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Fundamentals of-algorithm
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Fundamentals of algorithm
SUNAWAR KHAN MSCS
IIUI
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Origin of Word algorithm
The word Algorithm comes from the name of the muslim author Abu Ja’far Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khowarizmi. He was born in the eighth century at Khwarizm (Kheva), a town south of river Oxus in present Uzbekistan.
Uzbekistan, a Muslim country for over a thousand years, was taken over by the Russians in 1873.
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Origin of Word algorithm
His year of birth is not known exactly. Al-Khwarizmi parents migrated to a place south of Baghdad when he was a child.
It has been established from his contributions that he flourished under Khalifah Al-Mamun at Baghdad during 813 to 833 C.E. Al-Khwarizmi died around 840 C.E.
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Origin of Word algorithm
Much of al-Khwarizmi’s work was written in a book titled al Kitab al-mukhatasar fi hisab al-jabr wa’l-muqabalah (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing).
It is from the titles of these writings and his name that the words algebra and algorithm are derived. As a result of his work, al-Khwarizmi is regarded as the most outstanding mathematician of his time
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Algorithm: Informal Definition
An algorithm is any well-defined computational procedure that takes some values, or set of values, as input and produces some value, or set of values, as output.
An algorithm is thus a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into output.
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Algorithms, Programming
A good understanding of algorithms is essential for a good understanding of the most basic element of computer science: programming
Unlike a program, an algorithm is a mathematical entity, which is independent of a specific programming language, machine, or compiler.
Thus, in some sense, algorithm design is all about the mathematical theory behind the design of good programs
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Characteristics of algorithm
It should be finite: If your algorithm never ends trying to solve the problem it was designed to solve then it is useless.
It should have well defined instructions: Each step of the algorithm has to be precisely defined; the instructions should be unambiguously specified for each case.
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Characteristics of algorithm
It should be effective: The algorithm should solve the problem it was designed to solve. And it should be possible to demonstrate that the algorithm converges with just a paper and pencil.
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Example from daily life
Buy some food from super market
Making tea
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Representation of algorithms
There are to ways to represent an algorithm
Flow Charts Pseudocode
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Flowcharts
A flowchart is a type of diagram that uses an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows.
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This diagrammatic representation
This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem