Fundamentals Of Oil & Gas Hydraulic System Simulation

AMESim’s role in Oil and Gas Industry

2 copyright LMS International - 2007

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Agenda

Subsea hydraulics and control system performance simulation

HPU smulation

Valve/actuator modeling

Accumulator performance

Umbilical behavior

Dynamic response of steel tubes and thermo-plastic hose

Choke simulation

Distribution/branching behavior

Pipeline simulation – hydrostatic head, flow behavior

Recovery time analysis

Emergency shutdown response time and behavior

System charge-up transients


AMESim Libraries used for this Analysis


HPU Simulation Capability

Hydraulic Power Unit is assumed to consist of

Low Pressure Unit

High Pressure Unit

Each Pressure Unit consists of

Motor

Hydraulic Pump (Piston pumps or Vane pumps)

Relief valve (Safety valve)

Accumulators (High pressure and Low pressure)

HPU Valves

Check valves


HPU Simulation Capability

Operating Conditions:

•Both Pumps are switched “ON” by their motors at the start of

Simulation.

•HPU valves are closed so as to charge up the Accumulators


HPU Simulation Capability : Axial Piston Pump Model

Pressure feedback


Design Optimization for Pump performance

o DOE: Design of Experiments Parameter study

Full factorial

Central composite

o Optimization NLPQL

Genetic Algorithm

o Quality Engineering Methods (Robustness, Reliability) Monte-Carlo Analysis


Valve / Actuator Modeling Capability

Subsea Control Module controls the Valves that direct flow to the Actuators

SCMs contains a Supply line from the Umbilicals, a return line to the sea and

numerous valves

In this AMESim model, valves are modeled using the Geometric details like spool

diameter, spring stiffness, masses, etc.

Supercomponent

for simplifying the

sketch

Signal to

control

the valves


Accumulator Simulation

AMESim’s Hydraulic library consists of several different types of orifices with/without heat

exchange out through convection.

Accumulators are available in both Hydraulic and Thermal-Hydraulic libraries

Although all the Accumulators are based on perfect gases, we have One submodel with

Real gases equations. (Benedict-Webb-Rubin based Real gas equations: HPACC001)

Accumulator filling times


Umbilical Simulation

• A large collection of line/Hose models available that are based on the different physical phenomenon.

•Compressibility: Material properties, wall thickness, volume of pipe, Bulk modulus of oil/air/pipe contributes to the compliance of the pipe/hose

•Resistance: Frictional drag in the pipes as a function of Laminar and Turbulent flow depends on the roughness factor in the inner diameter of pipes

•Inertia: Kinetic energy associated to the geometrical properties of the pipe (Length, Area)

• Low-fidelity (lumped) and hi-fidelity (distributive) lines models available.

• Distributive line models are used for understanding the hydraulic aspects for VERY LONG PIPES. These lines are used for representing the higher harmonics.

•More than 30 different lines/Hose models available in AMESim’s Hydraulic library. User can choose amongst them depending on the dynamics that he’s interested in observing.

Automatic line selection

process embedded within

AMESim


Umbilicals Modeling in AMESim

During the simulation, orifice at the end of

the pipe is closed. It is opened at 3000 sec

for a duration of 100 sec and closed again


Choke Simulation Capability

AMESim libraries consists of several choke/orifice

submodels

Flowrates are computed depending on the

laminar/turbulent factors

Following fixed and variable choke models are

available:

Circular orifices with either geometrical or

Pressure-flow characteristics

Orifices characterized with data tables (Q vs. P)

Short tubes

Non-circular chokes modeled using Hydraulic

diameter

Variable

Orifice/Choke


Distribution / Branching Capability

UTA (Umbilical Termination Unit) can be modeled with

these submodels to consider the minor and major pressure

losses

Considers both static and dynamic pressure losses

AMESim’s Hydraulic Resistance library consists of different

types of geometrical components like

Bends

T-junctions

Drilled intersecting holes

Expansion / contraction models


Model other Subsea components

AMESim libraries can be used for modeling components in both Lumped or Detailed level

Solenoids can be modeled with the Electromechanical library so as to capture the electrical time response of the valves.

Poppet valves, Spool valves, Flapper valves, etc can be modeled using the HCD library

Flowforces are considered in these models so as to be accurate in the valve dynamics

Some subsea Components that can be modeled are

Electro-Hydraulic control valves (Failsafe)

Electro-Hydraulic solenoid actuators & gate valves

Pressure reducing and regulating valves

Hydraulic check valves

Directional Control valves

Filter assemblies


Complete Assembly of the Subsea Control System

This schematic shows the

complete assembly of the

subsea hydraulic control

system

HPU

Umbilicals

SCM

Gate valves/ Actuators

Christmas trees

HPU Valve

Vent Valve (ESD)

HPU

SCM


Hydrostatic Head Modeling Capability

AMESim hydraulic line models compute the

hydrostatic head depending on the angle of

inclination of the pipe, depth of the pipe and

the oil property

Distributive line model show the pressures at

the intermediate nodes in a line

Units can be changed on independent

properties.

Hydrostatic pressure = density * gravity *

height (@7000 ft)

= 176 bar


Fluid Simulation Capability: Aeration and Cavitation

Bulk modulus [bars]

0 %

0.1 %2 %

10 %

Numerous built-in databases of both

hydraulic and Thermal-hydraulic fluids

Easy to create fluids using data files from

test data

Utilities provided that allows in creation

of such fluids

Influence of different air content in the oil affects the bulk modulus until Saturation pressure


Open and Closed Loop System capability

AMESim provides both the plant modeling and

the controller modeling capabilities

In this example, a hydraulic actuator is modeled

Pump

Relief valve

Electro-Hydraulic Directional control valve

Actuator

AMESim models can also be interfaced with

several other softwares that are used for control

system modeling.

In EXAMPLE 1: An open loop system is

modeled. There’s no control on the movement of

the actuator. As long as the DCV is open,

actuator moves in the right direction.

In EXAMPLE 2: A position feedback loop is

modeled. The DCV control signal is calculated

based on the position obtained from a

displacement sensor that is connected on the

actuator.

A basic closed loop control is created using the

CONTROL library.

Example 1: Open loop Example 2: Closed loop


Outputs / Post Processing capabilities

o True transients with ODE and DAE

Water hammer effect with a frequency

dependent friction line modelo Easy-to-use post-processing capabilities:

Replay

3D Views

2D Plots

Animation


User Friendly features

Detailed HELP documentation for equations behind every component

Libraries are developed based on the physics of the components

Dialog boxes with HELP links

Supercomponents (Simplification and Encryption of models)

Watch parameters / variables window: Quick change of parameters

Post processing capabilities

Quick Editing of parameters (common, global and batch parameters)

Table editor

Zoom on sketch and supercomponents

Undo/Redo

Load/Save category path list

Load/Save Plotting configuration files (allows replotting of set of curves)

New aliases/unique identifier


Technical Support

Self Support

Excellent Online documentation & Help system

3500 Documented, ready-to-use demo models

Technical Support

6 Qualified engineers in Troy, MI

LiveMeeting/Phone/Fax/Email

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Training

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Consulting / Engineering Services

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Fundamentals Of Oil & Gas Hydraulic System Simulation

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