Future Directions in LID Research and Outreach at the ... · Future Directions in LID Research ......
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Ani Jayakaran, PhD PE John Stark, PhD Washington State University Washington Stormwater Center ACWA Stormwater Summit, Eugene OR. May 11, 2016 Future Directions in LID Research and Outreach at the Washington Stormwater Center
Transcript of Future Directions in LID Research and Outreach at the ... · Future Directions in LID Research ......
Ani Jayakaran, PhD PE John Stark, PhD
Washington State University Washington Stormwater Center
ACWA Stormwater Summit, Eugene OR. May 11, 2016
Future Directions in LID Research and Outreach at the
Washington Stormwater Center
WSU Puyallup
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Established 1894 Within 50 miles of 60% of state’s population 125 faculty and staff 10 statewide programs Salmon Toxicology Research facility, IPM training facility, LID facility (2011)
The urban stream
Askarizadeh et al. / Environmental Science & Technology 49 (2015)
LID
Impediments to Integrated Urban Stormwater Management: The Need for Institutional Reform – Brown 2005
“Stormwater Management”
Extreme events drive engineering design
Image: http://www.class.noaa.gov/
Presenter
Presentation Notes
While small scale is good – most traditional engineers are taught to design for the extreme condition.
Natural systems
Classic Engineering
Landscape Scale
Comparing Sediment Yield
Jayakaran, Anand D., Susan M. Libes, Daniel R. Hitchcock, Natasha L. Bell, and David Fuss, 2013. Flow, Organic, and Inorganic Sediment Yields from a Channelized Watershed in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12148
Jayakaran, Anand D., Susan M. Libes, Daniel R. Hitchcock, Natasha L. Bell, and David Fuss, 2013. Flow, Organic, and Inorganic Sediment Yields from a Channelized Watershed in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12148
Only developed areas
urban
forested
Two forested watersheds – one hurricane
Flow differences between watersheds
Stream Scale
Lane’s Stream Balance Sediment Load & Size vs Stream Flow & Slope
Self-organization as a natural process
Benches
Jayakaran, A. D., and A. D. Ward. 2007. Geometry of Inset Channels and the Sediment Composition of Fluvial Benches in Agricultural Drainage Systems in Ohio. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 62(4), 296-307.
Plot Scale Monitoring
Graphic: Andrew Mack – WSU, Puyallup
Water table change in four rain gardens - SC in 4 different landscape positions
Wat
er ta
ble
elev
atio
n be
low
gro
und
leve
l (cm
)
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
)
Well-drained uplands
Poorly drained uplands Riparian floodplain w underdrain
Tidal zone proximal
1:1 Plots - Inflow vs Outflow concentrations -SC
20
200
2000
20000
20 200 2000 20000
Shallow
20 200 2000 20000
Deep
20 200 2000 20000
Deeper
Nitrate
Influent (ppb)
Efflu
ent (
ppb)
10
100
1000
10000
10 100 1000 10000
BAR1 BAR2MPL CCUHCM 1:1
10 100 1000 10000 10 100 1000 10000
Ortho-P
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Presentation Notes
Nitrate, Ammonia, and TDN (not picture) removal occurred al all the sites with the exception of CCU. CCU exported the different forms of nitrogen, this could have been cause by shrubs that were planted in the cell. Wax Myrtles tend to house nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules located on the root system. Those bacteria tend to fix molecular nitrogen to ammonia at a high rate. A second possibility is the age of the cell affecting performance. In general, the deep zone had the best removal of nitrates
Next steps
1. Performance of bioretention system appears to be dependent on antecedent, and prevailing hydrologic conditions. (landscape position?)
2. No two systems are alike – need improved design criteria that speak to this variability.
3. Need a better handle on transpirational processes in bioretention systems.
4. How to ‘stack’ LID practices on a landscape scale to achieve most impact - cost vs culture vs biogeochemistry
Sap flux at tree stand level
Sap Flow and Vapor Pressure Deficit – time series
Diurnal variation in ground water and sap flow
• Super impose groundwater and sap flow for a few days
Recap • Landscape scale – need to lower surface runoff and
increase infiltration.
• Reach scale – need to create environments that can dissipate stream energy, enhance flood plain connectivity, promote vegetative controls and self organization.
• Plot scale – need to account for local variability and use vegetation more extensively.
Askarizadeh,et al. (2015)
Next steps – plot scale
Next steps – plot scale
Martin-Mikle, C.J., de Beurs, K.M., Julian, J.P. and Mayer, P.M., 2015. Identifying priority sites for low impact development (LID) in a mixed-use watershed. Landscape and Urban Planning, 140, pp.29-41.
Next steps – landscape scale
Top-down and bottom-up approach proposed to optimize location and placement of GSI.
Next steps – landscape scale
Prototype GSI location suitability map. A) topographic wetness index, B) population density, C) land use suitability, D) soil suitability.
Preliminary spatial analysis of socioeconomic vulnerability in the Puyallup River watershed. A) fraction of people of color, B) fraction below poverty, C) fraction unable to speak English.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here tell story about ditches in ohio and how its important to include social and economic indicators. Talk about Mark’s study
WSU Puyallup – LID test facilities
