Future of Metering

8/2/2019 Future of Metering

1/20

22 October 2008

The future of metering

Innovation Day 2008

Alistair Morfey


2/20

2

Whats the problem ?

Climate

Small increases in average

temperature can have a

big effect.

Glacier melts in Greenlandand Antarctic (e.g Wilkins)

would cause significant rise

in sea level.

Increased energy in

weather system is released

through bigger storms.


3/20

3

Whats the problem ?

Energy Security

UK total energyconsumption = 125kWh/day per person

40 = transport

40 = heating/cooling

45 = electricitygeneration (18 to enduser)

Concerns over price andsupply security

Oil

Gas

Power stations reachingend of life

Coal

Nuclear


4/20

4

Legislation

EU Triple-20 by 2020 (v 1990)

20% reduction of energy consumption

20% reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions

20% of energy from renewables

UK 2050 targets (v 1990)

80% reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions


5/20

5

Whats wrong with the humble meter ?

Stand-alone No communications

Manual meter reading

Awkward locations for user. No supportfor Energy Displays

Meters fixed as Credit or Pre-Payment

No support for micro-generation

No integration with Home-Automation

No support for intelligent grid or demand-side management

No support for time-of-use tariffs No consumption logs

Site visits required for a number offunctions (inc disconnection !)


6/20

6

What do we need to do ?

Generate energy from sources with low CO2emissions :

Nuclear

Renewables (Hydro, Solar, Wind, Wave)

Intelligent Grid

Smart Meters can help

Micro-generation


Consume less energy


European governments now want domesticSmart Meters (at least for Electricity and Gas)

but not prepared to pay for it themselves !


7/20

7

What are Smart Meters ?

Energy Meters with 2-way communications

Electricity, Gas, Water, Heat (EGWH)

Domestic and Commercial

Required functionality varies nationally

Most countries have focussed on

Electricity (meters and infra-structure)

Information between meter and

Supplier (not User).

Single Supplier to home for multiple

utilities (pre de-regulation) Credit meters only (no money-

handling)


8/20

8

What needs to be connected ?

PC

Washing

Machine

Energy

Display

Electricity

Meter

TV

House

HAN 1 = Channel 5 ?

Meters in Flats

Channel 1

Last Mile LAN

Uses Same LAN technology as HAN s

e.g GSM

Street Data

Concentrator

Up to 1000

houses ?

LAN

Gateway

National

Comms

National

e.g GSM

Energy

Suppliers

Meters in Basement

Washing

Machine

Electricity

Meter

Gas

Meter

EnergyDisplay

HAN 3 = Channel 2 ? HAN 4 = Channel

12 ?

Washing

Machine

Energy

Display

Electricity

Meter

Gas

Meter

HAN 5 = C hannel

7 ?

Washing

Machine

Energy

Display

Electricity

Meter

Gas

Meter

Gas

Meter

Washing

Machine

Electricity

Meter

Gas

Meter

TV

HAN 2 = Channel 11 ?

Homes in :

Houses

Blocks of Flats

Meters in Flat

Meters in Basement

Data concentrators ?

Central Information Systems

White boxes

Not owned by Home

e.g Meters

Revolutionary roll-out

Green boxes

Owned by Home

Evolutionary adoption

Integration with Home-Automation


9/20

9

Smart meters in Victorian terraced house

Internet

WAN

Display LAN

Washing

MachineLAN

Freezer LAN

PC

Switched ,

Metered ,

Domestic Gas

Supply

Switched , Metered ,

Domestic Electricity

Supply

E

meterUI

Opto

LAN

Gme

terUI

Opto

LAN

WAN

GatewayOpto

LAN

Un-switched ,

Un-metered ,

Limited (series

capacitor ?), Fused ,

Electricity Supply

Fuse Box

Main

Fuse

LAN

Under-stairs

Cupboard

W

meter

Opto UI

LAN

Front

Door

TV LAN

Meters are still in the same locations :

Unfriendly for User access

Need wireless links to devices in Home

Flat peer to peer LAN

More flexible than a Master-Slave

hierarchical system :

New devices

New commercial model

Pool of energy information enables more

intelligent energy decisions :

Manually (User reads Display)

Automatically (Appliance chooses a

cheap/low carbon time to run) Supports separate Gas and Electricity Suppliers

Gas suppliers do not like communications

via E-meter


10/20

10

Smart Meters around world to date

Italy 30M E-meters with PLC (Enel)

Sweden E-meters with GSM

Australia E-meter trial in Victoria

North America

E-meters in California

E-meters in Ontario

Netherlands Large national programme for

EGWH-meters. Specifications and trials.

Germany specifications and trials underway.

France ERDF starting implementation of PLC

infra-structure for 35M E-meters

Spain Trials and research for EG-meters

UK LAN and WAN specifications being led by

ERA for EG-meters


11/20

11

International v National

Energy Suppliers are international, e,g in GB(not Northern Ireland) :

British Gas (Centrica)

EDF (France)

E.ON (Germany)

nPower (RWE, Germany)

Scottish Power (Iberdrola, Spain)

Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE)

Meter Manufacturers are international, e.g :

Elster

Itron/Actaris

Landis+Gyr

Smart Meter requirements are national ! Ownership

De-regulation

Commercial model


12/20

12

GB Smart Meter Requirements

Electricity and Gas Domestic Meters

Interoperable standards No meter changerequired when User changes Supplier(currently 100k/week)

Make E and G meters look as similar aspossible to the User

Configure for Credit or Pre-Payment (Pay asyou Go)

contain switch or valve

handle money

handle time-of-use tariffs (30 min)

2-way Comms LAN (inside Home)

WAN (back to Central Information System)

Support Micro-Generation Remote configuration (inc software upgrades)

Energy Logs


13/20

13

UK Organisations Involved

Government

BERR

DECC (Dept Energy and Climate

Change) from BERR and DEFRA

Regulator

Ofgem

Suppliers

ERA (Energy Retail Association)

BG, EDF, E.ON, nPower, SSE, SP

Development of new LAN and WAN

standards is being led by : ERA

DECC


14/20

14

Engineers v Economists

Stake Holders

Users

Energy Suppliers

Grid operators

Economy of Scale v Competition

Engineers want standardisation andhigh volume

Economists want competition at everylevel in the commercial model

We have to identify architectures thatsatisfy both the above with :

Long roadmap (3 meters = 45 years)

High functionality

Low cost

Low power consumption


15/20

15

GB Roll-out

25M Homes

25M E-meters

22M G-meters

5 year roll-out (2011-2016 ?) 180k meters/week

Replacement roll-out (15 year)

60k meters/week

Misses 2017 target completion


16/20

16

Technical difficulties

Gas (and Water) meters dont have power

Target is 15 year operation from one LithiumAA cell

Average consumption = 15uA at 3V

Blocks of flats

Meters can be remote from Homes

Communications partitioning

LAN, inside home, not political

WAN, outside home, political, commercialmodel, ownership structure

Data

Security

Ownership Flexibility v Cost

2 or 3 box solutions ?


17/20

17

GB LAN Options

ERA / SRSM Committee :

www.energy-retail.org.uk/smartmeters

Licenced Band

184 MHz

Unlicensed bands

868 MHz 2.4 GHz

6 standards still being considered :

Wireless M-Bus at 868 MHz

Wavenis at 868 MHz

Z-Wave at 868 MHz

ZigBee at 868 MHz

ZigBee at 2.4 GHz

Bluetooth Low Energy at 2.4 GHz


18/20

18

Metrology

All European devices must be MID approved

Measuring Instruments Directive

In general the industry is happy with existing sensortechnologies :

Mechanical bellows gas meters

Solid state electricity meters

Most R&D effort is focussed on :

Communications

Payment mechanisms

User interface

with :

Low cost

Low power Flexibility

Long roadmap

Software upgrades (in field)


19/20

19

How can we help you ?

Climate

Energy Security

Legal

Standards

RF

Wireless

MechanicsElectronics

Software

Users

Suppliers

Government

Product

Definition

Market

Model

Design

Process

Metering

Products

Metering

Products

Metering

Products

Client ?

Meters (EGWH)Displays

Gateways

? ...


20/20

20

Thank you

Questions ?

[email protected]

Future of Metering

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