Fundamentally strong up to a point 10€¦ · sound science and common sense to substan-tiate our...

Fundamentally strongup to a point

Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011

An affiliate of

Euro Chlor provides a focal point for the chlor-alkali industry’s drive to achieve a sustainable future through economically and environmentally sound manufacture and use of its products. Based in Brussels, at the heart of the European Union, the federation works with national, European and international authorities to ensure that legislation affecting the industry is workable, efficient and effective.

Euro Chlor©

Avenue E Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, box 2 - B-1160 Brussels - BelgiumT +32 2 676 72 11 - F + 32 2 676 72 [email protected] - www.eurochlor.org

10 Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011

Cover picture: Chlorine is produced in electrolysis cells, where an electric current is sent through brine, a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in water. Salt, water and electricity – the three basic raw materials of chlorine/caustic production – form the central themes of our Industry Review trilogy 2008-2011.In the 2008-2009 edition, we published artist’s impressions of electric current. The cover of the 2009-2010 Review was illustrated with beautiful water droplets, and this new edition shows salt crystals in their cubic mineral form.


CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011

Euro Chlor wishes to express its special thanks to the following individuals and companies which provided pictures and illustrations for this Review: AkzoNobel, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Isabelle Coppens, Michel Dvorak, ECSA, ECVM, INEOS ChlorVinyls, IUPAC – UNESCO, Françoise Minne, Solvay SOLARIMPULSE, Tecnopol srl, Tessenderlo Chemie

Design by www.witvrouwen.be

01 Introduction 04 Fundamentallystrong-uptoapoint

02 Sustainability 06 Learningsfromthefirst10yearprogramme

03 RegulatoryAffairs 22 Science-basedlegislationtosupportinnovation

04 Science 30 Effectiveadvocacybasedonsoundscience

05 Communication&education 38 Relevant,reliableandtimelyinformation

06 Industryoverview 42 Europeanchlor-alkaliindustryshootsbackup

07 Chlorineproductionplants 48 January2011

08 EuroChlor 50 Inthecentreofchlor-alkaliregulatoryandHSEissues

CH 02 03CONTENTS


01 Introduction

Askyourselfwhatfactorsneedtobeaddressedtobringaboutrecoveryfromtheeconomictur-moilwehaveexperiencedoverthepastthreeyearsandcompetitivitywillprobablybehighonyourlist.Nextaskwhataffectsyourabilitytocompeteandwhatcanyoudotocontrolitandensureyourcommercialfutureandtheanswersarealittlemoredifficulttofind.

Let’sbemorespecificandaskwhatcanbedonetoenabletheEuropeanChlorAlkaliIn-dustrytocompetewithinternationalcompeti-torsandpreventanerosionofmarketshare.

ThequestionisnotatrivialoneastheanswerdictatestheunderlyingmessageofEuroChlor’sadvocacyworkintheCommissionandEuropeanParliament.Areweafundamentallywellrun,costefficientindustrywhoneedstobenurturedorareweunabletorepeltheun-

deniablystrongcompetitionfromotherpartsoftheworlddoomingustoaslowandpainfuldemise!

Iamfirmlyconvincedthatitisnotthelatter–butthisisnottosaythatourfutureisguar-anteed.Wehavetoworktirelesslyinpursuitofourcompetitivenessandsustainability.

ReassuringlytheCommissionrecognisestheimportanceofEuropeancompetitivenessandhaslaunchedaninitiativetopromotethecompetitivenessofEuropeanindustry.CalledEurope Flagship 2020: An Industrial Policy for the Globalization Era itsays ’Industry must be placed centre stage if Europe is to remain a global Economic Leader’.ParaphrasingViceCom-missionerAntonioTajani“OnlyaEuropeanIndustrialPolicytargetingcompetitivenessandsustainabilitycanmusterthecriticalmassofchangeandcoordinationneededforsuccess.(…)Therewillbenosustainabilitywithoutcompetitiveness,andtherewillbenolong-lastingcompetitivenesswithoutsustain-ability.Andtherewillbenoneofthemwithoutaquantumleapininnovation!”

Meanwhile,themajorcostdriverforourin-dustryiselectricitywhichwiththehighestpriceintheworld–morethandoublecomparedtosomeregions–isaheavyburdentobear.Electricityefficiencyofourmembercompaniesisamongstthebestintheworldwhichunliketheelectricitycostissomethingwhichisunderourowncontrol.Thisistestamenttoourgoodindustrialandmanagementskillsandisproofpositivetomyearlierassertion.

Fundamentallystrong,up to a point

Thecurrentworktowinstateaidcompensa-tiontooffsetcarbondioxideemissioncostsforintensiveenergyconsumersiscrucialinthedriveforcompetitiveness.Thisiswheretheopeningquestionsbecomerelevant.Wearenotacrippledindustrylookingforhandoutsjusttoprolongtheagonyofinevitablefailure.Weareafundamentallyhealthyindustryabletocompetewiththerestoftheworldbut only up to a point.TheEuropeaneconomyneedsin-dustrieslikeoursabletoprovideemployment,paytaxes,andtoprovidethechemicalbuildingblocksforothermanufacturingindustries.

Thoughgovernmentsmaybereluctanttouselimitedcashresourcestosupportindustry,recognitionofdeserving,legitimatecaseslikeoursisvitalifEuropeanIndustrialPolicyinitia-tivesreferredtoabovearetobecredible.

Weremainoptimisticofapositiveoutcomebytheendof2011.

Handinglovewithcompetitivenessissus-tainability,anareawherewehavemuchtobeproudof.Ourfirst10yearsustainabilityprogrammeachievednotablesuccesseswithincreasedenergyefficiency,mercuryemissionreductionandtheincreaseduseofhydrogen(detailscanbefoundinSection2followingthisforeword).Oursecond10yearinitiativeonthejourneytowardsourgoalofindustrialimmortalityisnowlaunched.Wehavetakentheopportunitytobroadenourapproachtoincludeaspectsofeconomicandsocialfactors.

Thiswilltaketheformofsuccessstoriesshowingtheprogresswearemakinginareaslikebetterwaterusage,conservationoflocalwildlifehabitatsandthesociallyresponsibleuseofourproducts.

Weshouldnotdeludeourselvesontheeasebywhichwecanachievethisoreventheenthusiasmrequiredtocarryitthrough.Itisamajorchallengewhichwemustrespondtoasbefitsaseniorsectorofthechemicalindustryasawhole.Overthelasttwentyfiveyearswehavebuiltanadmirablereputationbasedontransparencyandawillingnesstoengageindebatewiththevariousauthoritiesusingsoundscienceandcommonsensetosubstan-tiateourpointofview.Ournewsustainabilityprogrammewilladvanceourreputationstillfurtherbyacknowledgingtheglobalissuesofavailabilityofcleanwater,feedingagrowingpopulationandbiodiversity.

Bealertfornewcommunicationsmaterialandbepreparedtouseitincommunicatingwithyouremployees,neighboursandnationalauthorities.Iwishyouasuccessfulandinterestingyear!

AlistairJ.SteelExecutive Director

PolyvinylchlorideorPVCiswidelyusedin

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02 Sustainability

Learnings from the first 10 year programme

”This first 10 year sustainability programme has helped us to better understand the trends in our industry. If some indicators showed clear improvements, even better than targeted, some others did not, and the companies have been asked to analyze their own performances and draw the conclusions for possible actions.At the other end, it appeared clearly that some of the indicators could be presented in a more positive way and that new interesting indicators could be added: this is the objective of a new programme.”

Alistair J. Steel

UnifiedstrategicapproachAlloftheEuropeanchlorinemanufacturingmembersofEuroChloragreedonanindustry-widestrategythatfocusedonsixvoluntarycommitments.Thesewerefirstdevelopedtoensureaunitedindustryapproachandcommitmenttoaddresskeysustainabilityconcerns:•Includeenvironmental,socialandeconomic

factorsinallstrategicbusinessdecisions;•Optimizeenergyefficiencyinchlorinepro-

duction;•Reducewaterusagethroughrecycling;•Continuouslyreducepollutingemissionsto

water,airandland;•Usemorehydrogengeneratedbytheindus-

tryasarawmaterialorfuel;•Givehighprioritytosafetransportationof

chlorine.

Withinthisframework,15performanceindica-torsweredefinedabout10yearsago,someofthemwithanimprovementtargetfor2010,inthefollowingmainareas:economicaspectsofproduction,environmentalprotection,safetyandsocialprogress.Eachyear,producershavereportedtheirprogresstoEuroChlor,whichconsolidatedtheresultsfortheassociation’sManagementCommitteepriortoannualpubli-cationoftheindustry’sperformance.

Inthissection,wesummarizethefinalresultsofthis10yearprogramme.Notalltheindica-torsshowthesamedegreeofprogress,butthelessonslearnedfromthisexercisewereveryusefulforthecompaniesandtheassociation,andtheManagementCommitteehasdecidedtoproposeanewprogrammeforthefuture.

EconomiccontributionEnergyuseTarget:By2010,reduceindustry-wideenergyconsumptionby5%intermsofkWh/tonneofchlorineproducedcomparedwiththe2001baseyear.

Update:forthelastyearoftheprogramme,theaverageenergyconsumptiondroppedsignificantlywithavalueof3,358kWh/tofchlorineproduced,about100kWhlowerthanthetarget,confirmingthegeneraltrendrelatedtotheprogressiveconversionfrommercurytomembranetechnology.

Background:Sinceelectricityisanindispens-ablerawmaterialofthechlorineproductionprocess,thebasicconsumption–correspond-ingtotheelectrochemicalreaction–cannotbesignificantlyreduced.However,convertingonetechnologyintoamoreefficientonemaysaveacertainamountofenergyand,toalesserdegree,reduceancillaryenergyuse.Theenergyindicatorisweight-averagedacrossallproduc-ersandbasedonsteamandelectricity.Energyismainlyusedforelectrolysis(transformers,rectifiersandcells)andalsoforilluminationandmotorpower(pumps,compressors,cen-trifuges,etc.).Steamisusedmainlyforcausticsodaconcentrationto50%andforminorutilitypurposes.

HydrogenproducedinchlorinemanufacturecanbeusedeffectivelyforpowergenerationviafuelcelltechnologyV

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Goal:95%useofhydrogenby2010Goal:5%reductionby 2010

Energyconsumption

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Hydrogenutilization

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HydrogenutilizationTarget:Increaseuseofhydrogengasfrom80%(2001)to95%by2010.

Update:In2010,thepercentageofhydrogenuseincreasedagain,reachingforthefirsttimemorethan90%(90.4%).Thisvalueremainsneverthelessquitelowcomparedtothetargetof95%.Aboutonefourthofthecompaniesarestillbelow80%,withafewremainingaround50%.

Comment:Asseveralfuelcellsprojectshavebeenannounced,andwiththedevelopmentofoxygendepolarizedcathodes(nohydrogenproduction),weareconfidentthatthispositivetrendwillcontinue,evenifslowly,inthefuture!

Background:High-qualityhydrogenisco-pro-ducedwithchlorineandcausticsodaduringtheelectrolysisofbrine.Thiscanbeusedasarawmaterialforotherprocessesorasfueltoproducesteam;technologiesaretodayinfinalindustrialdevelopmenttoallowforlocalelec-tricityrecoveryviafuelcells.Seepicturep.07.

ManufacturingtechnologyTarget:Thepercentageofchlorineproducedbymercurycells,diaphragmcells,membranecellsandothertechnologieswillbecommuni-catedonayearlybasis.

Update: Membranetechnologynowrepresentsmorethanthehalf(51.2%)oftheinstalledproductioncapacityofEuroChlormembers.Themercuryprocessaccountsfor31.8%atthebeginningof2011,continuingtheprogressivephaseoutofthistechnologyinlinewiththe

ChlorAlkalisector’svoluntaryagreement.Thediaphragmprocessstillaccountsforabitlessthan14%ofthetotalcapacity.Seealsothegraphonp.47.

EconomicdevelopmentTarget:EuroChlorhasdecidedtoreportmonthly,quarterlyandannuallydataonEuropeanproductionofchlorineandcausticsoda.Thisincludesutilizationrates,causticstocks,capacityandtechnologybyplantsandapplications.

Update: In2010,EuroChlorcontinuedtopub-lishonitswebsiteanddistributetothemediafiguresformonthlychlorineproductionandcausticsodastocks.TheIndustryReviewin-cludeseveryyearamapofEuropeshowingthelocationofallplantsandatableindicatingthelocation,ownership,technologiesandcapacityofeachplant(seep.49forthesituationatthebeginningof2010).

Safety&socialprogressLost-timeinjuriesTarget:Reducelost-timeinjuries(LTI)to1.3permillionworkinghoursforallworkers-bothcompanyemployeesandcontractorsworkinginproductionunits.

Update: Thegeneraltrendisgoingslightlyintherightdirection(particularlyforthecontrac-tors),butthevaluesarestillfarfromthetarget(7.5forcompaniesand7.8forcontractorsrespectively).


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Comment:Allkindsofaccidentsarecon-sideredhere-notonlythosespecifictothechlor-alkaliindustry.Itisalsoimportanttonotethattheindicatorsarerelatedtotheproduc-tionunits(andoftenmaintenanceactivities)withoutintegratingtheadministrativeandcommercialentities,thatallowlowerglobalfiguresatcompanylevel.Nevertheless,anumberofcompaniesstillhavealargemarginofimprovementforbothindicators.

Background:Alosttimeinjury(LTI)resultsinatleastonedayofabsencefromwork.ItisreportedasthenumberofLTIpermillionworkinghours.Thefiguresfromcompaniesreportingonathreedayperiodofabsenceareconvertedtoa“oneday”equivalentusingaCeficcorrelation.

ProcessincidentsandlossesTarget:A75%reductioninthenumberofpro-cessincidentsfrom67(2001)to15.

Update:Afteraremarkabledecreaseinthenumberofaccidents,theindicatorsremainedfor3yearsatthelevelofthetargetbeforeincreasingsignificantlyinthelastfewyearstoreachavalueof27.

Comment:Pastresultsshowthatthe2010targetcanbeachieved,buteffortsareneededinthefuture.

PVCsustainabledevelopmentontrackdespitetheglobalrecession

AsreportedbyVinyl2010inits2011annualprogressre-port,theEuropeanPVCindustryrecyclednearly261,000tonnesofthischorine-basedplasticin2010,exceedingbyfarthe10-yeartargetof200,000tonnespost-consumerPVCtoberecycledandthisdespitethedifficultiesfacedintheyearsofcrisis.

Alltheinformationreportedisindependentlyauditedandverifiedbyexternalthirdparties.ThenewestReportVinyl2010–10yearscanbeconsultedanddownloadedfromwww.vinyl2010.org.

Vinyl 2010 is a voluntary commitment from industrygroups representing the complete PVC value-chain: theEuropean Council of Vinyl Manufacturers (ECVM), theEuropeanPlasticsConverters(EuPC),theEuropeanSta-biliser Producers Association (ESPA) and the EuropeanCouncilforPlasticisersandIntermediates(ECPI).

PVCconstitutesoneofthemostsustainablematerialsinconstruction

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ISO14001 EMAS

Background:Incidentsareclassifiedaseventsinvolvingafire,explosionorthereleaseofchlorine,hydrochloricacid,sulphuricacid,sodiumhypochlorite(bleach)orcausticsoda,whichcauseafatality,seriousinjuryorpropertydamageexceeding€100,000.Lossesincludeanyoftheabovechemicalspillsinair,waterorland,whichimpacthumanhealthortheenvi-ronment,propertyorresultinevacuation.

TransportationTargets:Thetonnageofchlorinetransportedwillbereportedannuallyaswellasthemodeoftransportinvolved;additionally,zero‘transportincidents’involvingthebulkmovementofchlorineby2010hasbeensetasatarget.

Update:Twotransportationincidentswerereportedin2010,whilefouroccurredin2009andonlyonein2008.Thequantityofchlorinetransportedin2010increasedabitafterthedipcausedbytheeconomiccrisis,butstillisatalowervaluethanin2008:chlorineproduc-ersinEuropetransported522,000tonnesofchlorine,withalmost80%beingshippedbyrailandtheremainderbyroad.Thetransportofchlorine(excludingpipelines)representedalittlemorethan5%ofthe2010production.Theaveragedistancechlorinewastransportedbyrailremainedabout490kmand190kmbyroad.

Background:A“chlorinetransportincident”isonewhicheitherinvolvesdeathorinjury,aspill/leakofmorethan5kg,substantialpropertydamage,publicdisruptionofmorethanonehourortheinterventionofemergencyservicesormediacoverage.Theamountof

chlorinetransportedinEuropebyrailandroadhashalvedduringthepastdecade.Chlorinemovementhasbeendecoupledfromproduc-tionthroughsupplier/customerrelocationsandmoreuseoflocalpipelines.Railtransportdominates;roadtransportforbulksupplyisusedonlyintheUnitedKingdomand,toalimitedextent,inSpain,FranceandPortugal.

Note:noneoftheincidentshasledtoachlo-rineleak.

ResponsibleCareTarget:Allchlorine-producingmembersofEuroChlortosignuptothe‘ResponsibleCare’initiativesby2010.

Update: Threecompaniesofthe35werenotconvincedofthedesirabilityofaformalcommitmentandhadstillnotsignedfortheprogrammeattheendof2010.

Background:ResponsibleCareisthechemicalindustry’sglobalvoluntaryinitiativebywhichcompanies,throughnationalassociations,worktogethertocontinuouslyimprovetheirhealth,safetyandenvironmentalperformanceandtocommunicatewithstakeholdersabouttheirproductsandprocesses.ResponsibleCarewasconceivedinCanadaandlaunchedin1985toaddresspublicconcernsaboutchemi-calmanufacture,distributionanduse.Thenumberofnationalchemicalindustryassocia-tionsembracingtheResponsibleCareethichasgrownconsiderablyfrom6to52countriessince1992.

10 CHLORINE INDUSTRY REVIEW 2010-2011

ResponsibleCare®istheglobalchemicalindustryinitiativetocontinuouslyimprovehealth,safetyandenvironmentalperformance

Environmentalprotection-COCemissionsTarget:Emissionsof22chlorinatedorganiccompounds(COCs)tobereducedin2010by75%towaterandby50%toairagainstthe2001baseyear.

Update:Atendoftheprogramme,COCemis-sionsfrommanufacturingplantsconfirmedgloballytheresultsfromthelastyearsforbothwaterandaircompartments,withevensomefurtherimprovementfortheairemissions;theconsolidatedvaluesstayedat78%reductionforwater,andreachedmorethan75%fortheairperformance.

Background:TheCOCswereselectedfromvariousinternationalregulatoryprioritylistsforemissionsreductionsandcomprisethefollow-ingsubstances:1,1,1-trichloroethane;1,1,2-tri-chloroethane;1,2-dichlorobenzene;1,2-dichloroethane;1,4-dichlorobenzene;2-chlorophenol;3-chlorophenol;4-chlorophenol;carbontetra-chloride;chlorine;chlorobenzene;chloroform;dichloromethane;dioxins&furans(asTEQ);hexachlorobenzene;hexachlorobutadiene;hexachlorocyclohexane;pentachlorophe-nol;tetrachloroethylene;trichlorobenzene;trichloroethyleneandvinylchloride.In2005,pentachlorobenzenewasaddedtothelistofthesubstancestobemonitored,inlinewiththerequirementsoftheEUWaterFrameworkDirective.Toprovidealonger-termperspec-tiveofthesector’scommitmenttoreducingemissions,thedatashownspanstheperiod1985-2010.

CH 02

TrainedasachemicalengineerandwithalongexperienceinchlorineproductionunitswithintheSolvayGroup,Jean-PolDebellehasbeensecondedtoEuroChlorformorethansixyearstotakechargeofthetechnicalaspectsofhealth,safetyandenvironmentalprotectionissues(HSE).

ContinuousimprovementinHSEfieldsThetechnicalactivitiesoftheassociationstartedwithitscre-ationmorethan60yearsago.SeveralWorkingGroupsfacili-tatedexperienceexchangesbetweenmembercompaniesinthesafety,healthandenvironmentalprotectionareas.Thisexperienceisformalizedinthepublicationofguidancedocuments,periodicallyupdatedandsharedwithallmem-bersviatheEuroChlorwebsite.Onaglobal level (theWorldChlorineCouncil),EuroChlorisworkingwith its internationalpartnerassociationstoen-hanceHSEaspectsofchlor-alkaliproduction,andespeciallyonsafetyviatheWorldChlorineCouncilGlobalSafetyTeam(WCC GST), whose secretariat Euro Chlor is managing fortwoyears.

InsupportofregulatoryworkThetechnicalactivitiesincludesupporttotheregulatoryac-tivitiesofEuroChlorthroughthecollectionandanalysisoftechnicaldata.Thisrangesfromworkers’exposuretochlorine,mercuryandelectromagneticfieldstoemissionsofmercurytoair,waterandproducts,handlingofwaste,evolutionoftheproductiontechnologiesandspecificenergyconsumption.EuroChlorisalsoworkingcloselywiththenationalauthori-tiesforthepreparationofthenewBATreferencedocument(BREF) which is of vital importance for the permitting ofchlor-alkaliproductionactivitiesinEurope.EuroChlorhasjustcompleteda10yearsustainabilitymoni-toring programme during which the evolution of a largenumberofsustainabilityparametersarepublishedannually,contributing to the transparency of the sector towards allstakeholders.

Jean-PolDebelleTechnicalDirector

“Continuousim-provementinsafety,healthandenviron-mentalprotectionremainsastrongbasicmissionofourassociation.”

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MercuryemissionsTarget:Althoughallotherprogrammedeadlinesarefor2010,theindustrydecidedtomaintainanearlier1998commitmenttoachieveby2007anemissiontargetof1.5gHg/tchlorinecapacityforeachindividualplant.Theindustryelectedtokeeptheearlierdate,sincefromOctober2007allEUchlor-alkaliplantswhethermembrane,mercuryordiaphragmsrequireanoperatingpermitundertheIntegratedPollutionPreventionandCon-trol(IPPC)Directive.

Update: OverallEuropeanemissionsin2010amountedto0.88gHg/tonnechlorinecapa-city,witharealimprovementcomparedtothepreviousyears(0.93gHg/tin2009and0.92gHg/tin2008).TheaveragemercuryemissionsforWesternEuropeancountriesremainedatabout0.76g/tcapacity(seegraphonp.13).

Comment:Plantsthathadquitehighemis-sionsintheliquideffluentlastyeardidshowsomenoticeableimprovement,enablingglobalemissionstostartgoingdownagain.Unfor-tunately,fourplantsarestillabovethe2007targetof1.5gHg/tonnechlorinecapacityforthetotalemissions,oneofthembeingevenatthelevelof2.5gHg/tchlorinecapacity.

ProductknowledgeTarget:Theindustryagreedtoprovidefulleco-toxicologicalandenvironmentaldataon29chlorinatedsubstancesundertheInterna-tionalCouncilofChemicalAssociations/OECDinitiativeonhighproductionvolume(HPV)chemicals.

Update:Thesedatahavebeenpublished-exceptforfourHPVchemicalswhichwereeithernolongerrelevant(notcommerciallyavailableanymore)orarecoveredunderREACHwitharegistrationdeadlineofDecem-ber1st2010.KeysubstancepropertydataofsubstancesregisteredunderREACHwillbemadepubliclyavailable.

EnvironmentalaccreditationTarget:AllfullmemberstogainEMASand/oratleastISO14001EnvironmentalAccreditationfortheirplantsby2010.

Update: therewasanincreaseinthenumberofISO14001accreditationsin2010,from54to57onatotalof66plants.Therearestill14productionsiteswithEMASaccreditation.

Background:EMAS(TheEco-ManagementandAuditScheme)istheEUvoluntaryinstru-mentwhichacknowledgesorganizationsthatimprovetheirenvironmentalperformanceonacontinuousbasis.EMASregisteredorganiza-tionsarelegallycompliant,runanenvironmen-talmanagementsystemandreportontheirenvironmentalperformancethroughpublica-tionofanindependentlyverifiedenvironmentalstatement.ISO14001isaninternationalqual-ityassurancestandardtoevaluateanorganiza-tion’senvironmentalmanagementsystemsandencouragecontinuousimprovement.Ithelpsorganizationsminimisenegativeenvi-ronmentalimpacts(onair,waterorland),andcomplywithapplicablelaws/regulationsandotherenvironmentally-orientedrequirements.ItisoftenthecasethatISO14001isusedasapartoftheEMASregistrationprocess.

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Wolfgang Marquardt studied chemistry and sharpened hisprofile on toxicology during his PhD thesis in Munich. HejoinedEuroChlor in 2007.WolfgangMarquardt startedassciencemanagerintheEuropeanChlorinatedSolventAsso-ciation(ECSA),becomingsectorgroupmanagerofECSAin2009.HeisresponsiblefortheECSAmanagementandthedifferentworkinggroupssuchastheGeneralTechnical,Oc-cupationalandEnvironmentalHealth,Product,Communica-tionandOutreach,andSustainabilityGroups.

ECSAsustainabilityprogrammeinanutshellECSAstarteditssustainabilityprogrammein2007withtheambitiousaimtocoverthewholechlorinatedsolventsvaluechain.Theprogrammewaspreparedbyanindependentcon-sultancywiththemissiontoensureresponsibleproduction,distribution,useandend-of-lifemanagementofchlorinatedsolvents.Nineobjectivesweresetunderthethreevisionele-ments:Sustainabilitybyproductandapplication;Valuechainengagement;Stakeholderengagementandcommunication.

ECSA reviewed the progress in 2011. The sheer number ofresultsisalreadyimpressive:forexample,ECSAanalyzed60applicationsandsummarizedrecommendations forsafe&sustainableuseofchlorinatedsolventsinanonlinetoolbox.ThisProduct&ApplicationToolboxcontainsrecommenda-tionsformorethan350individualactivities.

Notonlythequantitybutalsothequalityoftheresultsinthesustainabilityprogrammeisworthyofmention:forexample,oneof thesixawarenessprogrammeswiththevaluechainhasledtoanExcellenceAwardforECSA’scontribution.

European Chlorinated Solvents Producers can be proud ofthe substantial progress that has been made under theirECSA Sustainability Programme between 2007 and 2011.ECSA will continue its efforts in pro-active communicationtowardsstakeholders,suchastherevampedwebsitewhichdelivers comprehensive information about chlorinated sol-ventsandadds tools fora furtherdialoguewith thedown-streamusersofchlorinatedsolvents.

WolfgangMarquardtECSAManager

“WecanreportsubstantialprogressinourECSAsustain-abilityprogramme”

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ECSA Sustainability Programme: Progress Report 2007-2011

VisionElementSustainabilitybyproduct

&application

VisionElementStakeholderengagement

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VisionElementValuechainengagement

VisionRecognizedasasustainableindustry,deliveringbeneficialproducts&services,

whilstmeetingandanticipatingsocietal,environmentalandhealthneeds

MissionECSAactivelydrivesasustainabilityprogrammeensuringresponsibleproduction,use

andend-of-lifemanagementofitsproductsalongthevaluechain;itworkstogetherwithkeystakeholdersandcommunicatesprogress

Oneofthewell-researchedcategoriesofchem-icals,chlorinatedsolventsareusedinavarietyofapplications,whicharemainlyindustrial.Thepropertiesandthehealthandenvironmen-talcharacteristicsoftheseproductshavebe-comebetterknownovertheyears;asaresult,thechlorinatedsolventsindustryhasengagedinactiveriskmanagementandriskreductionprogrammes,including,forexample,thede-velopmentofsolventsmanagementservices.

DuringthecourseofimplementingmeasuresundertheECSASustainabilityProgramme,theREACHlegislationwasintroducedinEurope,andECSAintegratedREACHaspectsintotheexistingSustainabilityProgramme.TheECSASustainabilityProgrammeallowsECSAtoreviewconsistentlyandindepththesustain-abilityofchlorinatedsolvents,andtosetitselfchallengingthoughachievablelong-termobjec-tivesensuringthesustainableuseandend-of-lifemanagementofchlorinatedsolvents.

TheECSAVisionElementsidentifythethreekeyareasinwhichthechlorinatedsolventsindustryistakingconcretestepstoensureitssustainability.TheobjectivesassignedundereachkeyElementarenotonlyamatterforECSAmembers;theyrequiredirectandconcreteengagementwiththirdpartiessuchasvaluechainactorsandotherexternalstake-holders.

ThreeElementsarethebuildingblocksofECSA’sVision.Theysetoutthelong-termobjectivesrequiredtoachievetheVision,andtheyidentifyKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)thatwillhelpECSAdeterminewhereitstandsrelativetothesegoals,resultinginnineconcreteobjectives.

1.SustainabilitybyproductandapplicationAbroadstakeholderconsultationrevealedthatemissionsofchlorinatedsolventsarethecauseofmostofthepressurebeingbroughttobearagainstchlorinatedsolventsprod-ucts.Byreducingemissionswecanachievebetterefficiencyofuse,morevaluefromeachmoleculeofsolventandreducedpotentialforexposure.ThisVisionElementshouldachievethebenefitsof:•Drivingindustryandproductsustainability

byidentifyingchallengesoropportunitiesforeachemissiveapplication

•Ensuringsafetyforhumanhealthandenvi-ronment

•Demonstratingcontinualimprovementofsustainabilityinemissiveapplications

•Resolvingissuesoverimpactofenergyandrawmaterials.

1.1ECSAwillanalyzeemissiveapplications,prioritizethem,anddefinesustainabilityimprovementactions•ECSAhassofarreviewedanimpressivetotal

of60applications•ECSAProduct&ApplicationToolbox:ECSA

hasdevelopedanonlinetoolboxfreelyaccessibleviatheECSAwebsitetoprovideusersofchlorinatedsolventswithinforma-tionaboutthesafe&sustainableuseoftheproducts.Itisbuiltasaself-explanatoryguidebasedonasimpledecisiontreeofproductapplicationstoleadtheuserreadilytotheproperinformationonsafeuse,envi-ronmentalprotectionaswellaslegislativerequirements.

TheonlineECSAProductsApplicationToolboxprovidesinformationonthesafeandsustainableuseofchlorinatedsolvents

TheECSASustainabilityProgressReportis

availableontheECSAwebpagesvia

www.eurochlor.org

15SUSTAINABILITYCH 02

ECSA SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME


TherecommendationsdotakeintoaccountREACH(1907/2006/EContheRegistration,Evaluation,AuthorizationandRestrictionofChemicals)aswellasotherEuropeanlegisla-tionorvoluntaryindustrycommitments.ThecontentoftheToolboxisbasedontheREACHChemicalSafetyAssessment(CSA)ofthesubstances.However,theToolboxalsoincludesrecom-mendationsbasedonexperienceofECSAmembersthatgobeyondthegivenlegalframeworkoftheCSAunderREACH.TheECSAProduct&ApplicationToolboxisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA

1.2Rawmaterial,energy&productionaspectswillbecoordinatedwithupstreamorganizations•ECSAisinconstantdialoguewithEuroChlor

andissharingevents;e.g.ajointyearlyGeneralAssemblywithreportsonactivitiesinthedifferentcommittees

•ECSAisliaizingwithEuroChloronitsnewSustainabilityProgramme2011-2020.

2.ValuechainengagementThebuy-inandactiveinvolvementofthevaluechainwillbeessentialtotheoverallsuccessoftheprogramme.Collaborationwithdistribu-torsanddownstreamusersistheonlywaytoensuresustainabilitygoalsaremet,astherearelimitstowhatECSAmemberscanachieveintheirownright.

2.1AllECSAmemberswilladheretoESAD/SQASorasimilardistributorassessmentschemeESAD(EuropeanSingleAssessmentDocu-ment)ispartoftheSQAS(Safety&QualityAs-sessmentSystem)thatisasystemtoevaluatethequality,safety,securityandenvironmentalperformanceofLogisticsServiceProvidersandChemicalDistributors.ESADenableschemicalproducingcompaniestohavethequalityandsafetymanagementsystemsoftheirdistribu-torsassessedinauniformmanner,thusavoid-ingmultipleassessmentsbyeachindividualchemicalcompany.Currentlyover280activeassessmentreportsofdistributorsandtheirsitesarelistedintheESADdatabase.AllECSAmembershavecommittedthemselvestotheESAD/SQASprogramme.2.2AlldistributorswhicharepartofESAD/SQASorasimilarprogrammewillcomplypositivelywithahighscoreonthechlorinatedsolventssectionofthequestionnaireTheESADassessmentquestionnaireconsistsoffourparts:DistributorStandardActivities,SiteAssessment,ChlorinatedSolvents,andFood,Cosmeticand/orPharma.ThequestionsonchlorinatedsolventsemphasizethespecificneedsassociatedwithchlorinatedsolventsandareprovidedtogetherwithguidelinesforconsiderationbychlorinatedsolventproducersanddistributorsasawaytoimplementRespon-sibleCare®continuousimprovementinitiatives(source:www.sqas.org).Acontinuousyearlyincreaseinpositiveanswersofdistributors,underthechlorinatedsolventpart,hasbeenrecognizedintheESADprogrammesince

TheintegratedSafety&QualityAssignmentSystem



2007.ThisleadstoconsistentlyhighscoresofdistributorsintheESADassessment.ECSAhasactivelyparticipatedinarevisionoftheESADquestionnaireforchlorinatedsolvents.

2.3 ECSAwillputtogetherawarenessprogrammes,inpartnershipwithtradeassociationsrepresentingend-users,tohelpensurethesustainableuseofchlorinatedsolventsECSAhasalreadyputsixdifferentawarenessprogrammesinplace:

2.3.1ChlorinatedSolvents:AwarenessQuestionnairetotheValueChain:ECSAhasdistributedan‘awarenessquestionnaire’onthesafeuseofchlorinatedsolventsin2009.Thefindingsweresharedwiththepartici-pantsintheValueChainwithoneparticularlysurprizingresult:noparticipantwasawareoftheECSAstorageandhandlingguidancebeingfreelyavailableontheinternet.ThisresultledECSAtotakeimmediateactionwitharevisionandupdateoftheECSAGuidanceofStorageandHandlingofChlorinatedSolventsandwidecommunication:seenextpoint.

2.3.2ChlorinatedSolvents:RevizedGuid-anceonStorageandHandlingofChlorinatedSolvents:Thisguidanceisintendedtohelpdistributorsandusersofchlorinatedsolventstohandlethoseproductssafelyandwithcare,thusprotectinghumanhealthandenviron-mentagainstpossiblenegativeimpact.Inthisguidance,ECSAstronglyrecommendstheuseofmodernclosedequipmentofBestAvailableTechnology(BAT).

ECSAgivesguidanceonthestorageandhandlingofchlorinatedsolvents

AllECSAmembershavecommittedthemselvestotheESAD/SQASprogrammeforquality,safety,securityandenvironmentalperformanceoflogisticsprovidersandchemicalsdistributors

TheECSAGuidanceonStorageandHandlingisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA

2.3.3 ChlorinatedSolvents:RevizedSafety&QualityAssessmentQuestionnaireforDistributorsofChlorinatedSolvents(ESAD).WithanupdatedSafety&QualityAssessmentquestionnairein2011,ECSAaimstoenhancetheoverallsafetyandqualitylevelinthechlori-natedsolventsdistributionchain.Thereviewedquestionnaireisapplicabletodis-tributorsofthechlorinatedsolventsperchlo-roethylene(PER),trichloroethylene(TRI)anddichloromethane(DCM).TherecentlylaunchedSQAS2011programmehasbeentitled“SQAS:Drivingexcellenceinsafeandsustainablechemicallogistics”.AllrevizedquestionnairesandfurtherdetailsareavailableontheSQASwebsitewww.sqas.org.

2.3.4Dichloromethane:OECDHPVSIDSCom-mitment:ThechemicalindustryprovidestheOECDwithdataandinitialhazardassessmentsforapproximately1,000HPVchemicals,rep-resentingmorethan90%ofglobalchemicalsproduction.TheinformationgatheredconsistsofaScreeningInformationDataSet(SIDS)Dossier,whichisabasicsetofhealthandenvironmentaldatarequiredformakinganinitialhazardassessmentofHPVchemicalsbythemembercountriesoftheOECD.ECSAmembersarecommittedtoimprovingthemanagementandknowledgeoftheirchemicalsthroughvoluntaryinitiativessuchastheICCAHPV(HighProductionVolume)Initiative.ECSAisactivelysupportingtheSwissauthoritiesinpreparingtheSIDSDossierforDichlorometh-aneanditssubmissiontoOECDin2011.



2.3.5Perchloroethylene:E-DryCleansustain-abledrycleaningprocessing:E-DryCleanisaninternationalinitiativetocreatepracticalandeasilyaccessibleeducationmaterial,especiallyfortheEuropeandry-cleaningindustry.Thedidacticalconceptisbasedone-learningand/orblendedlearning.E-learningisacompletedigitalself-studyformoftraining,presentedthroughawebsite.E-DryCleanofferssixdif-ferenttrainingmodules(bestpracticesandworkingmethods)includingamoduleonPerchloroethylene,forwhichECSAwasleadingpartner.TheE-DryCleanProjectgroups15part-nersfromeightEuropeancountries.TheobjectiveofE-DryCleanistoimproveandadapttheeducationallevelofentrepreneursandemployeesworkingindrycleaningsectorsacrosstheEuropeanUnion.Readmoreaboutthisprojectonhttp://www.cinet-online.net/edryclean/.Theprofessionaltextilecareindustryrec-ognizedECSAanditspartnersthroughitsExcellenceAward2010forthisawarenesspro-grammeofsustainableprofessionaltextilecare.E-DryCleanisaccessibleonline:http://www.cinet-online.net/edryclean/

2.3.6 Trichloroethylene:CharterforthesafeuseofTrichloroethylene;ECSAandtheproduc-ersofTrichloroethylene(TRI)haveworkedproactivelywiththeEUauthoritiestodevelopavoluntaryindustry-widecommitment–the“TRICHARTER”.ThecharterisdeemedtoensureadequatecontrolofrisksidentifiedintheEURiskAssessmentrelatedtotheuseoftrichloroethyleneinsurfacecleaningbyuse

ofclosedsystems,alsoforinstallationsnotcoveredbytheVOCdirective(nowIED).Thecharter–signedbyallEuropeanTrichloro-ethyleneproducersandanimporter–stipu-latesthatlatestbyend2010,trichloroethylenewillonlybesuppliedformetalcleaningordegreasingiftheuserhasanenclosedclean-ingsystemandhasconfirmedthattrichloro-ethylenewillonlyandexclusivelybeusedinenclosedcleaningequipment.TheECSATRICharterisaccessibleonline:www.eurochlor.org/ECSA

2.4ECSAwillputtogether,inpartnershipwithothertradeassociationsrepresentingrecyclers,awarenessprogrammestohelppromotethesustainablerecoveryofchlorinatedsolventsECSAisincontactwiththeEuropeanSolventRecyclersGroup(ESRG),whichaimstopro-motethesafeandeconomicmanagementofpost-usesolvents(www.esrg-online.eu).ECSAisregularlyindialoguewithESRGonlatestinformationaboutchlorinatedsolvents.

Leftpicture:ECSAgivesguidanceonthestorageandhandlingof

chlorinatedsolvents

Rightpicture:TheprofessionaltextilecareindustryrecognizedECSA

foritsawarenessprogrammeofsustainabletextilecare

TheECSATrichloroethyleneCharter



3.StakeholderengagementandcommunicationThisVisionElementwillbecriticaltoensurethatECSAanditsmembersreceiveworthwhileandoperationalfeedbackandproperrecogni-tionfromexternalstakeholdersforthesustain-abilityinitiative.Ultimately,thisshouldalsoleadtoadegreeofco-determinationofthesustainabilityofthechlorinatedsolventsindustry,asseveralstakeholdergroupswillcontributetoshapingitsfuture.

3.1 ECSAwillcompleteadetailedmappingoftheactivities,driversandconcernsofitsprioritystakeholdersAChlorinatedSolventStakeholder&End-userPerceptionsSurveybyIALfoundthat75%ofstakeholdersareinterestedinmoreinforma-tiononChlorinatedSolvents.Thus,ECSAhascompletelyrenovatedthecontentandstructureoftheECSAwebsitein2010and2011.Therenewedwebsitedeliverscomprehensiveinformationaboutchlorinatedsolvents.Thewebsitewasre-structured,andthewebsitecontentfilledwithnewinformationonFacts&Figures.HighprominencehasbeengiventotheSustainabilitysectionandthecurrentprogrammes(www.eurochlor.org/ECSA).

3.2ECSAwilltranslateitsSustainabilitystrategyintoasetofkeymessages,andwilldeveloptoolstosupporttheirdeliveryandreportprogressEuroChlor,representingtheEuropeanChlor-Alkaliindustry,issuestheChlorineIndustryReviewontheoccasionofitsAnnualGeneral

Meeting.Itgivesanoverviewofthemostim-portantdossiersthefederationhasbeenwork-ingon,andpresentstheprogressachievedinthesectoralsustainabilityprogramme.ECSAextendsitsreportingonallninesustainabilityobjectivesandincludesitsprogressreport2007-2011inthewidelydisseminatedEuroChlorAnnualReviewaspartoftheChlorineIndustryvaluechain.

3.3ECSAwillbeinactivedialoguewithitsprioritystakeholdersarounditsSustainabilityActionPlan,andreflectstakeholderconcernsintheongoingimplementationoftheActionPlanAChlorinatedSolventStakeholder&End-userPerceptionsSurveybyIALfoundthat75%ofstakeholdersareinterestedinmoreinforma-tiononChlorinatedSolvents.Thus,ECSAhascompletelyrenovatedthecontentandstructureoftheECSAwebsitetoolsforactivedialogue:Additionalcommunicationtoolshavebeenin-cludedtoincreasethedialoguewithotherstake-holderstowardsapro-activecommunication.•TheSMEsupportistargetingSmalland

MediumSizedEnterprises.Aspartofitscon-tinuousefforttoencourageresponsibleandsafehandlingofchlorinatedsolvents,ECSAhasdevelopedseveralinformationandguid-ancedocumentsdesignedtohelpusechlori-natedsolventsnotonlyinthemosteffectivebutalsointhesafestandmostresponsiblemannerbyfollowingbestindustrypractices.

•TheNews&Innovationsectionhighlightssomequitechallenginginnovationswithchlorinatedsolvents.

•TheAskanExperttoolwillhelptoanswerquestionsgoingbeyondtheinformationonthewebsite.

TheECSALeonardodaVinciProjectforsustainable

dry-cleaningisaccessibleonlineinsixlanguages


TheWorldChlorineCouncil®(WCC®)drawsitsmembershipfromthechlorineproducersandregionalindustryassociationslocatedaroundtheworld.Today,themembershiprepresentsasubstantialpartofglobalchlorineandcausticsodaproductionandwillincreasetoover90%ofbothcapacityandproductionbytheendof2011,takingintoaccounttheanticipatedmem-bershipoftheChineseChlorAlkaliIndustryAssociation(CCAIA).WCC®hasalongaffilia-tionwiththeInternationalCouncilofChemicalAssociations(ICCA)andisrecognizedbyTheUnitedNationsandtheStockholm,RotterdamandBaselConventionsasanofficialNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganization).

Overall,WCC®isfocusedonengagingproduc-ersworldwidetoachieveits2011-2013goalswhichfocuson:•Engagingtheglobalchlorineandvinyl

industries;•Participatingproactivelyinkeyinternational

foraandcoordinatingadvocacyonpriorityissues;

•Promotingcontinuousimprovementinsafety,environmentandhealthperformance;

•Demonstratingprogresstowardssustainabil-ityforchlorinechemistry;and

•Communicatingthebenefitsofchlorinechemistrytosociety.

Asfromthebeginningof2011,EuroChlorhasbeengiventhetaskofmanagingfortwoyearstheWCCSecretariatandcoordinatingitsrelatedactivitiessuchasglobaltaskforces,publicationsandworkshops.

Outreachtotheglobalchlor-alkalisectorIn2009,2010and2011,WCC®continuedtostrengthenrelationshipswiththechlor-alkaliassociationsofRussia,China,IndiaandproducersintheAsia-Pacificregion.Weareoptimisticofconcludingformalmembershiparrangementswitheachoftheseregionsbytheendof2011andwillcontinuetobuildonpastworkwiththeGulfPetrochemicalandChemicalAssociation(GPCA)basedinDubai.

EnergyandClimateChangeTheUNClimateChangeconferencesheldinCopenhagen(2009)andCancun(2010)failedtosecureglobalagreementsonCO2emis-sionsand,withdoubtpersistingonwhethertheKyotoProtocolwillcontinuebeyond2012,CO2abatementinitiativesarerevertingtotheregionallevel.Currently,onlyWCCmemberswithmanufacturingfacilitiesinEuropeandJapanareimpactedbyeitherEmissionTradingSchemes(ETS)orenergytaxation.Earliersug-gestionsthatglobalsectoralagreementsmightbenegotiatedhavenotmaterializedeitherbutneverthelessWCC®continuestoexchangein-telligenceonpoliticalactivityacrosstheglobeinanattempttoinfluencedecision-makinginacoherentandconsistentway.However,thisisnowalowerpriorityforsomeregions,andaglobalapproachisnotforeseenintheshortterm.

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AdvocacyforPromotingSoundImplementa-tionofInternationalConventions&PoliciesWCC®continuestoengagewithintergovern-mentalprogrammesonanumberofcrucialsubjectsthatcouldimpactchlorine-basedprocessesorproducts.Advocacyeffortscoveroutreachtogovernmentsandindustrycontactsonissuesrelatingtochlorineanditsderiva-tives.WCC®advocacyefforts,ofteninpartner-shipwithICCA,arefocusedonthefollowingpriorityissues:•StockholmPOPsConvention–TheWorld

ChlorineCouncil®hascontinuedoutreachtogovernmentsregardingtheprocessandcriteriaforreviewingcandidatechemicals.Industry’seffortshaveresultedinimprove-mentsintheassessmentofcandidatePOPsandtheuseofsuchinformationforriskmanagement.

•UNEPGlobalMercuryProgramme–WCC®continuestobeanactiveparticipantintheUNEPGlobalMercuryProgrammeinprovidingitsannualreportonmercuryuse,consumptionandemissionsbymercurycellfacilities.WCC®isalsoacontributortovari-ousPartnershipslinkedtotheProgramme(e.g.Chlor-AlkaliSector,SupplyandStorage,WasteManagement).ThefirstIntergovern-mentalNegotiatingCommitteemeetingforthepreparationofaGlobalConventionwasheldinStockholminJune2010andasecondoneinJanuary2011inJapan.WCC®participatedinthediscussionsandshareditsupdatedleafleton“ReductionofMercuryEmissionsandUsefromtheChlor-AlkaliSectorPartnership”.ItisexpectedthattheConventionwillbereadyby2013.

ImprovingChlorineSafety,Environment&HealthPerformanceTheWorldChlorineCouncil®continuestoorganisestewardshipworkshopsaroundtheglobetopromotebestpracticesinenvironment,health,andsafety.ThroughtheWCC®safetyprogramme,ourindustrysectorisworkingtoachievecontinuousimprovementsinsafetyperformanceatproductionfacilitiesworld-wideaswellasduringtransportationanduseofchlo-rine.Keydevelopmentsin2010-2011include:•ThequarterlypublicationoftheWCC®Safety

Newslettertosharebestpracticesandtolearnfrompastincidents,whichistranslatedintoJapanese,Portuguese,SpanishandChinese.

•Thepreparationofnewsafetytoolsonspecifictopicsthataremadeavailabletoproducersandpackagers,includingsyntheticWCC®SafetyPosters.

•PresentationsmadebyexpertsfromWCC®companiesandassociationsonchlorinesafetymattersduringstewardship/safetyworkshops.ThenextworkshopisplannedforOctober2011inShanghai.

DemonstratingSustainabilityoftheChlor-AlkaliIndustryWorkcontinuedonthesustainabilitypro-gramme,asagreedthepreviousyear.ThoughenergybecamealowerpriorityfollowingthefailureofCopenhagenandCancuntoreachglobalagreements,otherenergyrelatedissues-includingtheuseofchlorinederivativesinthefieldofinsulation-continue.Anewbrochureonsustainabilitywillbepublishedbytheendof2011foruseinvariousconferences,includingRio+20tobeconvenedinRiodeJaneiroduring2012.


03 Regulatory Affairs

Science-based legislation to support innovation

A critical role for Euro Chlor is to provide advocacy leadership in order to positively influence regulations in the areas of energy, environment, health and competitiveness. The federation works with European and international authorities in order to achieve a workable legislation to support the innovative role of the chlor-alkali industry.

EmissionTradingScheme(ETS)DirectiveimplementationThesettingupoftherulesforthefinancialmeasuresthatMemberStatesmaygivetocompensateforadditionalcostsofCO2passedthroughintheelectricitypricesfallsunderthecompetencesoftheCommission.TheseStateAidruleswillsetthemaximumcompensationthatMemberStatescouldprovidetoindus-triesexposedtocarbonleakageduetoCO2costspassedoninelectricityprices(so-calledindirectemitters).

Thechlor-alkaliindustry,aspartofthesector“basicinorganicchemicals”(accordingtoNACE2413),hasbeenrecognizedasoneoftheexposedsectors.Theexposedsectorswillbeeligibleforfreecarbonallowancesorforfinan-cialmeasuresunderthestateaidrules.

AtthebeginningofthisyeartheEuropeanCommissionconfirmedthattheStateAidrulesshouldbeavailablebytheendoftheyear.EuroChlorwelcomedtheCommission’srecognitionoftheimportancetohavetherulesinplacesothatindustrycangettheirdossiersreadyandtalktotheirnationalauthoritiespriortherevizedETSDirectiveentersintoforceon1January2013.

Stakeholdershavetheopportunitytopro-videtheirinputandcommentsonthedraftrulesduringtwointernetconsultations.Thefirstconsultationendedon11May2011.ThesecretariathadsetupanadhocworkinggroupsometimeagotodealwithETSmattersandtheteamworkedhardtocompletethecomplexquestionnaire.ThetaskwaschallengingbecauseofdifferingelectricitymarketcharacteristicsindifferentpartsofEuropewhichdonotmatchcountryboundaries.Butworkinginacooperativespiritthedifferingviewswerelargelyresolvedenablingarepresentativeindustryviewtobesubmitted.Someindividualmembercompa-niesmadetheirownsubmissionwithcompanyconfidentialdatabutthesedidnotconflictwiththeunifiedview.

Asecondconsultationwillfollowlaterthisyear.EuroChlorwillagainprovideaconsolidatedinputonbehalfofthechlor-alkaliindustry.

MercuryExportBanandStorageTheEURegulationEC1102/2008ontheExportBanandSafeStorageofMetallicMercuryenteredintoforceonMarch15thof2011.ThisEuropeanRegulationaimstobantheexportofmercuryandimposesastorageobligationofmercury.Thisrequiresthedevelopmentofstoragecriteriaforend-of-lifemercuryundertheLandfillDirective.AccordingtotheRegula-tionthecriteriashouldhavebeendevelopedbyJanuary1st2010.WhentheRegulationenteredintoforceEuroChlorsentalettertotheCom-missiontodrawattentiontotheuncertainty

Electricityefficiencyofourmember

companiesisamongthebestintheworld

23CH 03 REGULATORY AFFAIRS

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regardingstorageoftheexcessmercuryfacedbyEuroChlormembercompaniesusingthemercurytechnologyandplanningtoconvert.

InearlyApriltemporarystoragecriteriahavebeenproposedbytheCommissionforvotingbyaspecialComitologyCommittee.However,severalMemberStateshadsignificantcom-mentsandobjectionstotheproposalandfinallythecriteriawerenotvoted.TheCom-missionthenproposedaDirectivetoamendtheLandfillDirective(1999/31/EC)withregardtospecificcriteriaforthetemporarystorageofmetallicmercuryconsideredaswaste,whichwasnotdecideduponwhenthisReviewwenttopress.

Criteriaforpermanentstorageofend-of-lifemercurystilllackingThereislittleinterestforourindustryfortemporarystorage.ForEuroChlorcompaniesitismuchmoreimportanttohavecriteriaforpermanentstorage.AninvestigationintothesafetyofpermanentstorageofliquidmercuryisongoinginGermany,butthesestudiesmaystilltakeseveralyearsbeforebeingfinalized.EuroChlormembercompaniesthereforecontinuetolookintootherpermanentdisposalsolutions,includingstabilizedmercury,follow-ingcloselythedevelopmentsofferedbyvarioussuppliers.

EUMercuryStrategystillrecognizesEuroChlor’svoluntaryphaseoutTheCommissionpublishedareviewoftheCommunicationontheEUMercuryStrategyinDecember2010.Thisstrategycoversallmer-curyusesintheEUandaimstoreducebothuseandemissions.SincetheverybeginningofthemercurystrategyEuroChlorhascontrib-utedbyprovidingfactualinformationonuseandemissionsofmercuryinoursector.TheCommissionCommunicationwasdis-cussedintheEnvironmentCouncilonMarch14,2011.Despiteanattempttointroduceanearlierphase-outinitiatedbyagroupofthreeMemberStates,EuroChlor’svoluntarycom-mitmenttophase-outtoendtheuseofmer-curyintheChlor-alkaliproductionbytheendof2020isstillrecognizedbytheauthorities.OnMarch17,thesameCommunicationwasalsodiscussedintheEnvironmentCommitteeoftheEuropeanParliament),buttherewasnodiscussiononchlor-alkalirelatedmercuryissuesduringthepublicsession.

TheoverallmercurystrategyoftheCommis-sionthereforeisstillbroadlysupported.

Trainingisattheheartofsafetyand

thesafetyculturewhichisessential

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Dolf van Wijk came to EuroChlor in 2001 and was ap-pointed Euro Chlor ScienceDirectoron January 1st, 2010.

Asof January2011hehasadditional responsibility forRegulatoryAffairs.

EuroChlorbrandingEuroChlorsucceededinbuildingacrediblenamewithmany in the regulatory and science community in thepast. High external pressure on the chlorine sectorstimulatedthedevelopmentofawell-organizedindus-tryassociationwithastrongsupportfromitsmembercompanies.Thethreatwasdirectedspecificallyonchlo-rine,puttingour industry in the forefrontofmanyen-vironmental debates and regulations. This foregroundposition has gradually changed into broader and lessspecificchallenges.Butearliertopicsstillemergeeverynowandthen,sometimesstillwithaspecificfocusonchlorine.

EUincreasinglyriskaverseToday’spressuresgenerallyfocusonthebroaderchemi-cal industry. In addition, Europe is continuing on itspathofignoringtheimportanceofscienceandtechnol-ogyandbecomingincreasinglyriskaverse.Chemicalin-dustries’roletoinnovatesocietytomeetfutureneedsisgainingsomeacceptancebuttheregulatoryframeworknecessary to accommodate these new developmentsand needs is not sufficiently developed. The scientificknowledgeand tools for effective andup-to-date regu-lations are available, but there is a great reluctance toincorporatetheseinlegislation.

These broader and more global challenges and newemergingoneslikemixturesorgreenchemistrywillbechallenging for Euro Chlor in the coming years. I amlookingforwardtocontributetoensuringweremainaneffective organization defending the sustainable futureoftheChlor-Alkaliindustry.

DolfvanWijkScienceandRegulatoryAffairsDirector

“Teamingupscienceandregulatoryaffairs”

Overandoveragain,PVCprovestobeahitinsustainableconstruction

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Eleganceandefficiencycombined

thankstothequalitiesofpolyvinylchloride

Chlor-alkalimetallicmercuryreportingtotheCommissionTheEURegulationonexportbanandstorageobligation(1102/2008)requiresthatquantitiesofmetallicmercuryonchlor-alkalisitesarereportedyearlytotheCommission,startingDecember2009.

TheEuroChlorproposaltogatherthedatafromthemembercompaniesutilizingthemer-curycelltechnologyhasbeenrecognizedbyaCommissionRecommendation.Allmembercompaniescontributedandweweresuccessfulinprovidingthefollowingdataforeachreport-ingyear:•Bestestimateoftotalamountofmercurystill

inuseinthechlor-alkalicelland•Totalamountofmetallicmercurystoredin

thefacility,evenifshutdown.

ThedataarepubliclyavailableonDGEnviron-ment’swebsitehttp://ec.europa.eu/environ-ment/chemicals/mercuryandcanalsobeconsultedattheEuroChlorwebsite.Theirevo-lutionshowsacontinuousandrapiddecreaseduetothesuccessiveconversionsofchlor-alkaliplantsusingthemercurytechnology.

TheexportbanwithstorageobligationhasbeeninforcesinceMarch152011,andmetallicmercurythathasbeensentaswastetotempo-raryorpermanentstoragefacilitieswillhavetobereported(nextreportingin2012).

Caroline Andersson has a Master of Science in BusinessAdministration(MBA).Sheiscloselymonitoring legislativedevelopmentsandinitiatesadvocacyactivities,inclosecon-sultationwiththeMembership.Shehasprivilegedcontactswith theEuropeanCommissionandParliament inorder todiscussandpresent theviewsof theEuropeanChlor-Alkaliindustry.FromJanuary2011,sheisalsoworkingasCeficsec-torgroupmanager.

Forseveralyearsnow,theenergy issueandparticularly theEuropeanEmissionsTradingScheme(ETS)havebeendomi-natingtheregulatoryactivities.TheEuroChloradvocacyonthis issuehasenteredanewcrucialphaseastheCommis-sionhaslauncheditsstakeholderconsultationonthestateaidrulesforcompensatingelectricityintensiveindustriesfortheCO2costspassedthroughinelectricityprices.EuroChlorisactivelycontributingtothedevelopmentoftherules.

CarolinemakessurethatEuroChlordoesnotmissimportantdevelopments,andhasthenecessarytimelycontacts–inter-nallyandexternally–tostayontopoftheissuesthatmatterforthemembercompanies.

CarolineAnderssonSeniorregulatoryaffairscounsellor

“Stayingactivelyontopofregulatoryissuesthatmatterforthemembers”

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Chlorinepoetryinaction

Blacklistsstillaregulatorytool:POPs/PBTsandSVHCsInEurope,SubstancesofVeryHighConcern(SVHCs)aremanagedunderREACH.DespitetheregularassessmentofallsubstancesunderREACH,additionalrequirementsareappliedforSVHCsundertheso-calledAuthorizationorRestrictionregimes.SVHCsarePBTs(sub-stanceswhicharePersistent,BioaccumulateinthefoodchainandareToxic),CMRs(Carcino-genic,MutagenicorReprotoxic)orsubstancesof“equivalentconcern”(tobedeterminedonacasebycasebasis).SubstanceswhichmeetthehazardouspropertiescriteriaofSVHCsarenotbydefinitionputunderAuthorization.ItisuptoMemberStatestodecidewhethertheywillcompileanAnnexXVdossierforasubstance,whicheffectivelyisaproposaltoputthemonthecandidatelistforAuthoriza-tion.Alternatively,therouteofRestrictionmaybefollowedtorisk-managespecificusesofasubstancemorestringentthanundertheregularREACHregime.

EuroChlorrelatedsubstanceswhichareSVHCsaretrichloroethylene,whichisconsid-eredcarcinogencat.1b-andthereforefulfilstheCMRcriteria-andSCCPwhichisaPBT.Trichloroethylenehasbeenplacedonthecan-didatelistforauthorizationwithprioritizationandforSCCPstheEUcompetentauthoritiesdecidedtokeepthesubstancelistedunderRestrictions(AnnexXVII).Inaddition,theyareplanningtoincludethesubstanceintheEUDirectiveonPOPs(EC805/2004)basedonthedecisionoftheUNECELRTAPConventiontolistthesubstanceasaPOP(POPProtocol).

Chlor-alkaliBREFupdateThenewIndustrialEmissionsDirectiverein-forcestheimportanceoftheBestAvailableTechniquesreferencedocument(BREF)forpermittingtheproductionunits,andparticu-larlyoftheBATconclusions.

Intheframeworkofthechlor-alkaliBREFup-date,EuroChlorcreatedanadhoctaskforcetodefinetheindustrypositionandgatherthenecessaryinformation;thistaskforcehaspro-ducedahugenumberoftechnicaldocumentstosubmitcorrectanddetailedinformationtothetechnicalworkinggroupinchargeoftheupdatework.

AfirstdraftoftheupdatedBREF,withoutthespecific“BAT”chapterisexpectedbeforetheendof2011.SomechaptersarehoweveralreadyavailableonthededicatedCommissionwebsiteandEuroChlorhasproposedcom-mentsandpossibleimprovements.

DuetothelackofsomeinformationintheanswerstothepreviousquestionnairepreparedbytheCommission,anadditionalinformationcollectingroundisplannedforthisautumn,withthehelpofEuroChlor.

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SomeMemberStatessuggestedthisroutewouldbeafasterwaytobanthesubstance.

Attheendof2010,GermanyattemptedtoproposetrichlorobenzeneasasubstanceofequivalentconcernbasedonperceivedPBTproperties.ThankstoEuroChlorpastworkdonebyitsMarineRiskAssessmentGroupandfollow-upworkbytheEnvironmentWorkingGroup,wecouldrapidlyreacttothisattempt.ItwaspossibletoveryquicklysubmitascientificpaperdemonstratingthatTCBdoesnotfulfilanyofthePBTpropertiesand,there-fore,shouldnotbenominatedasanSVHC.ThenominationbyGermanyalsometwithalackofsupportfromseveralMemberStates,sotheproposaldidnotproceed.ThiscanbeseenasasupportfortheneedofasolidscientificbasisforsubstancestobeproposedasSVHCbasedon“equivalentconcern”.

StockholmConventiononPOPsTheStockholmConventiondealswithPOPs(PersistentOrganicPollutants),i.e.PBTsthatarepersistentenoughtotravellongdistancesandhaveadverseeffectsfarfromtheirpointofrelease.ThefifthCOPmeeting(ConferenceoftheParties)oftheStockholmConventionwasheldendofApril.Themajorissuewasthelist-ingofendosulfanasthe22ndsubstanceonthelist,whichstartedinitiallywiththewell-known“dirtydozen”.However,theCOPmeetingfacedconsiderabledifficultiesregardingtheConvention’sefficacy.Thiswasexemplifiedbythemanyexemptionsand(long)timelinesagreedforendosulfan,aswellasbyrepeateddiscussionsonfinancingoftheConvention’sactivitiesandcompliancechecking.ThelattertwotopicswerepostponedagaintothenextCOP(COP6in2013).

InafinalstatementatCOP5,theEUan-nouncedtheywouldnominatethreenewsub-stancesascandidatePOPstobeaddedtotheConvention.ThesewereHCBD(hexachlorobu-tadiene),PCN(polychlorinatednaphthalenes)andPCP(pentachlorophenol).EuroChlorandWCCwillfollowupthenominationofHCBD,whichisanunintentionalby-productrelatedtoourindustry.Materialhasbeenpreparedtocontesttheneedfornominationofthissubstance.Theevidencedemonstratesthatitisunlikely,basedoncurrentenvironmentalconcentrations,thatHCBDposesadverseenvironmentalorhealtheffects.

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UNEPGlobalConventiononMercury

At the UNEP Governing Council/Ministerial Fo-rumconvenedonFebruary16-20,2009adecisionwasreachedtoestablishaninternationalconven-tiontodealwithmercurypollutionwhichshouldincludebothbindingandvoluntarymeasures.Thedetails of the new convention will be negotiatedoverthenextyearsandwillbecompletedby2013.

TheUNEPmeetingalsodecidedontheprovisionsfor the future mercury convention. The require-ments that will be applicable to the chlor-alkaliindustryandVCMproductionareonreductionofemissions,measuresonuseandtradeofmercuryand addressing mercury-containing waste. TheUNEPPartnershipforthechlor-alkaliindustrycon-tinuesundertheUSgovernmentlead.WCCisanactive partner in this programme. The followingpositiveresultswerereportedtoUNEPbyWCC:

•Thenumberofplantsandthemercurycell-basedproduction capacity continue to show a world-widedecrease:thenumberofplantswentdownfrom91to57overtheperiod2002-2010(-37%)and the mercury cell-based capacity from 9.1milliontonnesto5.5milliontonnes(-40%).

•Global mercury emissions have been furthersubstantially reduced in the period 2002-2010.Theywentdownfrom24.6tonnes/yeartoabout6.7tonnes,or73%decreaseovertheeightyearsof reportingbyWCC.Theemissionsexpressedin g mercury/tonne annual chlorine capacityshowthesametrend.


04 Science

Effective advocacy based on sound science

Advocating sound, science-based regulatory decision-making has been Euro Chlor’s core business for more than twenty years. In 2010-2011, the organizational and technical challenges posed by REACH, chlorine-based biocides, classification and labelling and chemicals of special concern constituted key issues in the Federation’s science activities.

assessmentdossier,wholeeffluenttesting,WaterFrameworkDirectiveimpactandmixtureissues.

REACHregistrationThemajorachievementofthelast12monthshasbeenthepreparationandregistrationofdossiersforeighthigh-productionvolumechemicals,undertheEuropeanREACHRegula-tion(EC/1907/2006).Theleaddossiersforallsubstancesweresubmittedontime,aswellastheindividualdossierthateachlegalentitywasrequiredtosubmit.Severaltechnicalhurdlescroppedupaswereachedthefinishline,includingmanagingLetterofAccess(LoA)sales,managementoftheSIEFandprepara-tionforclassificationandlabelling(discussedfurtherbelow).TheleaddossierconsistedoftheIUCLIDfile,whichisitselfmadeupofstudysummariesforallthedataidentifiedforspecificsubstances.Additionally,manyoftheconsortiadecidedtoprepareachemicalsafetyreport(CSR)incommontoreducecostswherepossible.AllconsortiaaremanagedbyEuroChlor/ECSAstaffworkingundertheumbrellaofReachCentrum,andthesubstancescoveredare:causticsoda,chlorine,ethylenedichloride,hydrogenchloride,perchloroethylene,potas-siumcarbonate,potassiumhydroxideandsodiumhypochlorite.Thechlorinatedsolventsconsortiumcoversthefivesubstancestetra-chloroethylene,trichloroethylene,chloroform,carbontetrachlorideanddichloromethane.Butjustbecausetheregistrationdeadlinehasbeenmet,wemustnotbecomplacent.Furtherworkisrequiredwiththepossibilityof

RevitalizationofthescienceprogrammeEuroChloranditsmembercompaniesareproudofthehighqualityandeffectivescienceworkthatwedo.DuetotheimmediatepriorityofREACHregistrationoverthepasttwoyears,someofthescienceworkhadtobeputonthebackburner.However,nowthatthe2010REACHregistrationdeadlinehaspassed,severalmeetingshavebeenheldonhowtoreorientthescienceteamstowardsprovidingthebestpossiblevaluesciencesupporttoourmembers.Thescienceteamsarestructuredaroundthreecoregroups.TheScienceSteeringCommittee(SSC)meetstwiceayeartodiscusstheprioritiesforthescienceprogrammeandtherequiredbudgetforvariousprojects.UndertheSSCaretwoteams,theHealthWorkingGroup(HWG)andtheEnvironmentWorkingGroup(EWG).

TheHWGismadeupoftoxicologists,occu-pationalphysiciansandepidemiologists,whomeettwiceayeartodiscussmedicalandtoxi-cologicalissues.Thisyearthegrouphasbeenarrangedinto‘issueteams’whichworkonspecificissuessuchasEMF,mercuryexposureanddisinfectionby-products,andreportbacktothemainHWG.TheHWGalsoorganizesayearlyliteraturereviewofstudiespublished,whichmaybeofinteresttothechlor-alkalicommunity.

TheEWGismadeupofenvironmentalexpertswhoworkonseveralspecificprojectsofvaluetotheEuroChlormembership.TheseissuesincludedevelopingaPBTriskassessmentmethodology,thehexachlorobenzenerisk

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ourdossiersbeingevaluatedatsomestage,newdatagoingintotheREACHdossierwhererequired,andthepreparationofsummaryex-posurescenariostoappendtotheeSDS.Somesubstanceshave,moreover,beenearmarkedbyauthoritiesasrequiringfurtherwork–onenotableexamplebeingEDC,aboutwhichSlovakiahassubmittedanannexXVdossierbyAugusttoidentifyEDCasasubstanceofveryhighconcern.

AREACHdossierformercurywaspreparedbytheBelgian-basedconsultantARCHE,whichspecialisesinriskassessmentsofmetals.ThecooperationofthecompaniesinvolvedwasorganizedbyDela(aGermanrecyclingfirmdealingwiththerecoveryofmercury).EuroChlorprovidedtechnicalandscientificsupportbeforetheregistrationdeadline.

Thechlorinatedparaffins(medium-chain,long-chainandsulpho-)weremanagedseparatelybyaconsultant,andwerealsosuccessfullyregistered.

BiocidesTheregistrationofchlorine,sodiumhypochlo-riteandcalciumhypochloriteasactivesub-stancesundertheBiocidalProductsDirective(98/8/EC)iscontinuing,albeitalittlebehindschedule.TheregistrationsforproducttypesofMainGroup1(disinfectantsandgeneralbiocides)weresubmittedinmid-2007.Thedos-siersforthethreesubstanceshavebeenevalu-ated,andthedraftcompetentauthorityreportwasprovidedtousforsomeminorcorrection.

ThebackboneoftheEuroChlorScienceteam,ShaunPresow,wasawardedaPhD inChemistry inGermany in2008beforejoiningtheFederationin2009.

DatamanagementandsharingShaunisinvolvedinthemanagementofhealthdataprovidedbyEuroChlormembercompanies.Thesedataincludemercuryin workers’ urine, the self-assessment audit, in which com-paniesassess theirprogressagainstEuroChlorbestpracticeguidelines invariousareas,and reportingonchlorine inhala-tionincidents.ThecollateddataismadeavailabletotheGen-eral Technical Committee and the Health Group for analysis,discussion, benchmarking and improving existing GuidelinesinBestPracticedocuments.

EuroChlorscienceSinceJanuary2011ShaunhasbeenorganizingtheworkoftheEnvironmentWorkingGroupandassistinginthemanagementof theScienceSteeringCommittee.Additionallyhehas takenontaskswithintheChlorinatedParaffinsSectorGroup.

REACHShaun is managing the dossiers for chlorine, hydrogen chlo-ride, sodium hypochlorite and ethylene dichloride, as well asfollowingupgenericREACHissuesforEuroChlor.Heisalsoresponsible for the Biocides dossiers, namely the active sub-stance registration forchlorine, sodiumhypochloriteandcal-ciumhypochlorite.

EuroChlorscientificcommunicationSincethebeginningof2010Shaunhastakenoverthemanage-mentofsciencecommunicationwhichcoversforexampletheScienceDossiers(in-depthreviewsonvariouschlorinatedsub-stances and topics addressing the scientific community) andtheFocusonChlorineScience(FOCS)leafletsaimingtohelpnon-scientistsunderstandchlorine-relatedscienceissues.

ShaunPresowScienceCounsellor

“Qualitydatacollectionisvitaltocontinuedimprovementinoccupationalhealth”


Inthisreport,theRapporteurMemberState(RMS)agreedwithourconclusions.Mem-berstatesandotherstakeholderswerethenprovidedwithanopportunitytoprovidetheirowncomments,whichtheydidbeforetheendofJanuary2011.TheRMSthenpreparedasynthesisofthesecomments,afterwhichthesubstanceswillbediscussedatTechnicalMeetings.EuroChlorwillattendthesemeet-ingswithexpertsfrommembercompaniestorespondtoanycommentsofthememberstatesidentifiedduringthecommentingprocess.Ifallgoeswell,wewouldexpectalistingofthesubstancesinAnnexIoftheBPDmid-2012.AsecondseriesofdossiersforMainGroup2(preservatives)weresubmittedinOctober2008forthethreeactivesubstances.Thesedossiershavebeenassessedascom-pletebytheRMS,andhaveenteredtheevalu-ationprocedure.Thisshouldbecompletedin2011.

ClassificationandlabellingJanuary3rd2011wasthedeadlinefortheclas-sificationandlabellingofsubstancesundertheCLPregulation(EC/1272/2008).Theclassifica-tionofallsubstances,nomatterwhattonnageproduced,hadtobenotifiedtoECHAbeforethisdeadline.Formostofourmembers,thiswasdoneintheREACHdossiers,butforthosewhodidnotsubmitaREACHdossier(duetoalowertonnageband)thesubstancehadtobenotifiedseparately.AllREACHconsortia,asapartoftheirwork,providedtheirrecom-mendedclassificationandlabellingtotheREACHconsortiaandSIEFmembers,andthe

documentsareavailableontheEuroChlorwebsite.EuroChloralsoprovidedarecom-mendationforcalciumhypochlorite,asnoREACHconsortiumismanagedbyEuroChlorforthissubstance.

Additionally,severalamendments(calledadaptationstoprogress)havebeenpublishedfortheCLPregulation,amendingtheclassifica-tions.Themostrecentofthese-publishedinMarch2011-introducedchronictoxicitycriteriafortheenvironment,whichmeantthattheclassificationforsodiumhypochloritehadtobeamended.Moreover,thesodiumhypochlo-riteconsortiumorganizedfurthertestingofthesubstanceonCeriodaphniadubia,whichconfirmedthatthesubstanceshouldkeeptheM-factorof10,andthusbelabelledasdangeroustotheenvironmentinconcentra-tionsgreaterthan2.5%.Mixturesmayhaveadifferentclassificationthresholdduetospecificmixturetesting.

OccupationalhealthissuesIn2010anoccupationalhealthworkshopwasheldonmercuryinBrussels.Itwaswellattended,andfeedbackreceivedwasexcellent,soweareconsideringholdingarepeatwork-shop.Thiswillbeorganizedinearly2012ifitisdecidedtopushahead.Inearly2011,theHealthGroupalsoprovidedaquestionnairetoallmembersregardingthehealthactivities,todevelopideasaroundwayswecanbestsupportourmembershipthroughtheseactivities.

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Anupdatehasbeenorganizedforthechlorineexposurequestionnaire,whichweaskmem-berstoreturnafteranincidentthatresultsinhumanexposure.Thisquestionnairecollectsdetailsonthemagnitudeofexposure,symp-tomsshownandtreatmentgiven.Bycollectingthisinformation,wehopetobuildapictureofhowincidentsareoccurringacrosstheindustry,andhowthesecanbestbetreatedtooptimisetreatmentoutcomes.

Theresultsofthemercuryinurinequestion-nairefor2009and2010hadanexcellentresponserate,with100%achievedin2010.Theresultsalsoshowedageneraldecreaseinexposurein2009,followedbyalevellingoffin2010.Thereisstillroomforimprovement,particularlyatsomesites.

Disinfectionby-products,chlorineandasthmaTheEuropeanUnionisinvestigatingthehealth-relatedeffectsofdisinfectionby-products(DBPs),byfinancingtheresearchprojectHIWATE.Themainfindingswerepresentedduringa3daymeetingin2010andpublicationsareforthcoming.

Significantprogresswasmadeinoureffortstounderstandsuggestedlinks,basedprimarilyonepidemiologicalstudies,betweenswimminginchlorinatedpoolsandrespiratorysymptomsincludingasthma.EuroChlororganizedanExpertsPaneldiscussiononthesubjectduringtheInternationalConferenceonSwimmingPoolsandSpas,Porto,on15March.

TheresultsofastudywhichEuroChlorsup-portedwiththeUniversityofUtrecht(partoftheEUHITEAproject)onmorethan2000Dutchchildrenwerepresented.Thestudyfoundnolinkbetweenswimmingpoolat-tendanceandasthmaorwheezingorrhinitis:italsoprovidedvaluabledataonthetypicallevelsoftrichloramine(arespiratoryirritantby-productofchlorination)towhichthesechildrenwereexposed.

TheUtrechtresultsareparalleledbythosefromanewlongitudinalstudyonalmost6000childrenfromtheALSPACcohortintheUKwhosehealthandlifestylehavebeenfollowedindetailfrombirth.Thisstudyalsofoundnoassociationbetweenswimming(invariablyinchlorinatedpools)andtheriskofasthma.Onthecontrary,theauthorsnotedthatswimmingwasassociatedwithincreasedlungfunctionandlowerriskofasthmasymptoms,especiallyamongchildrenwithpre-existingrespiratoryconditions.

Reviewingthesetwolargestudies,andrelevantliteraturepublishedsinceapreviousworkshopinLeuvenin2007,theExpertsPanelcon-cludedthattheaccumulatedevidencedoesnotsupportthesuggestionsometimesmadethatswimminginchlorinatedpoolsasachildhasbeenamajorfactorintheriseinasthmainrecentdecades.Workwillcontinuetoclarifyanypossiblemorelimitedrisksforallsectionsofthepopulation.

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Leftpicture:FlexibleandelasticpolyurethaneshapesthiscomfortableItalianseat

Rightpicture:Flame-retardantpolyurethaneskinisusedforthesefashionablerearprojectionmonitors

EuroChlorpresentsitsscienceworkattheSETACEuropeCongressinMilanThe2011SETACcongressinMilanwasat-tendedbyover2,000environmentalscientists,chemistsandecotoxicologistsfromaroundtheglobe.Thecongressconsistedof4days(8parallelsessions)ofpresentationsanddailypostersessions.Thisyearmercurydidnotfeatureprominently,butlegacyPCBsremainedhighontheagenda,andseveralpostersdiscussingwaterchlorinationasamethodforremovalofpharmaceuticalsorotherchemicalsfromdrinkingwaterwerepresented.TherewasalotofinterestintheEuroChlorbooth,withthenewFOCSonlong-termmercuryexposureandtheselectionofsciencedossiersavailable(http://eurochlor.amaze/download-centre/science-dossiers.aspx).

Additionally,DolfvanWijkpresentedtheworkEuroChlorhasdoneonhexachlorobutadiene,showinghowthispersistent,bioaccumulativeandtoxicsubstancecanberiskassessed,andthatthesubstanceshowsnorisktopredatorsthroughsecondarypoisoning.

KeesvanGinkelfromAkzoNobelpresentedworkdoneonthebiodegradationofchlorinat-edparaffins,showinghowthebiodegradationpotentialislinkedtothedegreeofchlorination,andthatchlorinationabove50%retardsthedegradationofCPs.

NewSciencePublicationsNowthattheREACHregistrationforthechlor-alkalisubstancesislargelybehindus,morefocuscanbeturnedtowardstheEuroChlorscienceagenda,andamajorpartofthisisthepublicationofthissciencework.

Inearly2011,EuroChlorpublishedtwonewFOCS(FocusOnChlorineScience)docu-ments,whicharedesignedtogiveaquickintroductiontovarioustopics.Thefirst,entitled‘Metallicmercury:thehealtheffectsoflong-term,lowtomoderateexposure’isadistillationofthecomplexdiscussioninoursciencedossierofthesamename.Inclear,un-derstandablelanguage,thisshowsthattheef-fectsoflong-termlowexposuresleadingtoex-posuresoflowerthan30µg/gcreatinineposenorisktoworkers.ThesecondFOCSdiscussestheissuesaroundbioaccumulation–howitisdefined,howsubstancesbioaccumulateandhowtoriskassessthesesubstances.

Itishopedlaterthisyeartoprepareasciencedossieronthehumanhealtheffectsofdisin-fectionby-productsfromtheuseofchlorine.AriskassessmentforhexachlorobenzeneisalsobeingfinalizedforpublicationbytheEnviron-mentalWorkingGroup.

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MarleenPauwelsjoinedEuroChloron1September2011asSec-torGroupandScienceManager.ShewillmanagesomeFluorSectorgroupsforhalfofhertime,whiletheotherhalfshewillbemanagingthehealthrelatedscienceissuesforEuroChlor.

ToxicityandhealthMarleen isadoctor inpharmaceuticalsciencesandobtainedherPhDdegreein2008attheVrijeUniversiteitBrussel(VUB)onathesisentitled:‘CriticalevaluationofthecurrentEUregu-latoryframeworkforthesafetyassessmentofcosmetics’.

She started her career at this university giving logistical andscientific support to the experts of the Belgian High CouncilofPublicHealth.MarleenthenwenttoAlbemarleEuropeasaSeniorRegulatoryAffairsandToxicologyAnalyst.Shethenre-turnedtotheVUBtotakeonresponsibilityforthepreparationoftechnicalinformationfilesandtheiracceptancebyauthori-tiesforcosmeticcompaniesinordertoputthemincompliancewiththecurrentcosmeticslegislation.

Forher scienceactivities inEuroChlorMarleenwill bedeal-ingwithavarietyofhealthandtoxicityrelatedtopics,includingmercuryandoccupationalexposureandchlorineandasthma.

MarleenPauwelsSectorGroupandScienceManager

“GladtobepartoftheEuroChlorteam”

Workers’exposuretoelectromagneticfields(EMF)TheupdateworkontheEuropeanDirectivetoprotectworkersagainsttheeffectsofelectro-magneticfieldshasledtosuccessivedraftdocumentsdiscussedwiththesocialpartners.Thefinaldraft,integratingthelatestICNIRPguidelineforlowfrequenciesEMFandtheGermanauthorities’studyresults,hasledtotheeditingofaformalopinionbytheAdvisoryCommitteeforSafetyandHealth.TheCom-missionwasaskedtomakeseveraltechnicalimprovementsandtoaddclarificationstothedraftDirective.Inthelatestversiondistributed,theCommissionhasmostlyintegratedthecommentsmadebythestakeholders,andtheDirectivehasbeensubmittedtotheCouncilandtheParliamentjustbeforethesummer.

Clarificationsarestillrequired,buttheywillprobablybeintegratedinaguidelinetobepreparedbytheCommissionwiththestake-holders.ThetargetistohavethisnewdirectivevotedbeforeApril2012,allowingtheoldonetoberepealedbeforethetimelimitforitsimplementation.

Inparallel,EuroChlorisrestartingtheworkwithCENELECtofinalizeastandardformeasurementmethodsapplicabletotheelectrolysisindustries,basedonthenewdraftDirective’scontent.

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05 Communication & Education

Relevant, scientific and timely information

The European chlor-alkali industry has based its reputation management on providing relevant, scientifically sound and timely information. Stakeholders are informed of the newest scientific findings linked to the sector’s activities and of Euro Chlor news on regulatory developments.Unexpected events concerning chlorine-related substances have called for prompt and adequate communication. Immediately after the Hungarian red sludge disaster and at the start of the dioxin crisis in the German food chain, Euro Chlor published one-pagers explaining the basic facts about caustic soda and dioxins. This transparency is closely linked to Euro Chlor’s credibility.

ThenewlydesignedEuroChlorwebsitefulfilsthemodernsurfer’swishesforergonomics

TheeighthChlorineTechnologyConferenceinBudapestgathered330participants

EuroChlorwebsiteentirelyrenovatedOverthelasttwelvemonths,theEuroChlorwebsite–initiallycreatedin2005–hasbeencompletelyrevamped.Itsstructureisnowcontent-drivenandnolongerdrivenbytheSec-retariat’sstructure.Thisapproachenhancesuserfriendliness,theaimbeingthatanypageofinterestcanbefoundinjustthreeclicks.Thefreshandcolourfuldesignmeetstoday’sstandardsforcorporatewebsites.TheEuroChlorManagementBrief,sentmonthlytoselectedreadersamongmembercompanies,hasalsobeenrestyledandharmo-nizedwiththewebsiteappearance.

WebcommunicationremainsverysuccessfulTheformerEuroChlorwebsite,onlineuntilSeptember2011,countedabout160,000visi-torsin2010andevenstillshowedapositivetrendin2011(+6%averagemonthlyvisitors).Morethanhalfamillionwebpagesareviewedeveryyear.With30,000visitsperyear,thepagesonthechlorineproductionprocessesarethemostpopular.Onequarterofallvisi-torsregularlyreturntothesitetovisitotherpages.ThesitealsogenerateshundredsofmailsorderingEuroChlorpublicationsandtechnicaldocuments.

TechnologyConference&Exhibition:eightheditionWiththeeightheditionofitsChlorineTechno-logyConferenceinBudapest,EuroChlorcon-tinuesaseriesofimportantworld-scaleeventsthatstartedquitemodestlyin1981inParis.Itwasatthatpointintimethatamember-onlygatheringonchlorinehandlingandsafetywasorganized,underEuroChlor’sinitialnameBureauInternationalTechniqueduChlore.Afterthat,itwouldtakeuntil1990toorganizeinBrusselsthesecondTechnicalSeminaronSafety.Sincethen,furtherconferenceshavetakenplaceinParis,Leipzig,Barcelona,PragueandLyon.

The2011eventcountedabout330participantsand33exhibitorsatthisinternationalforumforexchanginganddiscussingthelatesttrendsonhealthmatters,environmentalprotectionandsafetyissueslinkedtochlor-alkaliproduction.Theysharedthenewesttechnologicaldevelop-mentsrelatedtoallaspectsofproduction,transportationanduseofchlorineandcausticsoda.

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TheEuroChlorexhibitionstanddocumentstheimpactofchlorineandcausticindozensofareasofmodernlife

Fromhischemicalbackground,DirkClotmanhasbeenactiveallhiscareerindefending,explainingandpromot-ing chemistry and the chemical industry at large. Formorethanthreeyearsnow,hehasbeendevelopingandrefreshingEuroChlor’sinternalandexternalcommuni-cations,includingsciencecommunication,andadaptedthevisualidentityofEuroChlor.

Intheelectronicfield,abrandnewwebsitehasbeencre-atedandEuroChlor’sManagementBriefrestyled.Othertypesofelectroniccommunication–suchassocialnet-

works–arestudied.ThedailymaintenanceoftheEuroChlorandECSAwebpages-aswellasthemanagementoftheChlorVinylnetworkdocumentexchangesite-arealsohandledbyCommunications.RelevantinformationrelatedtoEuroChlorandtomembercompanies’activi-tiesaresharedintheelectronicnewsletter.

Finally,anextensivecommunicationprogrammeisbe-ing developed in order to increase the visibility of thechlorine industryand tohighlightmore intensively thebenefitsofitsdownstreamproducts.

DirkClotmanCommunicationsManager

“Intensiveelectroniccommunication,wrappedinanewjacket””

Highlevelinternationalspeakerscontributedtohelpusseenewperspectivesinthechlor-alkaliindustry.ThemajorityoftheparticipantscamefromalloverEurope,but14non-Euro-peancountriesfromallcontinentswerealsorepresented.

NewexhibitionstandCommunicationshaspreparedamodularexhibitionstandon‘Chlorineismore…thanyouthink’.Keywordsandeye-catchingpicturesillustratehowchlorineandcausticarefunda-mentalbuildingblocksforthousandsofusefulchemicalandpharmaceuticalcompounds.ThestandwillenhancetheEuroChlorvisiblepresenceatcongressesandmajormeetings.


EuroChlorInformationSheetsexplaincomplexscientificissuesinaveryaccessibleway

EuroChlorFOCSpublicationscoverinarelativelysimplewayresearchtopicsinthefieldofchlorinechemistry

InformationSheetsEuroChlor’scommunicationsstrategyembra-ceseffortstoexplainanumberoftopicslinkedtochlorinechemistrytoalargeaudience.SowehavecreatedInformationSheetsonvarioussubjects.ThesesheetscanbeeasilytranslatedintootherEuropeanlanguages.Policymakers,thepressandthepublicatlargemaybeinter-estedintheseone-pagers,whichcanofcoursebedownloadedfromthewebsiteasPDFfiles.RespondingtoindustrialincidentsinHungaryandGermany,EuroChlorissuedInformationSheetsoncausticsodaanddioxins.OtherSheets,liketheonesonPCBsandthefightagainstmalaria,havebeenupdated,explainingEuroChlor’spositionontheseissues.

NewScienceDossieronhalogenatedby-productsEuroChlorpublishedanewScienceDossierin2010:Environmentalsafetyofhalogenatedorganicby-productsfromtheuseofactivechlorine.Thispublicationpresentsadetailedexaminationofthehalogenatedby-productsgeneratedwhenusingactivechlorinefordisin-fectionofwaterandtheenvironmentalimpactofthesespecies.

TwoFOCSpublicationsFOCSpublications(‘FocusonChlorineSci-ence’)coverscienceissuesaimingtoclarifyandconsolidateinarelativelysimplewayresearchinthefieldofchlorinechemistry.Initi-atedin2010,twoissueshavebeenpublishedin2011:MetallicMercury:thehealtheffectsoflong-term,lowtomoderateexposures(March)andBioaccumulation(May).

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06European chlor-alkali industry shoots back up

While the European chlor-alkali industry was one of the first chemical sectors to be severely hit by the dramatic economic and financial crisis, which started during the second half of 2008, it was also among the first ones to show signs of improvement in 2010. Demand for caustic soda, an essential co-product in chlorine manufacture, managed to recover from the drastic drop in 2009. The chlorinated solvents market also recovered from a substantial decrease in 2008-2009, but remained below the pre-crisis levels.

Industry overview

Afterbeingdeeplyaffectedbythe2008-2009downturn,2010chlorineproductionanddemandregisteredthefastestrebounds,albeitremainingwellbelowthepre-crisislevels.Withnearly10milliontonnesin2010,Europeanchlorineproductionwas9.9%higherthaninthepreviousyear.The2010averagecapacityutilizationratereached79.0%comparedto71.1%in2009.

GermanyremainedEurope’slargestchlorineproducer,accountingfor45%ofEuropeanpro-duction,followedbyBelgium/TheNetherlandswith15.7%,andFrancewith11.4%.Thesetopthreeregionsaccountedtogetherfor72%oftotalEuropeanchlorinemanufacturein2010.

Afteradrasticdropand,consequently,recordhighstocklevelsin2009,demandforcausticsoda–anessentialco-productinthemakingofchlorine–,managedtorecoveralthoughitisstillnotasrobustandstableasbeforethecrisis.Overallaveragemonthlystocklevelsremainedjustbelowthe250,000tonnesmark.

Chlorineandcausticsoda,whicharekeychemicalbuildingblocksforawiderangeofproductsandprocesses,areproducedbyelectrolysisusingthreemaintechnologies:mercury,membraneanddiaphragm.Afterhav-ingusedthemercurytechnologyformorethanacentury,theEuropeanchlor-alkaliindustrycommittedvoluntarilytocloseorconvertitsmercurybasedplantsby2020.Intheyear2000,themercuryprocessstillaccountedfor54%ofEuropeancapacity.Thetargetwasformercurycellstorepresentlessthan35%of

theinstalledcapacitybytheendof2010.Andtheindustrydidnotfailtodeliver:thegradualshiftawayfromthemercurycelltechnologycontinued,accountingfor30.9%ofthetotalinstalledcapacityin2010,a8.9%changeon2009.Themoreenergy-efficientmembranetechnologyaccountedformorethan50%of2010Europeanchlorinecapacity.

Aftertwodifficultconsecutiveyearsthechlo-rinatedsolventsmarketisslowlyrecovering.Withnearly158,000tonnesin2010,combinedsalesofdichloromethane(methylenechloride)andperchloroethylene(tetrachloroethylene)were10.4%higherthanin2009.Butthesitua-tiondiffersforeachsolvent.Salesofdichloro-methanewentupby13.8%in2010comparedtothepreviousyear,whereasforperchloro-ethylenethesituationremainedratherstablewitha2.7%increase.WithonlyoneproducerinWesternEurope,salesoftrichloroethylenecannolongerbereportedinobservanceoftheCeficstatisticsrules.

In2010,EuropeanchlorineproductionwasnearlytenpercenthigherthaninthepreviousyearA

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43INDUSTRY OVERVIEWCH 06

ChlorinatedParaffins:scientificdevelopmentsarecontinuing

Chlorinatedparaffinssalesin2010wereabove45,000tonnes,approximately1%uponthepreviousyear.DossierstoregisterMCCPandLCCPunderREACHweresub-mittedaheadofthe1Decemberdeadline.TherewasnoConsortiumforSCCP,butadossierforSCCPhasbeensubmitted.ThedossiersarecurrentlybeingevaluatedbyECHA,theEuropeanChemicalsAgencyinHelsinki.

FormaltestingrequirementstoassesswhetherMCCPfulfilsthePBTcriteriaweremetandsubmittedtotheUK,asrappor-teurMemberState.Therequiredbioac-cumulationtestonachlorinatedtetradec-aneshowedabioaccumulationpotentialabovethecriteria.However,asthisspecificcomponenthasalsobeenfoundtobebiodegradable,theoverallconclusionwasthatnoMCCPcomponentsare‘PBT’.TherapporteuracknowledgedinthereporttoECHAthefactthatdifferentcomponentsofMCCPsmayhaveverydifferentenviron-mentalpropertiesandreferredtotheongo-ingworkcarriedoutbytheSectorGroup.

InEurope,Norwayhasmaintainedpres-sureonMCCPs,whichtheyhaveputontheirnationallistofsubstancesofconcern.TheCPSectorGroupbelievesthisisdonebasedonincorrectdataandassumptions.WiththehelpofCeficthisapproach,af-fectingMCCPsaswellasothersubstancessuchasphthalates,isbeingcontestedargu-ingthatNorwegianauthoritieshaveagreedtofollowREACH.Byfollowinganunscien-tificapproachandlistingthesubstancesincorrectlyanunjustifiedbusinesspressureisputontheproduct.

SCCPswerediscussedundertheStockholmConventionbythePOPReviewCommittee(POPRC)meetinginOctober2010forthefifthyearinarow.Thisisexceptionalasnoothersubstancehasbeendiscussedmorethanonceperevaluationstage.OnceagainthePOPRCcouldnotreachaconsensusviewwithseveralPartiesopposingtolistSCCPasaPOP,includingJapan,IndiaandChina.Alternativelytherewasalsonounanimoussupporttosetthesubstanceaside.ThereforeitwasdecidedtoevaluatetheinterpretationoftheAnnexEcriteriaandalsotofocusonthe‘toxicinteraction’issuewhichreferstomixtures.SCCPsareexpectedtobeonlybrieflyrevisitedatPOPRC7withanotherin-depthdiscussionplannedforPOPRC8(2012).

Plantvisitsofneighboursandotherstakeholdersaretypi-

calfortheopennessofthechlorineindustry A

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Scientificdevelopmentsarecontinuing.Aprojectisbeingruntoinvestigatethepos-sibilitythatMCCPsinterferewithvitaminKabsorptioninthegut.Initialresultsshowthatthisisnotthecase,buttherearesomeissueswiththetestmodelthatneedtobefurtherinvestigated.AdditionallyworkisongoingwiththebiodegradationofMCCPsatvariouslevelsofchlorination.ResultsdemonstratethatMCCPsupto50%chlori-nationarerapidlyandeasilybiodegradable.Componentswithhigherlevelsofchlorina-tionarealsobiodegradablebutarepronetoproducesomerecalcitrantmetabolites.Thenatureofthesemetabolitesisbeinginves-tigatedfurther.ThebiodegradationresultswerepresentedatSETACinMay2011andapeer-reviewedpaperisforthcoming.

AdditionallyinlateAugustapresentationontheriskassessmentofSVHCcom-poundswasdeliveredattheDioxin2011symposiuminBrussels,whichincludedCPsasanexample.

TheroofoftheCologne“RheinEnergy”soccerstadiumconsistsofpolycarbonatepanels

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Thechlorinetreeshowstheversatilepropertiesandusesofchlorineoriginatingfromplainsalt.CheckouranimatedChlorinetreeonwww.eurochlor.org>whatischlorineusedfor.

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EuropeanChlorineproductionin20109,999kilotonnes

Europeanchlorineapplicationsin201010,010kilotonnes

Europeancausticsodaapplicationsin20109,801kilotonnes

Pulp,paper,cellulose1,336kt(13.6%)Adhesives,heattransferprinting,newspapers,books

Mineraloils139kt(1.4%)Greases,fueladditives

Aluminiumandmetals571kt(5.8%)Greenhouses,carandairplanepanels,steelhardening

Foodindustries447kt(4.6%)Fruitandvegetablepeelings,icecream,thickeners,wrappings

Miscellaneous1,645 kt(16.8%)Neutralizationofacids,gasscrubbing,pharmaceuticals,rubberrecycling

Soaps349kt(3.6%)Shampoos,cosmetics,cleaningagents

Bleach 379kt(3.9%)Textiles,disinfectants

Phosphates167kt(1.7%)Detergents

Watertreatment436kt(4.4%)Flocculationofwaste,aciditycontrol

Otherinorganics1,372kt(14.0%)Paints,glass,ceramics,fuelcells,perfumes

Rayon142kt(1.5%)Bedspreads,surgicaldressings

Inorganics1,351kt(13.5%) Disinfectants,watertreatment,paintpigments

Isocyanates&Oxygenates2,937kt(29.3%)Uphlostery,insulation,footwear,plastics,pesticides,carpaints

Solvents312kt(3.1%)Metaldegreasing,adhesives,drycleaning,plastics

Epichlorohydrin 545kt(5.4%)Pesticides,epoxyresins,printedcircuits,sportsboats,fishingrods

Chloromethanes540kt(5.4%)Siliconrubbers,decaffeinators,Teflon®,paintstrippers,cosmetics

OtherOrganics922kt(9.2%)Detergents,ship&bridgepaints,lubricants,wallpaperadhesives,

herbicides,insecticides

PVC 3,403kt(34.0%)Doorsandwindowframes,pipes,flooring,

medicalsupplies,clothing

Organics 2,818 kt(28.8%)Artificialarteries,parachutes,pentips,telephones

France1,136 kt(11.4%)

Germany4,497kt(45.0%)

UK+Poland+Portugal+Switzerland885kt(8.9%)

Italy+Austria+Greece+Romania+Norway795kt(7.9%)

Spain531kt(5.3%)

CzechRepublic+SlovakRepublic+Hungary+Finland+Sweden 583kt(5.8%)

Belgium+theNetherlands1,572 kt(15.7%)

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COUNTRY * COMPANY SITE PROCESS CAPACITY(000tonnes)

Austria 1 DonauChemie Brückl M 70

Belgium 3 SolVin Antwerp Hg 290

M 144

4 SolVin Jemeppe M 174

5 INEOSChlorVinyls Tessenderlo1 Hg 170

M 270

CzechRep. 6 Spolana Neratovice Hg 135

7 Spolchemie Usti Hg 61

Finland 8 AkzoNobel Oulu Hg 40

9 Kemira Joutseno M 75

France 10 PPChemicals Thann Hg 72

11 Perstorp PontdeClaix D 170

12 ARKEMA Fos D 150

M 150

13 ARKEMA Jarrie Hg 170

14 ARKEMA Lavera Hg 166

D 175

15 ARKEMA SaintAuban M 20

16 MétauxSpéciaux Pomblière Na 42

17 Prod.Chim.d'Harbonnières

Harbonnières Hg 23

18 Solvay Tavaux Hg 240

M 120

19 Prod.Chim.Loos Loos Hg 18

Germany 20 BASF Ludwigshafen Hg 170

M 215

21 Bayer Dormagen M 400

HCl 80

22 Bayer Leverkusen M 330

23 Bayer Uerdingen Hg 130

M 110

24 Bayer Brunsbuttel HCl 210

25 Dow Schkopau M 250

26 Vinnolit Knapsack M 250

27 CABBGmbH Gersthofen M 45

28 Dow Stade D 1030

M 555

29 AkzoNobel Ibbenbüren Hg 125

30 AkzoNobel Bitterfeld M 88

31 EvonikDegussa Lülsdorf Hg 137

32 INEOSChlorVinyls Wilhelmshaven Hg 149

33 AkzoNobel Frankfurt Hg 167

34 Solvay Rheinberg D 110

M 85

35 VESTOLIT Marl M 260

36 Vinnolit Gendorf M 180

37 Wacker Chemie Burghausen M 50

Greece 38 HellenicPetroleum Thessaloniki Hg 40

94 Kapachim InofitaViotias M 4

95 UnileverKnorr Marousi M 20

Hungary 39 BorsodChem Kazincbarcika Hg 131

M 160

Ireland 40 MicroBio Fermoy M 9

COUNTRY * COMPANY SITE PROCESS CAPACITY(000tonnes)

Italy 41 AltairChimica Volterra M 27

93 ProcterandGamble Campochiaro M 20

42 Solvay Bussi M 25

44 Syndial Assemini/Cagliari M 150

49 Solvay Rosignano M 120

50 TessenderloChemie PieveVergonte Hg 42

Netherlands 51 AkzoNobel Botlek M 633

52 AkzoNobel Delfzijl M 109

54 SABIC Bergen op Zoom M 89

Norway 55 Borregaard Sarpsborg M 45

56 Elkem Bremanger M 10

57 INEOSChlorVinyls Rafnes M 260

Poland 58 Rokita BrzegDolny Hg 78

M 48

59 Zachem Bydgoszcz D 72

60 Anwil Wloclawek M 214

Portugal 61 Solvay Povoa M 26

62 CUFQuimicosIndustriais

Estarreja M 72

HCl 44

Romania 91 Oltchim RamnicuValcea Hg 186

M 105

92 ChimComplex Borzesti M 107

Slovenia 88 TKI Hrastnik Hrastnik M 16

Spain 64 Ercros Huelva/Palos Hg 48

65 Ercros Sabinanigo M 30

66 Ercros Vilaseca Hg 135

M 55

67 EHERSA Hernani M 15

68 ELNOSA Lourizan Hg 34

69 Ercros Flix Hg 115

70 QuimicadelCinca Monzon Hg 31

71 Hispavic Martorell Hg 218

72 Solvay Torrelavega Hg 63

Sweden 75 INEOSChlorVinyls Stenungsund Hg 120

Switzerland 77 CABBAG Pratteln Hg 27

UK 82 INEOSChlorVinyls Runcorn Hg 277

M 400

85 Brenntag Thetford M 7

TOTAL 12468

Nonmembers 165

Members(98,7%) 12303

* Numberonmap1 TotalcombinedchlorineproductioncapacityPermitto400

Process:Hg:MercuryM:MembraneD:DiaphragmHCl:ElectrolysisofHCltoCl2Na:moltensaltelectrolysis/CompanynamesinitalicsarenotEuroChlormembers

49CH 07 CHLORINE PRODUCTION PLANTS


08 Euro Chlor

In the centre of chlor-alkali regulatory and HSE issues

Euro Chlor represents the interests of 98% of chlor-alkali producers in the EU-27 and the EFTA regions with the EU institutions and international authorities. It constitutes a central partner for member companies to share best practices on health, safety and environment matters. The Federation co-ordinates scientific and communications activities in order to improve understanding of chlorine chemistry and its great importance providing basic building blocks for thousands of substances.

Apartfromits38producermembercompanies,EuroChlorcounts45AssociateMembersand43Technicalcorrespondents

InEurope,36producermembersofEuroChlordirectlyemployabout39,000peopleat69manufacturinglocationsin20countries.However,almost2,000,000jobsaredirectlyorindirectlyrelatedtochlorineanditsco-productcausticsodawhenthenumerousdownstreamactivitiesaretakenintoconsideration.Apartfromproducers,EuroChloralsohas45Associatemembersand43TechnicalCor-respondents.Theseincludenationalchlorineassociationsandworkinggroups,suppliersofequipment,materialsandservicesaswellasdownstreamusersandproducersoutsideEurope.

FromitsofficesinBrussels,EuroChlorprovidestheSecretariatfortheWorldChlorineCouncil,aglobalnetworkofnationalorre-gionalorganizationsinmorethan27countries.Bytheendofthisyear,WCCwillrepresentover90%ofworld-widechlor-alkaliproduction,takingintoaccounttheanticipatedmember-shipoftheChineseChlor-AlkaliIndustryAssociation(CCAIA).

EuroChlorwasfoundednearly60yearsagoasaproduction-orientedtechnicalorganization(BureauInternationalTechniqueduChlore,BITC)butwasrestructuredin1989inordertoprovidethesectorwithstrengthenedscientific,advocacyandcommunicationscapabilities.Sincethen,astrongfocushasbeenplacedonsoundsciencecoupledwithcontinualhealth,safetyandenvironmentalimprovementscomplementedbyopenandtransparentcom-municationswithkeystakeholders.

Ontheoccasionofthe20thanniversaryofEuroChlorin2009,theFederationunderlinedthatoneofitsmajorobjectiveshasalwaysbeenthefullrecognitionbyEuropeandtherestoftheworldofthebenefitsofchlorinechemistrytosociety.

The13SecretariatstaffemployedatofficesinBrusselsrepresentssevennationalities(Belgian,English,Dutch,French,German,NewZealandandSwedish)andspeak9languages.

GuidanceandoverallstrategicdirectionisprovidedbytheManagementCommitteeandafewdozencommitteesandworkinggroupsprovidespecialistknowledgeandsupport.

CHLORINEANDCAUSTICSODA–KEYCHEMICALBUILDINGBLOCKS

Adhesives Ceramics Fiber-glass Lubricants

Advancedcomposites Computers Flame-proofing Paints

Airbags Cosmetics Footballs Paper

Antibiotics Creditcards Fungicides Perfumes

Antifreeze Detergents Gaskets Pharmaceuticals

Bleach Disinfectants Golfbags Plastics

Bloodbags Drillingfluids Greenhouses Refrigerants

Brakefluids Drinkingwater Hairdryers Rollerblades

Bullet-resistantglass Drycleaning Herbicides Roofing

Bumpers Dyestuffs Inks Safetybelts

Carseats Electronics Insulation Vitamins

Carpets Explosives Intravenousdrips Windowframes...

CDsandDVDs Fertilizers Lighting ...andmuchmore.

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51EURO CHLORCH 08


EuroChlorhelpstoimproveunderstandingoftheimportanceofchlorinechemistryforprovidingbasicbuildingblocksforthousandsofsubstances

ManagementCommittee(20June2011)

Chairman:MichaelTräger VESTOLIT

AndreasAmling BayerMaterialScience

JoséBerges EvonikDegussa

FilipeConstant Solvay

FranciscoGarcíaBrú Ercros

FabriceGarrigue Perstorp

YvesHeroes LVM(TessenderloChemie)

JanuszKwaśny PCCRokita

MartinProcházka Spolchemie

GianfrancoRusso Syndial

KnutSchwalenberg AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicals

OttoTakken ARKEMA

ChrisTane INEOSChlorVinyls

ArndThomas DowDeutschland

ThomasWehlage BASF

MichaelWinhold Vinnolit

Secretariatstaff

AlistairSteel ExecutiveDirector

FrançoiseMinne SeniorAssistant

DolfvanWijk Science&RegulatoryAffairsDirectorChlorinatedParaffinsManager

MarleenPauwels ScienceManager

ShaunPresow ScienceCounsellor

CarolineAndersson SeniorCounsellorRegulatoryAffairs

DavinaStevenson Assistant

IsabelleCoppens Assistant

Jean-PolDebelle Technical&SafetyDirector

ChantalPeeters Assistant

DirkClotman CommunicationsManager

WolfgangMarquardt ECSAManager

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PVCoffersvirtuallyunlimitedpossibilitiesforthecreativeproductionofwindowframes

Committeesandworkinggroups

Management• ManagementCommittee• adhocSustainabilityTaskForce• StatisticsCommittee

Advocacy&communications• RegulatoryAffairsCommittee• NationalChlorineAssociationsNetwork• AdhocEnergyWG• ChlorineCommunicators’Network

Productgroups• ChlorinatedParaffinsSectorGroup• PotassiumGroup

EuropeanChlorinatedSolventAssociation• ManagementCommittee• Communication&OutreachWG• GeneralTechnicalWG• Occupational&EnvironmentalHealthWG• ProductWG• SustainabilityWGs

Science• SteeringCommittee• EnvironmentWG• BiocidesStrategyGroup• BiocidesRegistrationGroups• REACHProjectTeam

Technical&safety• GeneralTechnicalCommittee(GTC)• EnvironmentalProtectionWG• GEST(Safety)WG• EquipmentWG• InstrumentsWG• TransportWG• HealthWG• ElectromagneticFieldsWG• AnalyticalWG• AdhocGroupChlor-AlkaliBREFUpdate• CarbonFootprintTF• MercuryinsoilTF

WorldChlorineCouncil• WCCGoverningCouncil• WCCManagementCommittee• WCCJointGlobalAdvocacy

&ScienceTeam• WCCGlobalSafetyTeam• WCCGlobalSustainabilityTeam

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53EURO CHLORCH 08


FullMembers

AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicalsAltairChimicaAnwilArkemaBASFBayerMaterialScienceBorregaardBorsodChemCABB(Germany)CABB(Switzerland)CHIMCOMPLEXCUF-QuímicosIndustriaisDonauChemieDowDeutschlandAnlagengesellschaftElectroquímicadeHernaniElectroquímicadelNoroesteErcrosEvonikDegussaHellenicPetroleumINEOSChlorVinylsKemiraMSSANováckechemickézávodyOLTCHIMPCCRokitaPerstorpFrancePPCQuímicadelCincaSociétédesProduitsChimiques d’HarbonnièresSolvaySolVinSpolchemie,SpolekprochemickouahutnívýrobuSyndialTessenderloChemieVESTOLITVinnolitZACHEMZAKŁADYChemiczneZachem

AssociateMembers

AlKoutIndustrialProjectsAngeliniAcraf.AquagroupArchChemicalsAsahiKaseiChemicalsCorporationAsociaciónNacionaldeElectroquímica (ANE)AssociationofChemicalIndustryof theCzechRepublic(SCHP)BOCBochemieBrenntagUKGroupCaffaroBresciaChemicalIndustriesAssociation(CIA)ChemieanlagenbauChemnitzChemoformChlorineEngineersCorp.DeNoraDeutschlandDELAessensciaFederchimicaAssobaseGHCGERLING,HOLZ&CO.HungarianChemicalIndustry Association(MAVESZ)InquideK+SEntsorgungKapachimLEUNA-TENSIDELOMBARDAHLonzaNankaiChemicalCo.NCPChlorchem(Pty)NIPPONSODACO.NOVACIDPolishChamberoftheChemicalIndustry (PIPC)Procter&GambleEurocorSGCIChemiePharmaSchweizSojitzEuropeSyndicatdesHalogènesetDérivés(SHD)SyngentaCropProtectionSyngentaTeijinAramidTheSwedishPlasticsandChemicals Federation(Plast-&Kemiföretagen)TosohCorporationUhdeUnileverR&DVlaardingenVerbandderChemischenIndustrie(VCI)VerenigingvandeNederlandse ChemischeIndustrie(VNCI)

TechnicalCorrespondents

AFCEnergyAGCChemicalsEuropeAkerKvaernerChemeticsApplitekBLUESTAR(Bejing)ChemicalMachineryCAN-TECHChemtecUKConve&AVSCoogeeChlorAlkaliPtyCraneResistoflexCristalGlobalDescoteErametEynardRobinFlowstreamInternationalGarlockGeorgFischerRLSH2ScanCorporationHealthandSafetyExecutiveHitechInstrumentsHuntsman(Europe)ISGECKorumaKlorAlkaliKronosEuropeLubrizolAdvancedMaterialsEuropeNedStackFuelCellTechnologyNirouChlorOccidentalChemicalBelgiumPfeifferChemie-ArmaturenbauPhönixArmaturen-WerkeR2RelianceIndustriesRichterChemie-TechnikRIVM–CEVSasolPolymersSeniorAerospaceErmetoSIEM-SupraniteSimonCarvesTaylorshawValvesTechnipFranceTronoxPigments(Holland)VichemWTArmatur

55EURO CHLORCH 08

AkzoNobelIndustrialChemicalsBVStationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortTHENETHERLANDSSwitchboard:+31 33 4676767Generalfax:+31 33 4676108www.akzonobel.com

AltairChimicaSpAViaMoieVecchie,1356047SalinediVolterra(PI)ITALYSwitchboard:+39 0588 9811Generalfax:+39 0588 98181www.altairchimica.com

AnwilSAul.Toruńska22287-805WłocławekPOLANDSwitchboard:+48 54 236 30 91Generalfax:+48 54 236 19 83www.anwil.pl

Arkema420,rued’Estienned’Orves,92705 ColombesCedexFRANCESwitchboard:+33 1 49 00 80 80Generalfax:+33 1 49 00 83 96www.arkema.com

BASFSECarl-Bosch-Str.38DE-67056LudwigshafenGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 621 60-0Generalfax:+49 621 60-42525www.basf.com

BayerMaterialScienceAGBuildingK12Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee51368LeverkusenGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 214 30-1Generalfax:+49 214 30-96 38810www.bayermaterialscience.com

BorregaardPOBox1621701SarpsborgNORWAYSwitchboard:+47 69 11 80 00Generalfax:+47 69 11 87 70www.borregaard.com

BorsodChemZrt.Bolyaitér 13700KazincbarcikaHUNGARYSwitchboard:+36 48 511-211Generalfax:+36 48 511-511www.borsodchem.hu

CABBAGDüngerstrasse814133Pratteln1SWITZERLANDSwitchboard:+41 61 825 31 11Generalfax:+41 61 821 80 27www.cabb-chemicals.com

CABBGmbHAmUnisyspark165843SulzbachamTaunusGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 69 305 277-72Generalfax:+49 69 305 277-78www.cabb-chemicals.com

CHIMCOMPLEXSABORZESTIStr.Industriilornr.3Onesti601124,jud.BacauROMANIASwitchboard:+40 234 302400Generalfax:+40 234 302002www.chimcomplex.ro

CUF-QuímicosIndustriaisSAQuintadaIndústriaBeduído3860-680EstarrejaPORTUGALSwitchboard:+351 234 810 300Generalfax:+351 234 810 306www.cuf-qi.pt

DonauChemieAGAmHeumarkt,101030WienAUSTRIASwitchboard:+43 1 711 47-0Generalfax:+43 1 711 47-5www.donau-chemie.com

DowDeutschlandAnlagengesellschaftmbHWerkStadePOBox112021677StadeSwitchboard:+49 4146 91 0Generalfax:+49 4146 91 2600www.dow.com

ElectroquímicadeHernani,S.A.AvenidadeMadrid,13 - 1°20011Donostia-SanSebastianSPAINSwitchboard:+34 943 451 140Generalfax:+33 943 453 965


ElectroquímicadelNoroeste,S.A.(ELNOSA)MarismaDeLourizan,s/n36910PontevedraSPAINSwitchboard:+34 986 85 37 50Generalfax:+34 986 86 41 32www.elnosa.es

Ercros,S.A.AvenidaDiagonal59508014BarcelonaSPAINSwitchboard:+34934393009Generalfax:+34 934 308 073www.ercros.es

EvonikDegussaGmbHStandortLülsdorfFeldmühlestrasse53859NiederkasselGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 2208 69-0Generalfax:+49 2208 69-420www.evonik.de

HellenicPetroleumSA8AChimarrasstr.151 25MaroussiGREECESwitchboard:+30 210 63 02 000Generalfax:+30 210 63 02 510www.hellenic-petroleum.gr

INEOSChlorVinylsSouthParadeRuncornSiteHQPOBox9RuncornCheshireWA7 4JEUNITEDKINGDOMSwitchboard:+44 1928 561111www.ineoschlor.com

KemiraOyjPOBox 7Harmajantie 332741SastamalaFINLANDSwitchboard:+358 20 431 11Generalfax:+358 20 431 0431www.kemira.com

MSSAS.A.S.Pomblière73600SaintMarcelFRANCESwitchboard:+33 4 79 24 70 70Generalfax:+33 4 79 24 70 50www.metauxspeciaux.fr

Nováckechemickézávody,a.s.M.R.Štefánika1972 71NovákySLOVAKREPUBLICSwitchboard:+421 46 568 1111Generalfax:+421 46 546 1138www.nchz.sk

OLTCHIMS.A.1UzineiStreet240050Rm.ValceaROMANIASwitchboard:+40 250 701200Generalfax:+40 250 736188www.oltchim.ro

PCCRokitaSAul.Sienkiewicza4,56-120BrzegDolny,POLANDSwitchboard:+48 71 794 2000Generalfax:+48 71 794 2197www.rokita.com.pl

PerstorpFranceS.A.S.TourPleyel153BoulevardAnatoleFrance93200Saint-DenisFRANCESwitchboard:+33 1 77 93 26 24Generalfax:+33 1 42 43 45 13www.perstorp.com

PPCS.A.S.95rueduGénéraldeGaulleBP6009068802ThannCedexFRANCESwitchboard:+33 3 89 38 46 00Generalfax:+33 3 89 38 46 01www.ppchemicals.com

QuímicadelCinca,S.A.AvenidaDiagonal352,entresuelo08013BarcelonaSPAINSwitchboard:+34 934 584 000Generalfax:+34 934 584 007www.qcinca.es

SociétédesProduitsChimiquesd’Harbonnières(SPCH)BP5000180131HarbonnièresFRANCESwitchboard:+33 3 22 85 76 30Generalfax:+33 3 22 85 76 31www.spch.fr

SolvayS.A.RueduPrinceAlbert331050BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 509 6111Generalfax:+32 2 509 6617www.solvay.com

SolVinS.A.RuedeRansbeek, 3101120BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 264 2111Generalfax:+32 2 264 3585www.solvinpvc.com

Spolchemie,a.s.Spolekprochemickouahutnívýrobu,a.s.Revoluční86400 32ÚstínadLabemCZECHREPUBLICSwitchboard:+420 477 161 111Generalfax:+420 477 163 333www.spolchemie.cz

SyndialSpAPiazzaBoldrini,120097SanDonatoMilanese(Mi)ITALYSwitchboard:+39 02 520 326 00Generalfax:+39 02 520 326 16www.syndial.it

TessenderloChemieNV(LVMNV)RueduTrône,1301050BruxellesBELGIUMSwitchboard:+32 2 639 18 11Generalfax:+32 2 639 19 99www.tessenderlo.com

VESTOLITGmbH&Co.KGChemieparkMarlPaul-Baumann-Str.1D-45772 MarlGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 2365 49-05Generalfax:+49 2365 49-40 00www.vestolit.de

VinnolitGmbH&Co.KGCarl-Zeiss-Ring25 85737IsmaningGERMANYSwitchboard:+49 89 96 103-0Generalfax:+49 89 96 103-103www.vinnolit.com

ZACHEMZAKŁADYChemiczneZachem,a.s.WojskaPolskiego6585-825BydgoszczPOLANDSwitchboard:+48 52 374 71 00Generalfax:+48 52 361 02 82www.zachem.com.pl

57EURO CHLORCH 08


The Euro Chlor Sustainability Programme

Inthepastthechlorinechemistrywasoftenregardedasunsustain-able,becauseofproblemsthatarosewithcertainchlorinederiva-tives,nownolongerproducedoremissions,nowconsiderablyreduced.

The21stcenturyneedsasustainablechlorineindustry.Already,ourfirstsustainabilityprogrammehasdeliveredmajorimprovementsacrossabroadrangeofourkeyimpacts,andithasfocusedcompa-niesthroughoutthesectorontheareaswherefurtherimprovementscanmostbeneficiallybemade.

Ourfirstsustainabilityprogramme,announcedin2001,dedicatedtoprovidingscientificdatathataretheessentialbasisforsystem-aticriskassessmentandfocusedriskmanagement.Ithasnotonlyshowntheindustry’scollectivecommitmenttosustainabledevelop-ment.Ithasshowntheabilitytoleadanddelivermajorimprove-ments,bringingallintheindustrytowardsthestandardsofthebest.

Theroutetowardsfurtherimprovingthisbalancetocreateayetmoresustainablechlorineindustryischarted,andthesecondstageofthejourneyhasbegun.Welookforwardtoreporting,overthenext10yearstime,howthechlorineindustryhascontinuedtodelivermoreforsociety,fromless.

DiscovertheEuroChlorSustainableDevelopmentProgrammeonlineviawww.eurochlor.org.

10 Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011

Cover picture: Chlorine is produced in electrolysis cells, where an electric current is sent through brine, a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in water. Salt, water and electricity – the three basic raw materials of chlorine/caustic production – form the central themes of our Industry Review trilogy 2008-2011.In the 2008-2009 edition, we published artist’s impressions of electric current. The cover of the 2009-2010 Review was illustrated with beautiful water droplets, and this new edition shows salt crystals in their cubic mineral form.



Euro Chlor wishes to express its special thanks to the following individuals and companies which provided pictures and illustrations for this Review: AkzoNobel, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Isabelle Coppens, Michel Dvorak, ECSA, ECVM, INEOS ChlorVinyls, IUPAC – UNESCO, Françoise Minne, Solvay SOLARIMPULSE, Tecnopol srl, Tessenderlo Chemie

Design by www.witvrouwen.be


Chlorine Industry Review2010-2011

An affiliate of

Euro Chlor provides a focal point for the chlor-alkali industry’s drive to achieve a sustainable future through economically and environmentally sound manufacture and use of its products. Based in Brussels, at the heart of the European Union, the federation works with national, European and international authorities to ensure that legislation affecting the industry is workable, efficient and effective.

Euro Chlor©

Avenue E Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, box 2 - B-1160 Brussels - BelgiumT +32 2 676 72 11 - F + 32 2 676 72 [email protected] - www.eurochlor.org

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