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CEI - SEENET- MTP-EPS Workshop
Promotion of physics in the CEI countries and
Integrating Access to Research Infrastructures in Europe
Sofia, 23 – 25 November 2014
Fundamental physical research in
the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine for EU infrastructure
projects
Anatoly ZAGORODNY National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
OUTLINE
• National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (brief
introduction).
• Current state of the fundamental physical research
in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
(NASU).
• Ukrainian National Grid.
• Potential collaboration within the EU-infrastructure
projects.
• Conclusions.
According to the national legislation the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine is the highest scientific institution of Ukraine
funded by the Goverment. It integrates all researchers of its
institutions and carries out studies in various branches of knowledge,
develops scientific fundamentals for technological, socio-economic
and cultural advancement of the nation. According to its Statute, the
Academy enjoys the rights of self-government in making decisions
about its own activities.
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine consists of 3 sections:
- physical, technological and mathematical sciences;
- chemical and biological sciences;
- social sciences and humanities
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Departments • Department of Mathematics;
• Department of Information Science;
• Department of Mechanics;
• Department of Physics and Astronomy;
• Department of the Earth Science;
• Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials
Science;
• Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Power
Engineering;
• Department of Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering;
• Department of Chemistry;
• Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and
Molecular Biology;
• Department of General Biology;
• Department of Economical Sciences;
• Department of history, philosophy and Law;
• Department of Literature, Language and Art Studies.
Publications
International Collaboration
NASU realizes international collaboration within the
framework of more then 150 agreements with the academies,
foundations, scientific organizations, universities and
corporations from 50 countries.
International collaboration CERN (ALICE, CMS, LHCb, WLCG)
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna)
CNRS (France)
IIASA (Laxenburg, Austria)
Euratom
EISCAT
European Grid Initiative (technical level)
UNESCO
CEI
SEENET-MTP Network
Current state of physical research in
Ukraine Physical research in NASU are carried out in about 30
institutes from 3 Academy Departments (physics and
astronomy; nuclear physics and power engineering;
physical and technical problems of material science).
More then 4000 scientists deal with the studies in physics
and astronomy.
The largest physical institutes are the following:
National Science Center “Kharkiv Institute for Physics
and Technologies (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, which includes:
Institute of solid-state physics, material science and
technologies (fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature and
high-temperature superconductivity; physics of radiation effects and radiation
technologies; pure and super-pure metals and semiconductors, carbon and
graphite materials).
Institute of high-energy physics and nuclear physics
(Interaction of electrons and photons of intermediate energies (up to 2 GeV) with
nuclei; quantum electrodynamics in substance, including crystal; nuclear reactions
and structure of nuclei interacted with heavy nuclei and low-energy mult-icharged
ions).
Institute of plasma electronics and new methods of
acceleration (fundamental and applied aspects of plasma electronics and
new methods of charged particle acceleration, development of beam and beam-
plasma technologies; physics of charged beam-plasma interaction; construction of
high-current accelerators of electrons and ions for the use in beam-controlled
fusion problems; fundamental problems of electrodynamics and interaction of
electromagnetic waves with non-stationary media).
Akhiezer Institute for theoretical physics (quantum field theory
and elementary-particle physics; supersymmetry and supergravitation theories;
electroweak interactions and hadron electrodynamics; nuclear physics; theory of
interaction of high-energy particles with matter; theory of nonlinear systems;
statistical physics; solid-state physics and radiation physics).
Institute of Plasma Physics (fusion oriented theory and experiment,
including magnetic plasma confinement in stellarators and electromagnetic traps;
high-temperature plasma diagnostics; divertor and plasma facing materials;
development and application of pulsed and quasi-stationary plasma accelerators;
plasma technologies).
• Institute of Physics, Kiev (condensed matter physics, including the physics
of soft matter; physics of lasers, nonlinear and singular optics, holography;
surface physics, and plasma emission electronics, physics of
nanostructures, including heterostructures in semiconductors, nanoparticle
solids; physics of liquid crystal and polymer environments; interaction of
laser radiation with matter, electronic phenomena and phase transitions on
the surface of solids; physics of biological systems).
• Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev (theory of nuclei and
nuclear reactions; quantum field theory; high-energy physics and
astrophysics; statistical physics and kinetics; theory of solids, soft matter
physics; plasma theory; mathematical methods and computational modeling
in theoretical physics).
• Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev (high-energy physics, nuclear
physics, radiation processes in solids, fusion theory, physics of low
temperature plasma).
• Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kiev (interaction processes of
electromagnetic radiation with matter; low-dimensional systems, micro- and
nanoelectronics; optoelectronics and solar energetics; semiconductor
materials science, sensor systems).
• Institute of Metal Physics, Kiev (electronic structure of solids,
superconductivity, magnetic phenomena, physical bases and
searching for principally new metallic materials, principally new
facilities for modern engineering on the base of these materials).
• Verkin Institute for Low-temperature Physics, Kharkiv (low and
ultralow temperature physics; solid state physics; nanophysics and
nanotechnologies, including nanobiophysics; mathematical physics,
analysis and geometry; physical and engineering problems of
materials science).
• Institute of Applied Physics, Sumy (quantum field theory, plasma
electronics, physics of solids).
• Institute of Electron Physics, Uzhgorod (quantum field theory,
electronics, physics of solids, electron spectroscopy).
• Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Lviv (methods of
statistical physics and computer simulations, theory of liquids and
solutions, theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena,
theory of solids, soft matter physics).
• Institute of Radioastronomy, Kharkiv (centimeter and decameter
radioastronomy, space and geophysical plasma).
15
The main areas of physical science in Ukraine 1. High-energy physics and nuclear physics
(fundamental interactions, microscopic structure of nuclei, nuclear
reactions).
2. Solid state physics (structure of solids, physics of semiconductors,
magnetic properties, superconductivity, phase transitions,
low-dimensional structures, hetero-structures,
surface physics).
3. Low-temperature and ultra-low-temperature physics
(superconductivity, quantum liquids, magnetic and electric
properties of solids, cryogenic crystals).
4. Optics and laser physics (quantum and singular optics, molecular
spectroscopy).
5. Soft matter physics (physics of liquids and polymers, liquid crystals,
biopolymers, DNA).
6. Plasma physics (fusion plasma, plasma electronics, plasma
diagnostics, various aspects of fusion reactor ITER, plasma
facing materials, low temperature plasma and plasma technologies).
7. Radiophysics and radioelectronics.
8. Astronomy and radioastronomy.
Main recent achievements (experiments)
• Participation in the experiments on LHC (numerical
processing and analysis of experimental data (CMS,
LHCb), theoretical background, designing and
production of detector elements, software for data
processing (ALICE)). The Ukrainian physicist are
among those related to discovery of the Higgs
boson.
• Determination of cosmological parameters of
galactic objects by observing of 40 radio sources
with super high resolution. Observation of
decameter waves generated by electrons with main
quantum number of the order of 300.
• Observation of lightnings in the atmospheres of
distant planets using the earth tools.
• Observation of high-temperature magnon Bose-
Einstein condensation (international team).
Main recent achievements (experiments)
• Observation of electric field generation by rotating
and flowing liquid helium.
• Observation and discovering of the physical nature of
specific (fractional) Brownian motion in liquid
crystals.
• On the basis of the observations from the satellite
telescopes within the minimal extension of the SM
new restrictions are established for the masses of
particles – candidates for DM carriers.
• Discovering new unusual properties of surface
diffusion.
• Observation and justification of the defect
(dislocation) nature of supersolid state of Helium-4.
• Discovering of negative thermal expansion coefficient
of fullerites at low (about 10 K) temperatures.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• Well before the experimental discovery of graphene in
2004, a number of very important theoretical
predictions has been made regarding the peculiar and
unique properties of this novel two-dimensional
material, including metal-insulator phase transition.
Prediction of unconventional quantum Hall effect in
graphene. The discovery of the anomalous quantum
Hall effect unambiguously proved the Dirac nature of
quasiparticles in graphene (this result is cited by
A.Geim and K.Novoselov in their Nobel Lectures).
• Ellaborating the theory of phase transition of the I-st
kind.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• Theory of reheating of the universe after inflation. Its
specific feature consists in taking into account the
effect of parametric resonance, which turns out to be
critical for the estimates of the rate of creation of
bosons by the oscillating scalar field.
• A multidimensional theory of gravity and the
corresponding cosmological models based on the
concept of a braneworld describing the properties of
dark matter and dark energy.
• Derivation of explicit expression for the matrix
elements of the spin field operator. All n-point
correlation functions of the Ising and Potts models on
the two- dimensional lattice of arbitrary finite sizes are
found.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• Theoretical discovering of the spintronic properties of
non-magnetic helical molecules and helical structures.
• Kinetic theory adapted for a description of
electron/hole current through a single
molecule/molecular wire embedded in between the
electrodes. It has been found that a kinetic recharge of
molecule/molecular wire strongly control the tunnel
regime of charge transmission.
• A novel physical mechanism of transitions in flexible
molecular system is proposed to explain the
temperature-independent of the onset of desesitization
of P2X3 receptors in nerve cells as well as the
degradation of PER2 proteins in fibroblastes.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• The theory of interacting of the vortex state nanodots
with AC magnetic fields and spin-polarized electrical
currents is developed. The efficient methods of control of
polarity and chirality of vortex state nanodots are
proposed. That makes perspective the using of magnetic
vortices as memory elements.
• The approach for describing the conformational
mechanics of DNA double helix is developed, and
appropriate models of conformational vibrations and
structural transformation of DNA macromolecule are
proposed. The interpretation of low-frequency vibrational
spectra (<100cm-1) of polynucleotides and DNA is done.
The soliton mechanism of long-range action effects in
stressed DNA macromolecules is proposed and varified.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• Most important properties (spectra, degeneracies, etc.) of
various q-deformations of quantum harmonic oscillator,
their two- and multi-parametric generalizations have
been explored.
• Description of the properties of vacuum in the presence
of background fields with nontrivial topology. Vacuum
polarization effects in gauge theories. Establishing of the
relationship between the symmetry (including the
Lorentz one) breaking patterns in the fermion and boson
sectors.
• Application of the theory of the vacuum polarization by
singular background fields to study the influence of
topological defects in graphene on its electronic
properties.
Main recent achievements (theory)
• Description of Aharonov-Bohm effect in scattering of
nonrelativistic electrons by a penetrable magnetic
vortrex.
• Elaborating the generalized hydrodynamics theory of
liquids on the basis of original method of generalized
collective modes, which allows one within the framework
of unique formalism to study spectra of generalized
collective excitations, time correlation functions, as well
as wave-vector and frequency dependent transport
coefficients in dense liquids and mixtures.
• Consistent kinetic theory of dusty plasmas with regard to
absorption of plasma particles by grains.
• Description of the electro-mechanical properties of
nanotubes doped by fullerenes.
Ukrainian National Grid
40 clusters, ~4500 CPU,
~500 ТВ (HDD), ~500 TB (SE).
International
Educational
Grid.
Center is in JINR
AstroGrid-D
UN-SPIDER
Russian Grid
International Desktop
Grid Federation
Ukraine singed
MoU with
WLCG
(Worldwide
LHC
Computing
Grid)
on April 25 in
2006.
International cooperation of UNG
Recently the Ukrainian authorities
adopted the principal decision
concerning associate membership of
Ukraine in EU-program Horizon 2020.
It is expected that the Agreement will
be signed next January.
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU- infrastructure
ELI : Extreme Light Infrastructure
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Physics
Institute of Applied Physics
Institute of Physics for ELI Current state and achievements:
• Experience in the operation of a Femtosecond Laser Center for
collective use (http://www.iop.kiev.ua/center_collect.php). In
the case of accession to the European project, this experience
can be extended to foreign users - Femtosecond Laser Center
is almost ready to be included in European research
infrastructure;
• Experience with excimer lasers, available setups and supplies
to start work;
• Available hardware capabilities of optical diagnostics of
nanostructures: femto-nanosecond techniques "pump-probe"
optical Kerr shutter and other time-resolved methods, optical
spectroscopy over a wide spectral and temperature ranges,
pump-probe spectroscopy of induced absorption and
secondary emission, Z-scan method.
• A new approach to producing 2D periodic plasmon structures,
formed by “in situ” synthesized metal nanoparticles in polymer
matrix has been developed.
Institute of Physics for ELI Proposed projects:
1. Study of filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses (ultashort pulses in
gaseous and solid-state media and their interaction with transparent
and opaque materials using time-resolved microscopy methods, in
particular polarization microscopy, transient absorption microscopy,
and others).
2. Study of plasmonic enhancement of the local field of laser pulses
by metallic nanostructures (one of the objectives of the project ELI is
to study the interaction of radiation with matter at extremely high
intensity. Start work in this direction may be done before petawatt
lasers become operational. It can be done by focusing laser energy of
available gigawatt lasers in small volumes by local field enhancement
of surface plasmons on metal nanostructures).
3. Amplification of femtosecond pulses in the ultraviolet range using
excimer amplifiers (the idea is to use a wide range of excimer
amplification to amplify femtosecond pulses. Benefits of excimer
amplifiers: electric pump, scalability of power by increasing the size of
the camera, high quality of beam due to the optical homogeneity of the
active medium of gas).
Institute of Physics for ELI Proposed projects: 4. Laser control of dynamics of electronic excitations in structured
nanocomposite (the influence of high power femtosecond laser pulses
may substantially modify the nanocomposite by changing size and
shape of nanoparticles. Therefore it is interesting to study the impact
of femtosecond radiation on the dynamics of electronic excitations in
structured nanocomposite. As periodically ordered structures may be
used to control laser generation or to achieve coupling between light
wave and surface plasmons).
5. Study of using of the short and intense laser pulses in infektology,
oncology and photodynamic therapy (infektology: antimicrobial and
antibacterial influence of blue, violet and near-ultraviolet spectrum of
the laser radiationin a continuous and femtosecond regimes;
oncology: personalization of tumors of different localization based on
a study of the optical characteristics to find the wavelength of the
laser radiation, which leads to apoptosis, photodynamic therapy: the
use of two-photon absorption using femtosecond pulses to increase
the efficiency and the penetration depth of the radiation).
Institute of Applied Physics for ELI Current state and achievements:
Experience in theoretical description of strong pulse
laser fields with regard to the resonant effects
produced by generation of virtual particles that can
lead to coherent induced radiation and absorption of
laser field by electron/positron.
Proposed project: Resonant and coherent QED
effects in strong pulse laser field ( studies of QED
phenomena in the pulse laser field such as electron
scattering by nuclei and molecules, electro-positron
pair generation, spontaneous bremsstrahlung of
electron in the presence of nuclei, elaborating the
theory of resonant laser field enhancement).
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU-infrastructure
Graphene Flagship Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Physics
Institute of Metal Physics,
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical
Physics
Institute of Physics for Graphene Flagship Among the 11 directions of the project (http://graphene-
flagship.eu/?page_id=34) there are 2 packages, where we
expect fruitful cooperation:
Work Package 3: Fundamental Science of Graphene and
2D Materials Beyond Graphene;
Work Package 10: Nanocomposites.
Scientific achievements in the field of the project:
Research experience in the field of layered semiconductors
(PbI2),nanostructures of CdSe, CdS, ZnO of different dimensions, in
particular, atomically precise nanoplatelets , and nanocomposites;
know-how of production of 2D materials and other nanostructures;
available standard equipment and original set-ups for optical
diagnostics of nanomaterials; experience and technical capabilities
of quantum-chemical calculations of nanoobjects using the computer
cluster of the Institute and UNG infrastructure;
Institute of Physics for Graphene Flagship
Fundamental physics of 2D materials and nanocomposites by
experimental (optical methods) and theoretical (quantum
chemistry using grid) approaches, namely the following:
kinetics of electronic excitations (surface plasmons,
excitons);
new mechanisms of luminescence;
giant spin splitting;
local field enhancement of light-matter interaction;
nonlinear phenomena (inverse Raman scattering, cross-
phase modulation, filamentation etc);
design and development of production methods of 2D
materials and nanocomposites (femto- nanosecond laser
ablation in liquids, chemical synthesis).
Institute of Metal Physics for Graphene Flagship Current state and achievements:
possible ordered distributions of impurity atoms over sites or
interstices in graphene lattice are predicted and the ranges of
interatomic-interaction-energy values providing (low-temperature)
stability for the graphene-based substitutional and interstitial
superstructures are defined, the effects of correlation and ordering
in the spatial distribution of point (impurity atoms, vacancies) and
linear (atomic steps, grain boundaries, dislocations) defects in
graphene for their separate and simultaneous presence are studied.
Particularly, the ordering of point defects can open a band gap in
energy spectrum of graphene, enhance its conductivity up to
dozens (10–30) of times.
Within the theory of electron density functional ab initio
calculations are performed for: electron zones, phonon spectrum,
electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interaction in two-
dimensional allotropic form of carbon (graphene). A number of
unique physical properties of graphene are to be correctly
interpreted based on the exact information about the above
mentioned characteristics
Institute of Metal Physics for Graphene Flagship Proposed project: Configuration and size effects in electronic
transport within the graphene containing point and/or line defects
1) to ascertain statistical-thermodynamic and physical-kinetic
peculiarities of structure formation and physicochemical properties
of the graphene-based solid solutions, taking into account
interactions of impurity (ad)atoms and vacancies.
2) to study electronic structure and transport characteristics
graphene-based systems depending on (substitutional or interstitial)
type and kind of dopant atoms, their concentration and static lattice
distortions;
3) to perform quantum-statistical calculation (using a many-electron
operator representation of spinors) for the band-covalent structure of
graphene-based intercalation compounds and predict a role of the
covalent-bond fluctuations in the mass defect of the current carriers,
magnetoresistance, magnetostriction, and ‘catalyst–reagent’-type
‘solid-phase’ reaction;
4) to develop recommendations regarding the optimization of the
ways of implementation of obtained theoretical results; to explain
experimentally revealed phenomena.
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU-infrastructure
Life-time Prediction of Nanodevices
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Metal Physics Current state and achievements
The results of the study conducted by the researchers of the Kurdyumov
Institute for Metal Physics and National Scientific Centre `Kharkov
Institute for Physics and Technology` have allowed to develop the
conception about atomic mechanisms of the stability loss of nanocrystals
both three-dimensional and one-dimensional (carbyne), as well as to
propose the experimental methods to determine the strength of these
objects
Proposed project: Development of the strategy for life-time prediction
of the highly-effective new-generation emitters on the basis of one-
dimensional nanochains of carbon (carbyne).
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU-infrastructure
SKA: Square Kilometer Array
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Radio Astronomy Current state and achivements
Ukraine remains the world leader in the field of the low frequency radio
astronomy (in the decameter wavelength range – frequencies from 10 to
30 MHz). This leadership is based on the design, construction and
operation of the giant highly effective radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN,
and GURT elements (8 – 80 MHz) (GURT system is under construction
now). The whole effective area of these instruments is 0.3 square
kilometer. It is more than effective area of LOFAR and is close to that of
the coming SKA.
Institute of Radio Astronomy for SKA In the 2013 year report of the project ERA – NET,
contract no 262162 “Report on the status and
opportunities of the astronomical community in the East-
European countries” it is pointed out that “Countries with
facilities in the radio astronomy domain, such as Ukraine,
could consider joining the LOFAR consortium, building on
the existing expertise. Involvement in SKA would also be
a significant step for Ukraine”. The low frequency radio
astronomical research facilities of Ukraine (unique radio
telescopes and observatories with area of several
hectares), highly qualified scientific groups, and big
positive international cooperation experience will provide
further progress in joint investigation, education,
innovation, and reliable open access to local and
distributed resources.
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU-infrastructure
EISCAT – 3D
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Institute of Radio Astronomy Current state and achievements
Since 2007 the Institute of Radio Astronomy actively participates in
the world-largest organization investigating the geospace - the
European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT). Since
2009 Ukraine is affiliated with EISCAT as a associate member. The
principal scientific concept of the Program proposed by the
Ukrainian party gives the basis for the development of facilities for
HF and UHF 3D diagnostics of natural and artificially stimulated
ionospheric inhomogeneities in the Arctic Region.
Institute of Radio Astronomy for EISCAT-3D Participation in EISCAT makes it possible to solve the
following problems of geospace research:
1. Studying the formation mechanisms for a wide range of
natural and stimulated plasma fluctuations in aurora region
and mid-latitudes.
2. Investigating the transfer mechanisms for powerful
geospace disturbances top-down (from interplanetary space
and Sun) and bottom-up (from Earth’s surface and
troposphere).
3. Improving physical models of ionospheric disturbances
transfer from auroral to mid-latitude ionosphere.
4. Refining the models of dynamic wave interaction between
neutral and charged atmospheric gas components.
5. Studying the space distribution and intensity of global
thunderstorm activity, investigating its dependence versus
global climatic variations.
Opportunities for cooperation within
EU-infrastructure EuHIT: European High-performance
Infrastructures in Turbulence
Potential partners from the Ukrainian side:
Verkin Institute for Low Temperature
Physics Current state and achievements
A special place in the study of quantum turbulence in recent years is
occupied by a quartz tuning fork technique when the piezoelectric
properties of quartz make it possible to turn the mechanical vibrations in
the measured variable electrical signal. This provides an opportunity to
explore the generation and development of turbulence in a wide range of
forces that are applied, and the velocity fluctuations accurately. The
Institute has experience in the application of such methods in the studies
of turbulence.
Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics
for EuHIT Proposed project: Quantum turbulence in
superfluid systems. Clarification of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow
regime and study the properties of quantum turbulence in
superfluid solutions 3Ne-4Ne in a wide range of temperature,
pressure and concentration.
The study of the near-boundary layers of liquids and the
influence of roughness on the walls of the origin, evolution and
extinction of turbulence.
Identification of dissipative processes at different stages of
development of turbulence. Analysis of the contribution of viscos
dissipation and acoustic emission.
Feasibility study of turbulence suppression by the use of ultra-
light materials with anomalously high porosity
CONCLUSIONS
• Ukraine shares CEI vision of the Key-
priorities stated in the Agenda for 2014-2016;
• In some fields of physics Ukraine still ranks
among the countries with high level of
physical science. NASU has a human power
and research facilities to maintain the
appropriate level of physical studies.
• NASU is interested in extension of
international collaboration and participation
in EU-programs, in particular, the HORIZON-
2020.
CONCLUSIONS
• The Ukrainian physicists are interested to
join in forthcoming projects and consortiums
formed by the EU-partners.
• After getting associate membership of
Ukraine in the HORIZON-2020 the Ukrainian
physicists will be eligible to initiate the
creation of consortia coordinated by the
Ukrainian side in various fields of physics.
What help of CEI would be desirable
• Share the experience of scientific policy making;
• To extend application of CEI Instruments and
Cooperation Tools to Ukraine;
• To join efforts in promotion common priorities
and proposals to Horizon 2020;
• To take us on board in your future coming
consortiums, in particular those for Horizon
2020;
• In order to discover possibilities of mutually
beneficial cooperation it would be desirable to
continue discussion on the expert level.
The inscription on the board in Latin
“Locus Perennis Dilicentissime cum libella
librationis quae est in Austria et Hungaria
confecta cum mensura gradum meridionalium et
paralleloumierum Europeum… MDCCCLXXXVII…”
Scientists from the Vienna
Imperial-Royal Military
Geographical Institute
after careful study
identified the location of
the intended geographical
center of Europe, and in
1887 was established
historical mark
Ukraine is a Central European country
Thank you for your
attention