Fungus Among Us

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Fungus Among Us 7 th Grade Life Science Mr. McKay

description

Notes for chapter 4 in Prentice hall science books for parade of life.

Transcript of Fungus Among Us

Page 1: Fungus Among Us

Fungus Among Us

7th Grade Life ScienceMr. McKay

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Forms• There are 3 forms of Fungus

– Sac– Club– Zygospore

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Structure• Most are Multi-cellular

– few are unicellular• Yeast

• Plantlike– Do not move

• Have a cell wall

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Fungus Reproduction

• Fruiting Body– Produces spores

• Spores– Tiny cells enclosed in a protective cell wall

• Budding– Yeasts

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Forms:Mushrooms• Structure

– Stalk– Ring– Cap

• Cap Spores• Gills

– Hyphae

Mushroom Madness

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Toadstool Vs. Mushroom

• “Toadstool“– Often, but not

exclusively, applied to poisonous mushrooms

– German "todesstuhl" translates as "death's stool“

– The classic example of a toadstool is Amanita muscaria.

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Forms:Mold

• Molds– Include all species of

microscopic fungi that grow in the form of multicellular filaments, called hyphae

• threadlike structures that anchor and transport food to other parts of fungus

•Mold Spore

•Molds reproduce through small spores

•Some can remain airborne indefinitely, and many are able to survive extremes of temperature and pressure

Mold Video

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Sir Alexander Fleming• Scottish scientist

– 1928, Discovered a substance by the mold Penicillium could kill certain bacteria that were associated with infections

Fleming VideoHyphae Spores

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Forms:

Yeast• Single Celled– Bread dough

rises as yeast grows and produces carbon dioxide

– Reproduce by budding

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Fungi Affects on Other Organisms

• Disease in plants – Destroy plants and crops

• Corn Smut

• Produce toxins – Can injure or kill humans

and animals • Aflatoxin can cause cancer

– Produced in stored grain when moist

• Ergot – replaces grains of rye with poison spikes causes hallucinations and convulsions

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Disease in Humans

• Athletes Foot

• Ringworm

• Thrush

• Valley Fever

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Helpful Fungus• Fungus – root

association – Mycorrhizae- a symbiotic

association between a fungus and the roots of a plant

• Help host gather nutrients

• Protect from disease caused by other fungi

– Helpful fungi coat about 80% of the world’s plants

– Fairy Rings• Some mycorrhizae send

up mushrooms or puffballs

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Lichens• Lichens are very diverse in their environment

– Lichens are made of fungus and alga– Very hot to very cold, neither of which either could live

in alone

• Fungus and alga live together – Alga

• Uses sunlight to produce food• Lacks true roots, stems, and leaves

– Fungi • Provides water and minerals • Absorbed from what it may be growing on

– Pioneers• One of first living organisms rocky barren areas

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Decomposers • Some fungi the parasitic and

mutualistic symbionts, obtain their nutrients from living organisms.

• This activity of fungi is essential for the continuation of life on earth. The fungi play an important part in degrading these molecules and thereby replenishing the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere.

• Without degradative processes, life on earth would probably come to an end after a few decades because of the accumulation of plant remains and lack of free atmospheric carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

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Fungus as Food• Fungi have been exploited since ancient times to

produce various types of foods and beverages. – Ancient Egyptians regarded fermentation as a gift from

the god Osiris– Where as ancient Romans attributed the appearance

of mushrooms and truffles to lightening bolts cast to the earth by Jupiter

– Today there are hundreds of food products which involve the use of a fungal organism for their production.

• Examples of such food products are: fermented beverages, mushrooms, soy sauce and aged cheeses.

Truffle Farming

Fungus in Man