Fundamental Digital Electronics (Fall 2013)
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Fundamental Digital Electronics (Fall 2013) Martino Poggio
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Fundamental Digital Electronics (Fall 2013). Martino Poggio. Hard disk drive (HDD). Introduced by IBM in 1956 Dominant form of secondary storage Pros: capacity, price, performance Cons: size, durability. Hard disk drive (HDD). Hard disk drive (HDD). Hard disk drive (HDD). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Fundamental Digital Electronics (Fall 2013)
Fundamental Digital Electronics (Fall 2013)
Martino Poggio
2Fundamental Digital Electronics
Hard disk drive (HDD)
• Introduced by IBM in 1956• Dominant form of secondary storage• Pros: capacity, price, performance• Cons: size, durability
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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Hard disk drive (HDD)
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HDDs in the last 30 years
• Capacity: 3.75 MB 4 TB• Volume: refrigerator 20 mL• Weight: 910 kg 48 g• Density: 2 kbit/in2 600 Gbit/in2
• Price: 15k USD/MB 0.0001 USD/MB• Access time: 100 ms 3 ms
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Millipede Memory
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Millipede Memory: Concept
• Store bits as high density “divots” in a polymer film
• Use many nanoscopic cantilever tips in parallel to read and write
• Achieve stability of HDD and speed of DRAM…
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Millipede Memory: Read
• Read: probe tip heated to 300 C, and moved over data point; measure temperature of the canitlever; if there is a divot, heat will leak from the tip quickly; if not. heat will leak slowly.
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Millipede Memory: Write
• Write “1”: probe tip heated to 400 C (above glass transition) and pushed into the surface; tip pulled away after cooling.
• Write “0”: prove tip heated to 400 C and pushed into the surface; tip pulled away still hot, allowing surface tension to pull the surface flat.
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Millipede Memory
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Millipede Memory
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Millipede as of 2005
• Density: 800 Gbit/in2
• 64 x 64 cantilevers• Pit size: 10-20 nm
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Flash Memory (SSD)
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• Introduced by Toshiba ca. 1980• Growing form of secondary storage• Pros: size, durability (no moving parts!), power
consumption, speed• Cons: capacity, long-term reliability, price
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Flash Memory (SSD)
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Flash Memory (SSD)
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Flash Memory (SSD)
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• Memory wear: 1k – 1M cycles… and improving• Read disturb• Capacity: 256 GB in 2012…• Faster at reading than writing
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Flash Memory (SSD)
