Functional Groups
description
Transcript of Functional Groups
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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Organic Reactions
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CH
HH
ClH Cl
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
HydrocarbonHalogen MoleculeHalocarbonHydracid
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ChloromethaneCH3ClCH4 Cl2 CH(4-1)Cl HCl++ →
CH
HHH
Cl Cl CH
ClHH
H Cl++ →
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
MethaneChlorineMolecule
HydrochloricAcid++ →
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CH
HH
Cl-H Cl
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
Hydrocarbon2Halogen MoleculesHalocarbon
Disubstituted2Hydracids
Cl Cl
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CH(4-2)ClDichloromethane
CH2Cl2CH42Cl2 2HCl++ →
CH
HHH
2Cl Cl CCl
ClHH
2H Cl++ →
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
Methane2
ChlorineMolecule
2Hydrochloric
Acid++ →
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‐ For every halogen substitution you need:‐ Only 1 Hydrocarbon Molecule for all the substitutions as long as it has enough Hydrogens
‐ 1 Halogen Molecule with 2 atoms of the same halogen
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
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‐ For every halogen substitution you produce:‐Only 1 Halocarbon Molecule with all the substitutions.‐1 Hydrogen atom less and 1 Halogen atom more
‐ 1 Hydracid Molecule of that Halogen
HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION
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CH
HCl Cl
HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION
UnsaturtedHydrocarbon
Halogen Molecule
DisubstitutedHalocarbon
CH
H
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DichloroethaneC2H4Cl2C2H4 Cl2+ →
Cl Cl+ →
EtheneChlorineMolecule+ →
HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION
C
H
HC
H
HC
H
HC
H
HCl Cl
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‐ For every halogen addition you need:‐ Only 1 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Molecule for all the additions as long as it has enough Double or Triple bonds
‐ 1 Halogen Molecule with 2 atoms of the same halogen
HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION
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‐For every halogen addition you produce:‐Only 1 Halocarbon Molecule with all the additions.‐2 Halogen atom more
HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION
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3-methy
l
Name the
Biggest Hydroca
rbon Chain
Name the
Alkyl Branche
s
Name the Halogen BranchesFluorine=
Fluoro Chlorine=
ChloroBromine=
BromoIodine=
Iodo
Select and
Number the
Biggest Hydroca
rbon Chain
4 Carbons
NAMING HALOCARBONS
CH3
CH3
C
CH3
C
CH3
Cl
Cl Br
4 Carbons5 Carbons Pentane
=
1
2
5
4
3
2-bromo
2,3-dichloro
Arrange the
Branches in
Alphabetical
Order
PERFECT!
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‐ An alcohol is an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon.
‐ General FormulaR-OH
‐ Name it the same as alkanes but change the ending -e for –ol and add the position of the OH.
‐ If there are more than one OH, don’t eliminate the -e, put their positions, and put a prefix (d,tri,tetra, etc.)
ALCOHOLS
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‐ An amine is an organic compoud that contain nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in rings.
‐ General FormulaR-NH2
‐ Name it the same as alcohols but change the ending -ol for –amine and the hydrocarbon part is named like a branch (except for more than one NH2).
AMINES
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‐ An ether is an organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.
‐ General FormulaR-O-R’
‐ Name it by naming both hydrocarbon chains as branches and add the ending ether
ETHERS