Functions and principles of school administration

Functions and Principles of School Administration

DENNIS MARK A. DELA CRUZ

School Administration is…

in an educational setting

Planning, organizing,directing,

and controlling

human or material resources

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Planning of school programs and activities

2. Directing school work and formulating and executing educational policies

3. Coordinating administrative and supervisory activities

4. Providing the necessary leadership.

5. Evaluating the teaching personnel and school program

6. Keeping records and reporting results

SCOPE OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

1. ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOL PERSONNEL-includes all policies, activities and practices of the administration and staff designed to increase the effectiveness of teaching personnel.

2. SCHOOL FINANCE AND BUDGET MANAGEMENT-includes the financing of the school system, the sources of funds and the estimated expenditures.


3. SCHOOL PLANT MANAGEMENT-These resources cover the planning and organization of school facilities and buildings to ensure that the school environment is safe, stimulating and effectively managed.

4. CURRICULUM ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT-includes the process of selecting curriculum elements from the subject, the current social life and the students' experience, then designing the selected curriculum elements appropriately so that they can form the curriculum structure and type


5. GUIDANCE AND DISCIPLINE- includes the system of rules, punishments and behavioral strategies appropriate to the regulation of children and the maintenance of order in schools. Its aim is to control the students actions and behavior.

6. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RELATION-The Phil. Education Act of 1982 described educational community as those persons or group of persons who are associated in the institutions involved in organized teaching and learning system.


6. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RELATIONMembers and elements of educational community:

1.Parents or guardians or the head of the institution2.Students 3.Pupils4.School Personnel

a. Teaching or academic staffb. School administratorsc. Academic non-teaching personneld. Non-academic personnel

5.School institutions


7. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

8. EVALUATING RESULTS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

- includes organized school-based educational activities aimed at attaining specific learning objectives for a particular clientele, especially the illiterate adults and out-of-school youths.

- includes evaluation of desirable school and teaching personnel performance as outcomes of policies, activities and practices of administration and staff.

What is Supervision?

What is Supervisión? Supervision of any school ordinarily refers to

the ___________________ of the TOTAL TEACHING AND LEARNING SITUATION and the _________________ that affect them.

IMPROVEMENT

CONDITIONS

• It is a __________________________________ to improve instruction by working with the people who are working with the students/pupils.

SOCIALIZED FUNCTION DESIGN

•Supervision can also be defined in terms of _________________ and __________________ for which it shall be used as:

FUNCTION PURPOSES

A) SKILLS IN LEADERSHIP

B) SKILLS IN HUMAN RELATIONC) SKILLS IN GROUP PROCESS

D) SKILLS IN PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION

E) SKILLS IN EVALUATION

SCOPE OF SCHOOL SUPERVISION

1. INSPECTION

This is actually a study of :

school conditions,

to discover problems or defects of the:

students,

teachers,

equipment,

school curriculum,

objectives,

methods.

SCOPE OF SCHOOL SUPERVISIONThis could be done via:

actual observation,

educational tests,

questionnaires

checklists.

conference,


2. RESEARCH

-to remedy the weaknesses of the solution to solve problems discovered.

The supervisor should conduct research to discover means, methods and procedure fundamental to the success of supervision. The solutions discovered are then passed on the teachers.


3. TRAINING

-acquainting teachers with solutions discovered in research through training.

Training may be in the form of: demonstration teaching,

workshops,

seminars,

classroom observations,

individual or group conferences,

intervisitation,

professional classes

use of bulletin board and circulars

writing suggestions in BPS Form 178.


4. GUIDANCE-involved personal help given by someone.

It is the function of supervision to:

and devices.

stimulate, direct, guide encouragethe teachers to apply

instructional procedures, techniques,principles


5. EVALUATION

-appraises the outcomes and the factors conditioning the outcomes of instructions and to improve the products and processes of instructions.


selecting and organizing materials for instructions;

performing semi-administrative duties.

survey of the school system;improvement of classroom teaching;in-service education of teachers;

researching the problems of teaching;determining the desirable physical condition of teaching

ACTIVITIES OF SUPERVISION

INTERRELATION OF ADMINISTRATION & SUPERVISION

Administration Supervision

-represents the whole of the education system

- represents a portion of it in terms of improving the total teaching-learning situation.

-emphasizes authority -service

-favorable condition essential to good teaching and learning; (provides)

- carries out the better operation and improving it (operates)

- decides, directs and orders the execution of educational program; (directs)

- assists, advises, guides and leads the operation and improving the program (serves)

Types of School Supervision

Laissez-faire typeThis type of supervision

utilizes inspectorial supervisory methods unaided by any objective control, in which the teachers are observed, but nothing is done to help them improve the work they are doing. In other words. The teachers are left free; they are not to be imposed upon or directed.


Coercive typeThis type of supervision is

the opposite of the laissez-faire. The supervisor visits the teachers in order to observe them. The teachers acquired ready-made-procedure or standard prescribed by the supervisors.


Training and Guidance typeThis type of supervision

emphasizes the improvements of teachers as well as her technique through direction, training and guidance.

Types of School SupervisionDemocratic leadership type

It consists of the teacher’s cooperation in the formulation of policies, plans and procedures. Supervisor observes teacher inside the classroom setting with the aim of improving the teaching-learning situation via cooperation process or group action. The teachers, supervisors and administrators are regarded as co-workers in a common task.

Basis of Administrative and Supervisory PrinciplePrinciple is an accepted fundamental truth.

It can be a law, a doctrine. A policy or deep seated belief which governs the conduct of various types of human endeavors. In administration and supervision, principles becomes part of a philosophy which serves to determine and evaluate his educational objectives, attitudes, practices and outcomes.

General Principles of Administration and SupervisionSchool administration and

supervision…1. must be democratic … is recognizing individual

differences, respect personality and extend consideration to all;

2. must be cooperative in character … in that cooperation is synonymous to group action;

3. to be effective … must be scientific, that is, research oriented activity to discover solution to problem;

4. must be based on accepted educational philosophy;

General Principles of Administration and Supervision

School administration and supervision…5. must be creative … means initiating, devising, inventing or

producing something new;6. must be evaluated in the light of results;7. must be preventive and constructive … that is helping teachers

to avoid committing mistakes, anticipating difficulties, building self confidence, by discovering their own weaknesses;

8. must be centered on child growth and development … in terms of growth mentally, physically, morally, emotionally and socially; and

9. must be flexible … in terms of school building, curriculum, teaching objectives and procedures, instructional material and devices, school requirements and standard norms.

‘The walls of the world expand, the scope of our possibilities opens and widens for the duration of the stanza. We go beyond our normal cognitive bounds and sense a new element where we are not alien but liberated, more alive to ourselves, more drawn out, more educated.’ (S Heaney 1983)

References/Bibliography1. www.openuni-clsu.edu.ph/

openfiles/modules/ed852/Week12.doc.Retrieved: July 17, 2015

2.http://www.slideshare.net/tootsy_roll2003/report-9780999Retrieved: July 17, 2015

Functions and principles of school administration

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