Fund Flow Statement

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Fund Flow Statement Financial statements mainly include profit and loss account and balance sheet. Profit and loss account lists out all the expenses made by the firm and revenue earned over a period of time. Balance sheet depicts the financial position of the firm at a particular point of time. While fund flow statement is complimentary to both balance sheet and profit and loss account, it brings a clear idea about the movement of funds in and out of the firm, during a particular period of time. Meaning of Fund Flow The financial statement of the business indicate assets, liabilities and capital on a particular date and also the profit or loss during a period. But it is possible that there is enough profit in the business and the financial position is also good and still there may be deficiency of cash or of working capital in business. If the management wants to find out as to where the cash is being utilized, financial statement cannot help. Therefore, a statement is prepared of the sources and applications of funds from where Working Capital comes and it is utilized. This is called Fund Flow statement. Meaning of ‘Fund’ In a popular and generally accepted sense the term ‘fund’ is used to denote the excess of current assts over current liabilities : Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities

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Fund Flow Statement

Transcript of Fund Flow Statement

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Fund Flow Statement Financial statements mainly include profit and loss account and balance sheet. Profit and loss account lists out all the expenses made by the firm and revenue earned over a period of time. Balance sheet depicts the financial position of the firm at a particular point of time. While fund flow statement is complimentary to both balance sheet and profit and loss account, it brings a clear idea about the movement of funds in and out of the firm, during a particular period of time.

Meaning of Fund Flow

The  financial   statement  of   the  business   indicate  assets,   liabilities  and   capital  on  a  particular date and also the profit or loss during a period. But it is possible that there is enough profit in the business and the financial position is also good and still there may be deficiency of cash or of working capital in business. If the management wants to find out as to where the cash is being utilized, financial statement cannot help. Therefore, a statement is prepared of the sources and applications of funds from where Working Capital comes and it is utilized. This is called Fund Flow statement.

Meaning of ‘Fund’

In a popular and generally accepted sense the term ‘fund’ is used to denote the excess of current assts over current liabilities :

Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities

Meaning of ‘Flow’ of Fund

Flow of funds means transmigration (coming and going) of funds. In other words, Flow of funds means change in Working capital, as in funds flow statement the words ‘funds’ mean net working capital.

Hence Coleman  rightly states that, “The fund statement is statement summarizing the significant financial change which have occurred between the beginning and the end of a company’s accounting period.”

 

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The flow of fund if is represented by changes in working capital, then it can happen, only if  a   transaction  involves  changes on both current   item and non current   item.  Every transaction has double entry. Various cases can be that transaction involves 

Change on current assets and on fixed assets (cash purchase of fixed assets) o Cash being current item and fixed assets are non current

Change on current assets and on current assets (credit sale of inventory)o Debtors is a current item and inventory is also current in nature

Change on current assets and change on current liabilities (payment made to creditors)

o Cash is cuurent asset and creditor, current liability Change on current liabilities and change on current liabilities (short term loan 

taken to clear overdraft) Change on fixed assets and on fixed liabilities (sale of investments to redeem 

debentures) So, amongst all these combinations, transactions which involve change, on one hand on current item and on other hand on non current item, they would only lead to fund flow.E.g. * Sell investments in cash.

* Issue of shares* Raising long term loans, etc.

 Thus   fund   flow   statement   enumerates   various   sources   from  which   funds   come   in organization and various applications which lead to usage of funds. It is an important tool to check the efficiency of management in the firm. It can make future projections about working capital requirements and thus firm can arrange for those requirements and can allocate funds in a more efficient manner. Preparation of   fund flow statement   involves  preparation of  adjusted profit  and  loss account which is prepared by excluding the non fund and non operating items from the initial figure of net profit.

Different   Names   of   Fund-flow   Statement  *   A   Funds   Statement  *   A   statement   of   sources   and   uses   of   fund  *   A   statement   of   sources   and   application   of   fund  *   Where   got   and   where   gone   statement  * Inflow and outflow of fund statement 

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Objectives of Fund Flow Statement

The   main   purposes   of   Fund   Flow   Statement   are:  

1. To help to understand the changes in assets and asset sources which are not readily evident   in   the   income   statement   or   financial   statement.  2.   To   inform   as   to   how   the   cans   to   the   business   have   been   used.  3. To point out the financial strengths and weaknesses of the business

How to Prepare a Fund Flow Statement

Fund   flow   statements   are   prepared   by   taking   the   balance   sheets   for   two   dates representing the coverage period. The increases and decreases must then be calculated for each item. Finally, the changes are classified under four categories: (1) Long-term sources, (2) long-term uses, (3) short-term sources, (4) short-term uses.

It is also important to zero out the non-fund based adjustments in order to capture only the  changes   that  are  accompanies  by  flow of   funds.  However,   income accured  but received   and   expenses   incurred   but   not   received   reckoned   in   the   profit   and   loss statement should not be excluded from the profit figure for the fund flow statement.

Fund  flow  statements   can  be  used   to   identify   a   variety  of   problems   in   the  way  a company operates. For example, companies that are using short-term money to finance long-term  investments  may   run   into   liquidity  problems   in   the   future.  Meanwhile,  a company that is using long-term money to finance short-term investments may not be efficiently utilizing its capital.

Steps in Preparation of Fund Flow Statement :1) Preparation of schedule changes in working capital (taking current items only). 

2) Preparation of adjusted profit and loss account (to know fund from [or] fund lost in operations). 

3) Preparation of accounts for non-current items (Ascertain the hidden information). 

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4) Preparation of the fund flow statement.

Importance of funds flow statement:

Funds flow statement is an important analytical tool for external as well as internal uses of  financial  statements.  The users  of   funds flow statement can be  listed as  under   :

1. Managements of various companies are able to review cash budgets with the aid of funds flow statements. They are extensively used by the management in the evaluation of   alternative   finance   &   investments.   In   the   evaluation   of   alternative   finance   & investment  plans,   funds flow statement  helps   the mangement   in   the assessment of long-range   forecasts   of   cash   requirements   &   availability   of   liquid   resources.   The management   can   judge   the   quality   of   management   decisions.  

2. Investors are able to measure as how the company has utilized the funds supplied by them &  its  financial  strength with the aid of   funds statements.  They gauge can the company capacity to generate funds from operations. On the basis of comparative study of the past with the present, investors can locate & identify possible drains on funds in the   near   future.

3. Funds statement serve as effective tools to the management for economic analysis as it supplies additional  information, which cannot be provided by financial statements, based   on   historical   data.

4. Fund statement explains the relationship between changes in working capital & net profits.   Funds   statement   clearly   shows   the   quantum   of   funds   generated   from operations.

5.  Funds statement helps   in   the planning process  of  a  company.  They are useful   in assessing   the   resources   available   and   the   manner   of   utilization   of   resources.  

6.   Funds   statement  explains   the  financial   consequences  of   business   activities.   They provide explicit & clear awareness to questions regarding liquid & solvency positions of the company, distribution of dividend & whether the working capital has been effective or   otherwise.

7. Management of companies can forecast in advance the requirements of additional capital   &   can   plan   its   capital   issue   accordingly.  

8. Fund statement provide clues to the creditors & financial institutions as to the ability of a company to use funds effectively in the best interest of the investors, creditors & the   owners   of   the   company.

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9.   Funds   statement   indicates   the   adequacy   or   inadequacy   of   working   capital.

10. The information contained in fund flow statement is more reliable, dependable & consistent as it is prepared to include funds generated from operations & not net profit after   depreciation.

11.  Funds  flow statement  clearly   indicate  how profits  have  been   invested,  whether investments in fixed assets or inventories or ploughed back.