Fungi. Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other...
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Fungi
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Characteristics of Fungi Eukaryotes Most are _____cellular Not closely related to other kingdoms of
organisms
Fungi were once placed in the _____ kingdom
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Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi are not green……why? Fungi do not have __________ and cannot
capture energy from sunlight Instead, they get energy and organic
molecules from their surroundings
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Structure Fungi are made of cells in
long, slender filaments; Hyphae
Each hypha is a long string of individual cells separated by walls called septa
Septa have holes in them to let _________ and ________ travel between cells
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Structure As they grow, hyphae
branch and tangle to form a mass called a mycelium
Not all fungi have hyphae or a mycelium; Yeasts
Usually, the only part of the fungus you see are its _________________ structures!
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Cell walls of fungi Made up of chitin Same tough material is
also found in exoskeletons of ___________ and arthropods
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Fungi digest food outside their bodies Some fungi attack living ______ and ________ Others attack dead organisms Hyphae break down organic matter and absorb
nutrients
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Reproduction Fungi reproduce by __________ Spores produce a new individual fungus Spores can be carried by ______ currents or
by animals Moisture causes spores to rapidly grow into a
hypha
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P.O.D. 4/7/09
How can fungi be beneficial to people?
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Fungi Lifecycle
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Groups of Fungi
ZygomycetesAscomycetes
Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes
Spores produced on stalks that grow from a
zygosporangium
Spores produced in saclike
reproductive structures
Spores form at tips of clublike reproductive
structures
Unusual, rare, or not observed reproduction
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Bread Molds Zygomycetes Form reproductive structures called
zygosporangia Spores can remain _________ for months Spread by wind/air currents
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Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes Yeasts, mildews, morels, truffles Spores form in _________ Without ascomycetes, no bread, pizza, rolls,
moldy cheeses like Camembert and Roquefort
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Club fungi - Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs Largest group of fungi Reproductive structures are _______ shaped
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Fungi Imperfecti - Deuteromycetes Common molds No known method of
sexual reproduction Penicillium notatum Produces the antibiotic
penicillin Deuteromycetes can
cause skin diseases such as athlete’s foot
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Fungi Plants Mycorrhizae Symbiotic relationship
between fungi and plants
Fungi gives water and minerals
Plant gives photosynthetically produced food
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Fungi Algae Lichen Mutualistic relationship
between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria
Fungi absorbs water and minerals from environment
Algae uses nutrients for photosynthesis and provides organic molecules
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Lichens Can survive in very
harsh conditions Susceptible to air
pollution Acts as an indicator
for scientists to track air pollution
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Humans Fungi Yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae Penicillin – Penicillium notatum Cyclosporine – made by fungi, helps body
accept organ transplants (50%90%) Yeasts are used for genetic engineering, may
lead to new treatments for AIDS and cancer
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Humans Fungi Fungi cause diseases in
crops Farmers lose billions of
dollars per year from fungal crop diseases
Histoplasma capsulatum – causes histoplasmosis, a serious and sometimes fatal disease in humans