FUNCTIONALISM

GUIDED BY;

PROF. J. DESHMUKH

Presented BY;

NIKITA SAHUJI

VISHAKHA THOLE

VIREN TAWDE

WHAT IS FUNCTIONALISM ?

FUNCTIONALISM IS DESIGNING

ACCORDING TO FUNCTION OF

THE BUILDING

HOW DID IT COME TO PICTURE ?

Can be traced back to Vitruvian theory of Utilitarian architecture.

Idea by Louis Sullvian and practisced by Le corbusier widely.

Associated with the modern style of architecture

LOUIS SULLIVAN LE CORBUSIER LE CORBUSIER

WHAT ARE FEATURES OF FUNCTIONALISM ?

Low levels of ornamentation and extraneous decoration.

Prominent display of raw materials.

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION ie; function comes first, The apperance and shape is of secondary concern.

What is the function of an auditorium ?

Good acoustics Proper line of vision Comfortable seatings

What gives a form to an auditorium ?

Shape and volume Elevational treatment Form and use of material

the pioneers

“It is the pervading law of all things… that form ever follows function”

-Louis Sullivan (1896)

Louis Sullivan, Guaranty Building, Buffalo, New York, 1896

Bauhaus functionalism

German Institution established for rational social housing for the workers after world war 1 by WALTER GROUPIUS

Rejected Bourgeois details like eaves, cornices and decorative elements.

Used principles of Classical Architecture in its purest form without any ornamentation

The design includes three wings divided by function (workshops, school, and administration) and features a glass curtain wall accentuated by a steel frame.

Walter Gropius New School building, Weimar, 1926

the pioneers

“The house is a machine for living in”

-Le Corbusier

Le Corbusier, Unite d’Habitation, Marseilles, France, 1947-53

The separation and visual distinctiveness of public spaces from the private apartments

Colour is the only ornament.

The stacking and interlocking of individual apartments (like bottles in a rack)

The modular design and proportions

The 27 varieties of apartments

The ventilation, and grid planning.

The views out to trees, parkland, sea, mountains

Le Corbusier’s Unite

d’Habitation, Marseilles, France, 1947-53

Functionalist features

the pioneers

Mies van der Rohe, Seagram

Building, New York, 1956-9

Who ever regrets that the house of the future can no longer be constructed by craftsmen should bare in mind that the motorcar is no longer built by the wheelwright”

-Mies van der Rohe

BARCELONA PAVILION,1929:

Aim was to develop a free flowing space and use least components and that is done by using walls as planes.

Function of an exhibition space is satisfied to extreme level.

Properly managed the play of lightened and dark spaces

Use of stone and glass.

Served as a exhibition space for a long time , now considered as heritage space.

Lotus temple, delhi,1986:

It is a Bahai House of Worship of an impression of half open lotus.

Justifies concept of function of FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION.

Serves as a Mother Temple to indian subcontinent.

The building is composed of 27 free-standing marble-clad "petals" arranged in clusters of three to form nine sides,[2] with nine doors opening onto a central hall .

Brutalism

Celebrating concrete

(1950’s to 1970’s)

What is brutalism ?

HOW DID IT COME TO PICTURE ?

Coined by British architects Peter Smithson and Alison

Brutalism probably came from the prominent Modernist architect Le Corbusier and his project for Unité d’Habitation in 1952.

Brutalism became popular with governmental and institutional clients, with numerous examples in English-speaking countries.

Modern architecture came to Britain quite late, and it was then soon “replaced by Brutalism”.

What are features of functionalism ?

Strong and bold geometric shapes

Use of reinforced Concrete

Diagonal ,sloping and strongly curved elements with massive horizontal and vertical members.

Using purest form of brick, concrete, glass, etc.

Ronchamp Chappel ,France

Concert Hall, Japan

National Theatre, London

UCSD Library, California

the pioneers:

Le Corbusier across the world. Louis kahn’s Asian office buildings. Paul Rudolf in America. Modern Architect Tadao Ando in Brazil Charles Correa in India.

Le Corbusier’s Boston city hall , 1969:

Boston City Hall is consists of the offices

of the Mayor of Boston and the Boston City

Council.

Designed by the precedents of Le

Corbusier, Gerhard Kallmann, Michael

McKinnell.

brutalist features:

Sculptural use of raw concrete. Heavy massy structure. Use of slender base support Maintaining the geometry formed by RCC members Pure geometrical forms clad with sleek curtain walls Articulated structure expressing the internal functions in rugged, cantilevered concrete forms.

Yale school of architecture, USA,1958 to 1965:

Paul Rudolf’s Modern Brutal building.

A seven storeyed building consisting studios, exhibitions, lab, halls, etc

Interesting combination of terraces on each level.

The great revelation is the way the muscularity of the exterior is used to disguise the lightness of the interiors.

Yale school of architecture, USA,1958 to 1965:

Fortress like building giving a massy look. Textured with Concrete and layered with steel framed glazing glass. Intersecting volume of bulky concrete. Concrete and glass supported by series of columns giving look of turrets. Play of light and shadow.

Charles Correa’s Ramkrishna House, 1962–1964

A large brick concrete residence in ahemdabad in 1962 made for a mill owner

Vernacular architecture consists of two asymmetric brick “sails”, which are connected by a body of exposed concrete.

The simple profile of the front collides with the complex back side which consists of a combination of geometric brick and concrete volumes.