Key Points to Remember

Remember these four basic principles of

laboratory safety:

• Conduct a risk assessment for each lab protocol you perform

• Select appropriate safety measures

• Maintain a safe laboratory environment

• Prepare for emergencies


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LAB SAFETY

WHY LAB SAFETY?

Protect yourself from laboratory hazards

Protect students and others from laboratory hazards

Comply with State and Federal regulations

Set a good example for students


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LABORATORY SAFETY TRAINING OVERVIEW

OSHA

Occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals in

laboratories (1910.1450)

Hazard Communication (1910.1200)

NFPA

Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

(NFPA 45)

Personal Protective Equipment

Chemical Storage

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN

LABORATORIES (1910.1450)

Chemical Hygiene Plan – Required where hazardous

chemicals are used in the workplace

Readily available to employees

Standard operating procedures

Implement control measures to reduce exposures

Requirement that fume hoods and other PPE are

functioning properly


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CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

Provisions for employee training

Designation of personnel responsible for

implementing plan and assignment of a Chemical

Hygiene Officer

Procedure for removal of hazardous waste

OSHA REQUIRES PLAN TO BE

REVIEWED AND EVALUATED

ANNUALLY

EMPLOYEE TRAINING

Provide employees w/ information and training apprising them of the potential hazards in their lab

Required at the time of an employees initial assignment to a work area

Frequency of refresher training determined by employer

Location of Chemical Hygiene Plan and MSDSs or other reference material


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EMPLOYEE TRAINING

Measures employees can take to protect themselves

Appropriate work practices

PPE to be used

Spill Response

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Hazard Communication (1910.1200)

MSDSs readily available to employees

Chemical labels not removed or defaced and all containers

of chemicals must be labeled as to the contents (i.e.

hydrochloric acid) and hazards (i.e. corrosive)


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NFPA

Purpose of the standard is to provide basic

requirements for the protection of life and property

through prevention and control of fires and explosions

involving use of chemicals in laboratories.

NFPA

Flammable liquids cannot be stored on floor. NFPA

45 “Fire protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals”

allows for a maximum of 5 gallons of flammable

liquids (sprinklered lab) outside of a flammable

storage cabinet.

Allows a maximum of 2 gallons of flammable liquids

(non-sprinklered lab) outside of a flammable storage

cabinet


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PPE

Do you know what PPE is appropriate for the work

you are doing?

Gloves

Safety glasses, goggles, faceshield

Lab coat

GLOVES

LATEX GLOVES PROVIDE LITTLE TO NO CHEMICAL PROTECTION IN HEAVY USE CONDITIONS.

Permeation or the break through rate of latex with most solvents is only a matter of a few seconds

In 1996, a laboratory researcher (Dartmouth College) was fatally poisoned by a one time, momentary exposure to a very tiny drop of dimethylmercury onto a latex glove covered hand.


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GLOVES

Glove Selection Guide Handout

http://www.ansellpro.com/download/Ansell_7th

EditionChemicalResistanceGuide.pdf

CHEMICAL STORAGE

ACIDS Acetic Acid, *Chromic Acid, Hydrochloric Acid,

Hydrofluoric Acid, *Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid, Sulfuric Acid

*Indicates strong oxidizing acids, store per oxidizers section

Storage Precautions: Store bottles on low shelf areas, or in acid cabinets.

Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids, AND flammable materials.

Segregate acids from bases, AND from active metals such as sodium, potassium, etc.

Segregate acids from chemicals which could generate toxic gases such as sodium cyanide, iron sulfide, etc.

http://www.ansellpro.com/download/Ansell_7thEditionChemicalResistanceGuide.pdf





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CHEMICAL STORAGE

BASES

Ammonium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide,

Sodium Hydroxide.

Storage Precautions:

Separate bases from acids.

Store bottles on low shelf areas, or in acid cabinets

CHEMICAL STORAGE

FLAMMABLES- Acetone, Benzene, Cyclohexane, Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Ether, Gasoline, Hexane,, Isopropyl Alcohol, Methanol, Propanol, Tetrahydrofuran, Toluene, Xylene


Store in approved flammable storage cabinet(s)

Separate from oxidizing acids and oxidizers.

Keep away from any source of ignition (flames, localized heat or sparks).

Use only "flammable storage" explosion proof refrigerators or freezers.


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CHEMICAL STORAGE

OXIDIZERS-react violently with organics.

Solids- Calcium Hypochlorite, Nitrates, Peroxides –

organic and inorganic

Liquids-Bromine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Nitric Acid,

Perchloric Acid, Chromic Acid


Keep away from flammables, organic solvents, and other

combustible materials (i.e. paper, wood, etc.).

Store in a cool, dry place.

CHEMICAL STORAGE

PEROXIDE-FORMING CHEMICALS- peroxides

can be explosively shock-sensitive

Ethers and acetals with alpha-hydrogen (e.g. ethyl

ether, tetrahydrofuran)

1,4-Dioxane


Dispose before expiration dates

Label containers with receiving, opening, and disposal

dates.

Store in airtight containers in a dark, cool, and dry

place.


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MANDATORY SAFETY RULES

Recommend posting mandatory safety rules in all labs

- SEE HANDOUT

http://www.etsu.edu/healthsafety/Chemical_and_Lab_Safety/Mandatory_Lab_Safety_Rules.pdf


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