Fund Flow Statement
-
Upload
knt-nallasamy-gounder -
Category
Documents
-
view
49 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Fund Flow Statement
![Page 1: Fund Flow Statement](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081816/5455cf1bb1af9f6a768b49b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fund Flow Statement Financial statements mainly include profit and loss account and balance sheet. Profit and loss account lists out all the expenses made by the firm and revenue earned over a period of time. Balance sheet depicts the financial position of the firm at a particular point of time. While fund flow statement is complimentary to both balance sheet and profit and loss account, it brings a clear idea about the movement of funds in and out of the firm, during a particular period of time.
Meaning of Fund Flow
The financial statement of the business indicate assets, liabilities and capital on a particular date and also the profit or loss during a period. But it is possible that there is enough profit in the business and the financial position is also good and still there may be deficiency of cash or of working capital in business. If the management wants to find out as to where the cash is being utilized, financial statement cannot help. Therefore, a statement is prepared of the sources and applications of funds from where Working Capital comes and it is utilized. This is called Fund Flow statement.
Meaning of ‘Fund’
In a popular and generally accepted sense the term ‘fund’ is used to denote the excess of current assts over current liabilities :
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities
Meaning of ‘Flow’ of Fund
Flow of funds means transmigration (coming and going) of funds. In other words, Flow of funds means change in Working capital, as in funds flow statement the words ‘funds’ mean net working capital.
Hence Coleman rightly states that, “The fund statement is statement summarizing the significant financial change which have occurred between the beginning and the end of a company’s accounting period.”
![Page 2: Fund Flow Statement](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081816/5455cf1bb1af9f6a768b49b3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The flow of fund if is represented by changes in working capital, then it can happen, only if a transaction involves changes on both current item and non current item. Every transaction has double entry. Various cases can be that transaction involves
Change on current assets and on fixed assets (cash purchase of fixed assets) o Cash being current item and fixed assets are non current
Change on current assets and on current assets (credit sale of inventory)o Debtors is a current item and inventory is also current in nature
Change on current assets and change on current liabilities (payment made to creditors)
o Cash is cuurent asset and creditor, current liability Change on current liabilities and change on current liabilities (short term loan
taken to clear overdraft) Change on fixed assets and on fixed liabilities (sale of investments to redeem
debentures) So, amongst all these combinations, transactions which involve change, on one hand on current item and on other hand on non current item, they would only lead to fund flow.E.g. * Sell investments in cash.
* Issue of shares* Raising long term loans, etc.
Thus fund flow statement enumerates various sources from which funds come in organization and various applications which lead to usage of funds. It is an important tool to check the efficiency of management in the firm. It can make future projections about working capital requirements and thus firm can arrange for those requirements and can allocate funds in a more efficient manner. Preparation of fund flow statement involves preparation of adjusted profit and loss account which is prepared by excluding the non fund and non operating items from the initial figure of net profit.
Different Names of Fund-flow Statement * A Funds Statement * A statement of sources and uses of fund * A statement of sources and application of fund * Where got and where gone statement * Inflow and outflow of fund statement
![Page 3: Fund Flow Statement](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081816/5455cf1bb1af9f6a768b49b3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Objectives of Fund Flow Statement
The main purposes of Fund Flow Statement are:
1. To help to understand the changes in assets and asset sources which are not readily evident in the income statement or financial statement. 2. To inform as to how the cans to the business have been used. 3. To point out the financial strengths and weaknesses of the business
How to Prepare a Fund Flow Statement
Fund flow statements are prepared by taking the balance sheets for two dates representing the coverage period. The increases and decreases must then be calculated for each item. Finally, the changes are classified under four categories: (1) Long-term sources, (2) long-term uses, (3) short-term sources, (4) short-term uses.
It is also important to zero out the non-fund based adjustments in order to capture only the changes that are accompanies by flow of funds. However, income accured but received and expenses incurred but not received reckoned in the profit and loss statement should not be excluded from the profit figure for the fund flow statement.
Fund flow statements can be used to identify a variety of problems in the way a company operates. For example, companies that are using short-term money to finance long-term investments may run into liquidity problems in the future. Meanwhile, a company that is using long-term money to finance short-term investments may not be efficiently utilizing its capital.
Steps in Preparation of Fund Flow Statement :1) Preparation of schedule changes in working capital (taking current items only).
2) Preparation of adjusted profit and loss account (to know fund from [or] fund lost in operations).
3) Preparation of accounts for non-current items (Ascertain the hidden information).
![Page 4: Fund Flow Statement](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081816/5455cf1bb1af9f6a768b49b3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4) Preparation of the fund flow statement.
Importance of funds flow statement:
Funds flow statement is an important analytical tool for external as well as internal uses of financial statements. The users of funds flow statement can be listed as under :
1. Managements of various companies are able to review cash budgets with the aid of funds flow statements. They are extensively used by the management in the evaluation of alternative finance & investments. In the evaluation of alternative finance & investment plans, funds flow statement helps the mangement in the assessment of long-range forecasts of cash requirements & availability of liquid resources. The management can judge the quality of management decisions.
2. Investors are able to measure as how the company has utilized the funds supplied by them & its financial strength with the aid of funds statements. They gauge can the company capacity to generate funds from operations. On the basis of comparative study of the past with the present, investors can locate & identify possible drains on funds in the near future.
3. Funds statement serve as effective tools to the management for economic analysis as it supplies additional information, which cannot be provided by financial statements, based on historical data.
4. Fund statement explains the relationship between changes in working capital & net profits. Funds statement clearly shows the quantum of funds generated from operations.
5. Funds statement helps in the planning process of a company. They are useful in assessing the resources available and the manner of utilization of resources.
6. Funds statement explains the financial consequences of business activities. They provide explicit & clear awareness to questions regarding liquid & solvency positions of the company, distribution of dividend & whether the working capital has been effective or otherwise.
7. Management of companies can forecast in advance the requirements of additional capital & can plan its capital issue accordingly.
8. Fund statement provide clues to the creditors & financial institutions as to the ability of a company to use funds effectively in the best interest of the investors, creditors & the owners of the company.
![Page 5: Fund Flow Statement](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081816/5455cf1bb1af9f6a768b49b3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
9. Funds statement indicates the adequacy or inadequacy of working capital.
10. The information contained in fund flow statement is more reliable, dependable & consistent as it is prepared to include funds generated from operations & not net profit after depreciation.
11. Funds flow statement clearly indicate how profits have been invested, whether investments in fixed assets or inventories or ploughed back.