Functional Textiles Key To A New

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中國紡織工業研究中心中國紡織工業研究中心財團財團法人法人CHINA TEXTILE INSTITUTE

"Functional textiles -- key to a new

era for Asian textile industries"

Dr. Chi-Chung BaiVice President

China Textile Institute

Taiwan, R.O.C.

December, 2002

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Content

1. Trend of global textile industry development

2. Trend of functional textile technology and

market development

3. Applying function to functional textiles

4. Trend of functional textile technology

development shown in patent map5. Challenges to functional textiles6. Conclusion


Trend of global textile industry development

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Leading exporters of textiles, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world Value exports/imports Annual percentage change 2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

China 16.14 4.6 6.9 10.2 8 -7 2 24 Hong Kong, China 13.44 - - - 5 -11 -6 10

Korea, Rep. of 12.78 4.0 5.8 8.1 8 -15 3 10 Italy 11.96 7.6 9.1 7.6 2 1 -8 0

Taipei, Chinese 11.69 3.2 5.9 7.4 7 -13 -2 7

Germany 11.02 11.4 13.5 7.0 -2 3 -10 -10 United States 10.96 6.8 4.8 7.0 8 0 3 15

Japan 7.02 9.3 5.6 4.5 2 -12 10 6 France 6.76 6.2 5.8 4.3 1 5 -7 -4 Belgium 6.40 - - 4.1 - - - -4

India 5.09 2.1 2.1 3.4 10 -13 12 … Pakistan 4.53 1.6 2.6 2.9 5 -7 -1 6

United Kingdom 4.21 5.7 4.2 2.7 0 -3 -17 -6 Turkey 3.67 0.6 1.4 2.3 10 6 -2 6

Indonesia 3.51 0.1 1.2 2.2 11 5 28 16

Above 15 116.90 71.0 76.7 74.5 - - - -

Source:www.wto.org

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Leading exporters of clothing, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world Value exports/imports Annual percentage change 2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

China 36.07 4.0 9.0 18.1 14 -6 0 20 Hong Kong, China 24.22 - - - 5 -4 1 8

Italy 13.22 11.3 11.0 6.6 1 -1 -7 -3 Mexico 8.70 0.0 0.5 4.4 31 17 18 12

United States 8.65 3.1 2.4 4.3 13 1 -6 5

Germany 6.84 7.1 7.3 3.4 -1 7 -3 -12 Turkey 6.53 0.3 3.1 3.3 7 5 -8 0 France 5.43 5.7 4.3 2.7 2 8 -1 -5 India 5.15 1.5 2.3 2.8 8 10 8 …

Korea, Rep. of 5.03 7.3 7.3 2.5 -4 11 5 3

Indonesia 4.73 0.2 1.5 2.4 11 -9 47 23 United Kingdom 4.11 4.6 2.8 2.1 3 -7 -9 -8

Thailand 3.95 0.7 2.6 2.0 3 -4 -2 14 Belgium 3.94 - - 2.0 - - - -4

Taipei, Chinese 2.97 6.0 3.7 1.5 -3 -6 -10 4

Above 15 125.24 65.6 68.2 63.1 - - - -

Source:www.wto.org

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Leading importers of textiles, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in worldValue exports/imports Annual percentage change2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

United States 15.71 4.5 6.2 9.4 9 8 6 10Hong Kong, China 13.72 - - - 3 -17 -7 9

China 12.83 1.9 4.9 7.7 9 -10 0 16Germany 9.32 12.1 11.0 5.6 -2 8 -10 -11

United Kingdom 6.91 6.3 6.5 4.1 0 -2 -11 -7

France 6.75 7.2 7.0 4.0 -1 8 -8 -2Italy 6.12 4.6 5.7 3.7 0 3 -9 2

Mexico 6.10 0.2 0.9 3.6 20 20 41 26Japan 4.94 2.9 3.8 2.9 2 -25 4 9

Canada 4.13 2.3 2.2 2.5 6 4 -1 3

Belgium 3.63 - - 2.2 - - - -4Spain 3.32 0.6 1.9 2.0 5 12 -2 -4

Korea, Rep. of 3.00 0.7 1.8 1.9 5 -38 35 …Netherlands 2.64 4.0 3.4 1.6 -3 -24 -4 -6

Poland 2.43 0.5 0.2 1.5 26 14 -7 -4

Above 15 89.27 55.4 62.6 53.4 - - - -

Source:www.wto.org

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Leading importers of clothing, 2000(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in worldValue exports/imports Annual percentage change2000 1980 1990 2000 1990-00 1998 1999 2000

United States 66.39 16.4 24.1 31.6 9 11 6 13Japan 19.71 3.6 7.8 9.4 8 -12 11 20

Germany 19.31 19.7 18.2 9.2 -1 1 -7 -10Hong Kong, China 16.01 - - - 9 -5 3 8United Kingdom 12.99 6.8 6.2 6.2 6 7 5 4

France 11.48 6.2 7.5 5.5 3 8 -1 -1Italy 6.07 1.9 2.3 2.9 9 10 2 2

Netherlands 4.83 6.8 4.3 2.3 0 -11 1 -9Belgium 4.81 - - 2.3 - - - -4Spain 3.77 0.4 1.5 1.8 9 7 15 2

Canada 3.69 1.7 2.1 1.8 4 8 0 12Mexico 3.41 0.3 0.5 1.6 20 12 -3 -6

Switzerland 3.22 3.4 3.1 1.5 -1 4 -3 -5Russian Fed. 2.96 - - 1.4 - -13 -28 29

Austria 2.47 2.2 2.1 1.2 1 2 -6 -12

Above 15 166.83 74.5 83.3 79.4 - - - -

Source:www.wto.org

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Labour cost comparisons in the textile industry2000

Source: World Markets for Spun Yarns: Forecasts to 2010, from Werner data

JapanDenmark

SwitzerlandBelgium

NetherlandsGermany

NorwaySwedenAustria

ItalyCanada

USAFinlandFrance

UKAustralia

IrelandSpainIsrael

New ZealandGreeceTaiwan

MaltaHong Kong

ArgentinaSouth Korea

PortugalUruguay

BrazilVenezuela

TurkeyHungary

PolandMexico

Czech RepublicColombiaMorocco

South AfricaPeru

TunisiaSlovakiaEstonia

MauritiusThailandMalaysia

PhilippinesNigeria

EgyptChinaIndia

Sri LankaBangladesh

VietnamPakistan

MadagascarIndonesia

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

26.122.322.2

19.619.5

18.118.0

17.015.8

14.714.314.214.1

13.912.7

10.910.3

8.37.47.37.27.2

6.66.15.9

5.34.3

3.63.2

2.82.72.6

2.42.2

2.01.91.91.81.71.71.61.51.5

1.21.11.11.01.0

0.70.60.50.40.40.40.40.3

US$/hour

Source:2001 IAF Seminar

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Consumption of textiles and clothingby selected region, 1980-2005

Note: self-sufficiency = mill fibre consumption as a percentage of final consumptionSource: Textile Outlook International

USA China European Union Japan0

2

4

6

8

10

12

4.8

3.9

5.5

2.0

7.9

6.8 7.1

2.8

9.6

8.78.3

3.4

mn tons

1980 1995 2005


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Self-sufficiency in final textile consumption1980 and 2005

Note: self-sufficiency = mill fibre consumption as a percentage of final consumptionSource: Textile Outlook International

USAEU15

JapanEastern Europe

Former USSRChina

East and SE AsiaSouth Asia

0

50

100

150

200

250

9885

111 118

92

121

160

126

66

47 52

118

82

150

190175

(%)

1980 2005



1125

30

35

40

Gap between Capacity and Demand will be 8.2 million tons in 2005

ConsumptionConsumption31.631.6

ConsumptionConsumption31.631.6

Supply/Demand of Synthetic FibersSupply/Demand of Synthetic Fibers

million tonsmillion tons

Over CapacityOver Capacity

8.2 8.2 mill.mill.8.2 8.2 mill.mill.

ProductionProduction　　 33.333.3

ProductionProduction　　 33.333.3

CapacityCapacity39.839.8

CapacityCapacity39.839.8 Over　Over　

SupplySupply1.71.7milmilll..1.71.7milmilll..

6.5 6.5 mill.mill.6.5 6.5 mill.mill.Idle CapacityIdle Capacity

Source:World Synthetic Fiber Seminar,2002

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Demand and supply imbalancedAsia is the major textile products and garment exporting area

Multidirectional development of textile market

Heavy competing in textile product market

Present status of global textile market

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Great impact is expected in global textile trade as China Great impact is expected in global textile trade as China enters WTO enters WTO 。。

Lower tariff, non tariff barrier such as importing Lower tariff, non tariff barrier such as importing limitation could be lifted limitation could be lifted 。。

Free trade of textile product in 2005Free trade of textile product in 2005。。 Quota system will be lifted gradually, and finally Quota system will be lifted gradually, and finally

reaches total free tradereaches total free trade。。 The non price related competing such as quality, design The non price related competing such as quality, design

and marketing is becoming more and more fierce in global and marketing is becoming more and more fierce in global textiletextile

Speed up the reorganization of international collaboration Speed up the reorganization of international collaboration structure in textile industrystructure in textile industry。。

The high production cost in developed countries and the The high production cost in developed countries and the generalization of technology force them to move toward generalization of technology force them to move toward high-tech and high value added producthigh-tech and high value added product

The developing countries take advantage of low production The developing countries take advantage of low production cost, and through collaboration in process to expand cost, and through collaboration in process to expand their exports. It estimated that developing countries their exports. It estimated that developing countries will account 80% of world textile production after 2000will account 80% of world textile production after 2000。。

From fashion oriented R/D to function oriented R/D ; From apparel oriented R&D to non-apparel oriented R&D

Trend of global textile Trend of global textile industryindustry


country Focusing items

USA ‧use bio-tech to develop new fiber‧new fiber processing technology－ high speed、 stable‧High functional fiber material R/D and innovation

Japan ‧Singosei material-HybridizedHybridized‧Composite functional fiber material ， technical textile

Germany ‧Emphasizing on speed, safety, quality and network high-tech textile machinery/integrating functional textile‧High-tech textile design and manufacturing technology

France、Italy

‧Develop fashion design for small and proper amount production－ focusing on design and brand image;delicate processing technology‧High-tech textile machinery

Development focus of textile industry in developed countries

Source:CTI R&D program

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Matrix structure of Japanese comfort material

Three new appeals for textile product

Light weight

Medical application sensitivity

Wicking

Composite function

Soil resistance

De-odor

Thermo insulation

Anti bacteria

Elasticity

Thermal resistance

resistant

Anti static

Health Safety

Comfort

＋＋Environmental friendly

Basic function

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The developing focus of each European country is as follows:Italy and France are focusing on innovation; emphasizing high quality and superior brand image; Germany and Switzerland are focusing on high-tech technical textile and textile equipments. Besides, every country pays attention on environmental friendly textile, clothing science （ i.e. establishes new evaluation system or new standard ）… etc, and emphasizes on high value added product or personalized product.

The recent research focus of textile technology lay in the application of nano technology in textile, the application of biotech in textile, high-tech integrated smart wear (wearable motherboard), application of PCM, smart textiles, …etc 。

R&D trend of textile industry in developed R&D trend of textile industry in developed countries countries －－

Developing focus of EUDeveloping focus of EU

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TIFE 2002,Textile International Forum and Exhibition 2002,

November 4~6,2002

Asia Role…

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11/04/2002 ~ 11/06/2002 TIFE AgendaKeyNote Speech Special Topic Speech “Management of Japanese Textile Industry,Mr. Hiro

yuki Iimuro

Theme - Strategy • Development and Investment Strategy of Vietnam Textile Industry in 2000- 2010 Period,

Ministry of industry of Vietnam,Senior Official of Planning and Investment Department,Ms. Nguyen Thu Ngan 【 Vietnam 】

• The Strategy of Korean Textile Industry -- The Vision and Strategy of Textile and Fashion Industry, Advisor to Mayor of Daegu city for textile policy,Mr. Hyun-Woo Moon 【 Korea 】

• Development Strategy Of Mainland China Textile & Apparel Industry,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Dr. Zhi-Ming Zhang 【 Hong Kong 】

• Investment Strategy of Thailand Textile Industry,Secretary-general e of Thailand Board of Investment,Mr. Somphong Wanapha 【 Thailand 】

• Investment Strategy Of Malaysian Textile Industry,Malaysia Industrial Development Authority,Director of Textile and Mineral Industry Division,Mr. P.Kalaiyappan 【 Malaysia 】

• Development Strategy of Indonesian Textile Industry to Face Global Market,Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT),Director for Directorate of Textile Industry,Ms. Luky Hartini 【 Indonesia 】

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11/04/2002 ~ 11/06/2002 TIFE Agenda

Theme - Technology

• Development and Plan of Nano Technology of National Project in Japan,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Professor Takeshi Kikutani 【 Japan 】

• Controllable Technology of Size, Structure, and Shape of Nano-Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Professor Fang-Qiong Tang 【 China 】

• Technology and Latest Marketing of Functional Fibers,Hiroshima University,Professor Michikage Matsui 【 Japan 】

• The Technology and Marketing of Technical Textiles in Korea,Yeungnam University ,Professor Seung Jin Kim 【 Korea 】

• Marketing Trend and R&D of Eco-Textile Technology,Ohtsuma Women’s University,Professor Kanji Kajiwara,Technical Adviser of Teijin Fibers Ltd.,Nobuya Okumura 【 Japan 】

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11/04/2002 ~ 11/06/2002 TIFE AgendaForumMain TopicCreate the technology interchanging mechanism to enhance the competing advantage of Asian textiles in the global market. Issue One Establish an electronic data interchanging system to promote regional cooperation as well as to create potential marketing through information sharing. Conclusion of Issue One 1.Invite all TIFE forum speakers to be website consultants.2.Initially, TIFE Executive Committee will invite all speakers to recommend textile related websites in Asia so that website communication and information sharing could be achieved.3.To continue the communication of textile technology, TIFE Executive Committee will configure an original prototype of the website (www.tife.org) and focus on constructing an information platform for technologies, markets and products.

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11/04/2002 ~ 11/06/2002 TIFE AgendaIssue Two

Through close cooperation of textile-related organization to enhance the technology exchanging of nanotextiles, advocate green design and clean production, and propel certification system for technical and green textiles.

Conclusion of Issue Two

1.Strengthen the establishment and communication of the inspection technologies and standards for the technical and green textiles

2.TIFE seminars and forums shall focus on nanotextiles, green textiles, and the

certification of functional and technical textiles in the coming 3-5 years

3.Urge Asian governments and their related affiliation to pay attention to the R&D and legislation of nanotechnolgy, green design and clean production.

4.Promote the interaction between the TIFE and relevant affiliation in Asia, so that Asian textile R&D alliances could be established based on current basis. It is hoped that this action could provide R&D innovation and new products to enhance the competitive ability of Asia textile products in international market.


Trend of Functional Trend of Functional textile technology textile technology

and market and market developmentdevelopment

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中國紡織工業研究中心中國紡織工業研究中心財團財團法人法人CHINA TEXTILE INSTITUTEPresent status of functional Present status of functional

textile markettextile marketFunctional characteristics

Cortical technology company

Room for function improve

Market scale

Thermal insulation／comfort

Thermal regulation

PCM technology Heat generating

technology

Outlast Mitui－Masonic Lenzing－Modal Courtaulds－Viloft

medium

Humidity／sweating management

Textile structure design Hydrophobia of layer

next to skin

DuPont-Tactel Aquator

Mitui－Watermagic Toray－Fieldsensor

low

water vapor permeation, water proof, wind proof

New coating tech of fabrics

Membrane technology

Toray－H2O Out Akzo Nobel

low

protection、safety

Anti bacteria Anti-UV

Microban Mitui－Livefresh

high

Function enhancement

Muscle control Wind proof／slip resistance

DuPont-Lycra

high

Swimming suit

Drag reduction Muscle control Chlorine resistance

Speedo Lycra PBT

medium

Shoe material：light weight’

comfort、supportive

Air soles、water vapor permeation

Nike、Adidas Gore-Tex

low

Sport and leisure market scale reaches 520billion US dollar；among themwater vapor permeation,water proof, water repellence textile account for about 140 billion dollar; water vapor absorptive and sweat expellant textiles accounts240 billion US dollar;elastic textile account for about 88billion US dollar

Product value of medical protection textile is about 1000 billion us dollar



Applying function to functional textiles

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Comfort function Basic function sensitivity、

appearance clean、health

Safety function

New function

Monofilament strength

luster Heat retain 抗菌防臭 Water proof High

strength

延伸性艷度 cool 抑菌 Water repellant 高彈性率

Dimension Stability

trasnsparency

Sweat expelling 消臭 Stain proof 橡膠彈性

比重 Heatproof Light weight Anti funga retardant 超耐熱

Melting point Light proof soft Bug proof Melting proof

Heat proof

absorption Weather

proof Hardness 抗過敏性耐摩耗水溶性

染色性帶電防止 colorness UV cut 電磁波遮蔽生分解性

耐藥品性深色化熱輻射遮蔽流行性防起毛球防縮

Functional classification of functional textiles

source: New sensory and new functional fiber,TCR ， 1996

Comfort function Basic function sensitivity、

appearance clean、health

Safety function

New function

Monofilament strength

luster Heat retain Anti

bacteria & stink

Water proof High

strength

Extension shininess Cool Bacteria restraint

Water repellant

High resilience

Dimension Stability

transparency

Sweat expelling

Stink expelling

Stain proof rubber

resilience

density Heatproof Light weight Anti fungi retardant Ultra anti

heat

Melting point Light proof softness Bug proof Melting proof

Heat proof

absorption Weather

proof hardness Anti allergy Anti erosion

Water solution

dyeability insulation colorfulness UV cut EMS Biology

dissolution

Anti drugs thick

colorfulness

Heat radiation

shield

fashion Anti peeling

Anti

shrinkage

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Functional application of functional textiles for garment materials

Source: CTI R&D program,1996

Feature Function

water Water absorption, water retaining, wetness absorption, water repellent, anti stain

Fire Retardant, no combustion, anti fire, anti heat

Heat Heat retain, heat cut, heat generation, heat out, anti melting, adherence

Electricity Anti, inherent or inductive Electricity Mechanics High strength, high resilience, rubber resilience

biology Anti bacteria, anti stink, stink reduction, aroma, anti bug

General apparel

Chemistry & others

Swell reduction, solution, dissolution, automatic shrinkage, potential shrinkage, separation, fiber opening

durableness Durable to light, weather, heat, drugs, erosion Ultra high

performance Ultra High strength, Ultra High resilience, Ultra High absorption, Ultra High durableness to heat, fire Special

apparel Special function

Light transmission, collection and penetration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, adherence , gas exchange, anti electricity & magnetism, reflection, absorption, self adherence

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Technology integration of functional textiles

New functional textiles

Polymer technology

Synthetic fiber

Spinning 、 Weaving 、 Post processing

Quality feeling:characteristic function

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Applying function to functional textiles

1. Creation of comfort and sensitivity2. Beautiful color and luster 3. Requirement on light weight and thermal

insulation 4. Clean garment and comfortable environment 5. Protection of skin 6. Safety and protection 7. Sport and leisure 8. Environmental friendly

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Trend of functional textile

technology development

shown in patent map

Trend of functional textile

technology development

shown in patent map

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中國紡織工業研究中心中國紡織工業研究中心財團財團法人法人CHINA TEXTILE INSTITUTE Changes of number of patent filed in

Japanese functional textile technology

Hollow & full of holes

Ultra fine & water repellant

Far IR thermo insulation

Photo catalyst de-odor

20 years33657 patent

資料來源 : 日本特許局 2001

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Number of patent filed in Japanese functional textile processing technology

Source: Japan patent bureau 2001

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Challenges to functional textiles

1. Multifunction composite material

2. Use of nano technology/material

3. Testing and certification of functional

textiles

4. International collaboration and R&D

alliance

1. Multifunction composite material

2. Use of nano technology/material

3. Testing and certification of functional

textiles

4. International collaboration and R&D

alliance

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■multifunction textile product is future trend and the key point for Asia textile to enhance competing ability■segmenting market based on technology level ■Dream fiber in functional fiber-multifunction integration

Challenge one Multifunction composite material

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source: Japan patent bureau

Application of multifunction composite material

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（（ nano technology nano technology and marketand market ））

High performance dyestuff/pigment

high fastness/color high fastness/color

yieldyield

high brilliant dyestuffhigh brilliant dyestuff

light penetration light penetration

stabilitystability

High performance dyestuff/pigment

high fastness/color high fastness/color

yieldyield

high brilliant dyestuffhigh brilliant dyestuff

light penetration light penetration

stabilitystability

Product value of nano-fiber/textile will worth 150 billion in

coming 2-3 years

nano particle modification technano particle modification techblending/distribution/stability blending/distribution/stability control tech of nano particle andcontrol tech of nano particle and high performance resinhigh performance resin

tech of nano scale organic syntech of nano scale organic synthesis thesis control tech of size distributcontrol tech of size distribution/size of nano particleion/size of nano particlestability and compounding tech stability and compounding tech of nano particleof nano particle

tech of synthesis & tech of synthesis & modification of modification of nano polymernano polymer

ElectrospinningElectrospinning

tech of nano powder tech of nano powder size/shape/distribution csize/shape/distribution controlontrolcompatibilization tech of orcompatibilization tech of organic & ganic & inorganic materialsinorganic materialscompounding tech of functioncompounding tech of functional al nano particlenano particle

Nano composite fiberanti bacteria/stink/dustanti melting,flame retardant, few smokeUV or radiant wave absorptionFar-IR 、 health seekinginductive, electricity restrain/induction

Nano composite fiberanti bacteria/stink/dustanti melting,flame retardant, few smokeUV or radiant wave absorptionFar-IR 、 health seekinginductive, electricity restrain/induction

Nano coating textilesEM wave absorptionEM wave absorptionultra durl ultra durl hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaceinterfacenano coating productsnano coating products

Nano coating textilesEM wave absorptionEM wave absorptionultra durl ultra durl hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaceinterfacenano coating productsnano coating products

Nano scale fiberintelligent nano fiberintelligent nano fiberhigh strength PET, nylon fibhigh strength PET, nylon fibererhigh performance absorptive high performance absorptive filterfilternano carbon tube,biology nano carbon tube,biology intimationintimation

Nano scale fiberintelligent nano fiberintelligent nano fiberhigh strength PET, nylon fibhigh strength PET, nylon fibererhigh performance absorptive high performance absorptive filterfilternano carbon tube,biology nano carbon tube,biology intimationintimation

Challenge two use of nano technology/material

Source:ITRI,CTI R&D programSource:ITRI,CTI R&D program


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Through NANO-CARE™ technology, nano-whiskers are attached to individual cotton fibers. The whiskers cause liquids to roll off the fabric.

(Nano-Tex)

Nano water repellenceWater proof textiles

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Clay

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Nano-Finish

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Challenge three Testing and certification of functional textiles■Testing and certification is the key point to success

necessary condition for continuous operation inform consumer the function of functional textiles establish a trustable platform between buyer and vendor

■It is urgent to build large scale of state-of-art testing and certification set up of equipment and technology are all required

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Textile certificated label has became the required condition for entering international

market such as USA and EU market

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Speed up international collaboration in textile industryIn responding to the formation of regional economic, textile industry must be globalize to breakthrough the protection of economic segmentProfessional collaboration： Each Asian country should collaborate based on it’s strong points in supply chain to gain relative superiority in global competing environment

Establish Asia textile R&D allianceBased on APEC model to promote interaction between each affiliation or expert in Asian country, to bring R&D innovation and develop new product to enhance competing ability of Asia textile s

Challenge four International collaboration and R&D alliance

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Future Aspect

1.Function ＋ Fashion→create high added value

2.R&D innovation ＋ brand & channel→Recreate Asia textile future prosperity

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Conclusion1. Asia has become world textile manufacturing and supplying

center2. Collaboration between Asia countries based on supply

chain role and exploring international market is the most urgent mission

3. To establish international R&D alliance, and reach integration and collaboration is the win-win strategy

4. Functional textiles, whether it is for garment, house decoration or technical textiles will be future profit point in textiles

5. Based on APEC model to promote interaction between each affiliation or expert in Asian country, to bring R&D innovation and develop new product to enhance competing ability of Asia textiles

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THANK YOU!

Functional Textiles Key To A New

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