Site Characterization Technologies for DNAPL Investigations, EPA ...
Full-Scale Permanganate Remediation of a Solvent DNAPL Source Zone in a Sand Aquifer
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Transcript of Full-Scale Permanganate Remediation of a Solvent DNAPL Source Zone in a Sand Aquifer
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Full-Scale Permanganate Remediation Full-Scale Permanganate Remediation of a Solvent DNAPL Source Zoneof a Solvent DNAPL Source Zone
in a Sand Aquiferin a Sand AquiferBeth L. Parker, Ph.D.Beth L. Parker, Ph.D.
University of Waterloo
Presented at the EPA Seminar:In Situ Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated
With Non-Aqueous Phase LiquidsChicago
December 11, 20021
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CollaboratorsCollaborators
• Tom Al, University of New Brunswick– Inorganic Geochemistry
• Ramon Aravena, University of Waterloo– Isotope Geochemistry
• John Cherry, University of Waterloo
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This Case Study Will Show:This Case Study Will Show:
• Density driven distribution of KMnO4 in sand
• Performance assessment with minimal uncertainty
• Nearly complete destruction of TCE and 1,1,1-TCA
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Two General ApproachesTwo General Approachesfor In Situ Oxidationfor In Situ Oxidation
• Inject-and-withdraw (active)Flushing
• Inject-and-leave (passive)Episodic Injection
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Injection
Addition of Treatment Chemicals
Withdrawal
The Active ApproachThe Active Approach
B.L.Parker
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The Waterloo Passive ApproachThe Waterloo Passive Approach
• Use density and dispersion effects to distribute permanganate solution
• Inject in a manner that minimizes groundwater displacement
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The Waterloo Passive ApproachThe Waterloo Passive Approach
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1
Sandaquifer
4KMnO ( high density)
Relies on density and dispersion effects
B.L.Parker, 1997
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2
3
4
time
C once ntrationand D ensity
Decrease
no lateral ground water flow
Evolution of a Single Disc in a Sand AquiferEvolution of a Single Disc in a Sand Aquifer
B.L. Parker, 19978
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Initial Proof - of - ConceptInitial Proof - of - Concept
Inject-and-Leave Field Trial in Borden Aquifer
Matthew Nelson M.Sc. Thesis (1999) Supervisors: Drs. Beth Parker and John Cherry
University of Waterloo
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Borden 9x9 m Sheet Pile Enclosure
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System Set-up at 9m CellBorden Site
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Density of Dissolved KMnODensity of Dissolved KMnO44 in Water in Water
sea water
0 20 40 60
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1
rela
tive
den
sity
grams per liter KMnO4
Typical Range Used
20 Co
10 Cosolubility
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sand
SETTINGSETTING
clay12 ft
0 ft1 ft
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Evidence for Density Induced FlowEvidence for Density Induced Flow
Day 1
Day 3
Day 8Day 23
Day 65
3.4
Dep
th (m
.b.g
.s.)
ML-1 First Injection
0 5 10KMnO 4 (g/l)
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
(Nelson, 1999)14
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The Waterloo Passive ApproachThe Waterloo Passive Approach
• Use density and dispersion effects to distribute permanganate solution
• Inject in a manner that minimizes groundwater displacement
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contaminatedwater
displaced byinjected fluid
dispersionzone
KMnO 4
KMnO4
Long-Screen Injection Causes Large Long-Screen Injection Causes Large Displacement of Contaminated WaterDisplacement of Contaminated Water
Parker, 1997
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displacedcontam inated
w ater1
2
3
K MnO 4
gap
gap
zone tre ated by density flo w
zone treated by density flow
Injection of Discs Leaving Gaps Minimizes Injection of Discs Leaving Gaps Minimizes Displacement of Contaminated WaterDisplacement of Contaminated Water
Parker, 1997
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KMnO4Stage 1
Sand aquifer
Initial disc
Injection of Multiple Discs Injection of Multiple Discs Using Direct Push DeviceUsing Direct Push Device
Parker, 1997
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Injection of Multiple Discs Using Injection of Multiple Discs Using Direct Push DeviceDirect Push Device
KMnO 4
Injection 1
Injection 2
Stage 2
Parker, 1997
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Stage 1: Inject Disc Above DNAPL on Aquitard
KMnO 4
aquitard
Stage 1
sand aquifer
Initial disc
Parker, 1997
DNAPL
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Disc Sinks and Spreads
Parker, 1997
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aquitard
DNAPL
Injector withdrawn
Time
3
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Site
TCE and TCA source zone
Case Study in FloridaCase Study in Florida
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Ft. Lauderdale SiteFt. Lauderdale Site
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Contamination Occurred RecentlyContamination Occurred Recentlylate 1996 to early 1997late 1996 to early 1997
• TCA used: 1995-96• Switch from TCA to TCE: Nov 1996 - April 1997• Conventional monitoring wells installed: 1997• Fenton’s treatment pilot study: 1998-1999• UW bundle multi-levels installed: 1999
– Fenton’s performance assessment• Permanganate selected as source removal action
for permanent remedy
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Site GeologySite Geology10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Water table
8-inch coarse sand layer57 ft bgs
Fine and medium grainedbeach sand withno visible layering
Increased frequency of gravel size carbonate rockfragments
Carbonate bedrock 85 ft bgs
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Monitoring MethodsMonitoring Methods
• Continuous Cores• Bundle tube samplers • Waterloo Profiler• Conventional Monitoring Wells • Micro-monitoring Wells
Focus on depth-discrete methods
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Aluminum core tubeinside core barrel
Core Being Removed fromCore Being Removed from Piston Core Barrel Piston Core Barrel
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Cutting the Aluminum Core TubeCutting the Aluminum Core Tube
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Subsampling Sand for VOC AnalysisSubsampling Sand for VOC Analysis
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Installation of Bundle Tube Sampler: 1999Installation of Bundle Tube Sampler: 1999
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Bundle Tube SamplerBundle Tube Sampler
SET IN NATURAL
FORMATIONNO SAND PACK
¾” ID SCH 40 PVC PIPE CENTER
STOCK
1/2” OD POLYETHYLENE or
1/4” OD TEFLON TUBING
6-8” NITEX SCREEN OVER PIPE
PERFORATIONS
2-4” NITEX SCREENS
CONCRETE PAD
1/4” OD TEFLON TUBING IN 1/2” OD POLYETHYLENE
TUBING
STEEL WELL COVER w/CONCRETE PAD
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TCE Concentration Profile CW-LTCE Concentration Profile CW-L 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
806000000 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 700000
TCE Concentration (g/L)
Dep
th (f
t) Before InjectionBefore Injection(February 2000)
625,500 g/L
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TCE Concentration Profile CW-KTCE Concentration Profile CW-K0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80250000 5000 10000 15000 20000
TCE Concentration (g/L)
Dep
th (f
t) Before InjectionBefore Injection(February 2000)
21,574 ug/L
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Conceptual Model of DNAPL DistributionConceptual Model of DNAPL DistributionB u ild in g
DNAPL Zo ne?
?
?
2 0
1 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
Dept
h (Fe
et)D N A P L
R e s id u a l T ra il
7 0
???
S u sp e c te d R e le a s e
A re a
D N A P L P lu m e
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100
100Monitoring wellMultilevel systemGeoProbe sampling
Building
CW-L TCE Source Zone>10,000 µg/L
Before RemediationBefore Remediation
TCE Plume> 100 µg/L
0 10 ftN
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The Waterloo Passive ApproachThe Waterloo Passive Approachfor Permanganatefor Permanganate
1. Pre-injection delineation
2. Permanganate injection in targeted zones
3. Monitor results and design subsequent injection
4. Repeat steps until attain desired endpoint
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Full-Scale Permanganate Remediation in Ft. Lauderdale, FL
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KMnO4 Mixing Tank
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Asphalt Ground Surface
Sand Aquifer
Direct Push Drill RigScaffolding
NO2
Tank
PressureTank
#2
PressureTank
#1
KMnO4
Feed Tank
Stage 1: KMnO4 Injection at Several Depths
DrillRods
Parker, 2000
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Asphalt Ground Surface
Sand Aquifer
Direct Push Drill RigScaffolding
NO2
Tank
PressureTank
#2
PressureTank
#1
KMnO4
Feed Tank
Stage 2: Spreading and Sinking by Density
Parker, 2000
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Conceptual Model of DNAPL DistributionConceptual Model of DNAPL DistributionB u ild in g
DNAPL Zo ne?
?
?
2 0
1 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
Dept
h (Fe
et)D N A P L
R e s id u a l T ra il
7 0
???
S u sp e c te d R e le a s e
A re a
D N A P L P lu m e
Parker, 2000
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KMnOKMnO44 Target Treatment Zone Target Treatment Zone
N
B u ild ing
50 1 0F eet
M o n ito r in g W e ll
M M W -6 D
M W -2M W -3
M W -1M W -7 D
M W -1 0 D
C lu s te r W e llC W -C C W -D
C W -IC W -H
C W -G
C W -B
C W -F
C W -K
C W -JC W -M C W -L
Targ e t Z o n e
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Source Zone WellsSource Zone Wells
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N
B u ild in g
50 1 0F eet
M in im u m In jec tio n R a d iu s E s tim a te d f ro m
In jec t io n Vo lu m e s b a s e d o n an e l l ip s o id w ith 3 :1
sp h e ric a l s h ap e
E stim a te d C o v e ra g e
D e te rm in e d fro m S a m p lin g
M o n ito r in g W e ll
M M W -6 D
M W -2M W -3
M W -1M W -7 D
C lu ste r W e ll
C W -C C W -D
C W -IC W -H
C W -G
C W -B
C W -F
K M n O I n je c tio n L o c a t io n4
U W -4
U W -2U W -5
U W -3
U W -1
U W -6
C W -K
C W -JC W -M C W -L
N e w C lu ster W ell L o c a t io n
KMnOKMnO44 Injection Coverage Injection Coverage Episode 1Episode 1
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G ro und
10
50
20
30
40
60
Depth
(fee
t)
H o r iz o n ta l E x a g g e ra tio n 2 xE llip so id s iz e b a s e d o n 3 0 % p o ro s ity a n d a h e ig h t to w id th ra t io o f 3 :1 .
UW-4
UW-5
UW-1
7 .5 ' 6 .5 '
KMnOKMnO44 Injection at Multiple Depths Injection at Multiple Depths
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Passive Crew
47
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G ro und
10
50
20
30
40
60
Depth
(fee
t)
H o r iz o n ta l E x a g g e ra tio n 2 xE ll ip so id s iz e b a se d o n 3 0 % p o ro s ity a n d a h e ig h t to w id th ra t io o f 3 :1 .
UW-4
UW-5
UW-1
7 .5 ' 6 .5 '
Effects of Density and Diffusion on Injected KMnOEffects of Density and Diffusion on Injected KMnO44 Ellipsoids Ellipsoids
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Project TimelineProject Timeline
Time (months)0
UW Site Pre-DesignCharacterization
1st Injection Episode
1
2nd Injection Episode
3
3rd InjectionEpisode
7
1st Post-Treatment Monitoring
10
2nd Post-Treatment Monitoring
13
February 2000
32
4th Injection Episode
3rd Post-Treatment Monitoring
October 2002
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Site Map – X SectionsSite Map – X Sections
N
B u ild in g 50 10 15F e e t
Fe nce
M M W -6D
M W -8 D
M W -5 D
M onitoring Well (M W, M M W )
M W -7 DM W -1
M W -3 M W -2
M W -4 D
M M W -12DM M W -13D
M W -1 0D
M M W -9DM M W -11 D
C W -CC W -D
C W -I
C W -H
C W -B
C W -GC W -F
C W -A
C W -E
C W -K
C W -JC W -M
C W -L
C luste r Well (C W )
C
C ’B ’
D ’
D
B
K M n O T rea tm e n t Z o n e4
Sp igo ts
U W P 2
U W P 1
Profiles
U W P 3
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TCE Distribution on B-B’ – Feb 2000TCE Distribution on B-B’ – Feb 2000
1 6
1 2
11
15
2 2
5 9
58
26
53
15 2
1 07
77
5
24 9
3 10 1
31 7 7 5
1 35 3 0 0
2 5 2 9 0 0
10 0 0
37
1 9
11
2 6
12
3111
11 8
2 2
1 9
7 9 4
1 4 1 3
53 3
2 7 4 6
111 61
1 7 0 7 9
5 1 8 1
1 0 2 6 2
1 7 6 9
1 9 3 4
5 5 9 5
2 1 5 7 4
2 8
1 8
1 93 .4 ( M a y, 0 0)1 (Ju ly, 0 0 )
T C E u g /L
50 000
0
100
1000
10 000
100 000
G ro u n d
1 0
5 0
20
3 0
40
60
Dept
h (fe
et)
CW-B
20.5 '
CW-C
7 0
BS o u t h N o r t h
B ’
CW-D
CW-K
4.0’2.5’
MW
-3
7.5’
MW
-2
7.5’
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
Parker et al., 2000
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52
TCE Distribution on B-B’ – Oct 2002TCE Distribution on B-B’ – Oct 2002
2
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
2
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
3 3
1 8 6
2 1 4
2
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
17
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
2
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1511 6 5
T C E u g /L
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
UWP3
3 (M C L)
50 000
0
100
1000
10 000
100 000
G ro u n d
1 0
5 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
6 0
Dept
h (fe
et)
CW-B
20.5 '
CW-C
70
BS o u t h N o r t h
B ’
CW-D
CW-K
4.0’2.5’
MW
-3
7.5’
MW
-2
7.5’
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
Parker et al., 2002
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53
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Feb 20000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)May 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)Jul 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Dec 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Oct 2002
TCE Concentration Profile CW-K
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54
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Oct 2002
TCE Concentration Profile CW-KTCE Concentration Profile CW-K Prior to 4 Prior to 4thth Injection Injection
17 ug/L
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55
TCE Distribution on C-C’ – Feb 2000TCE Distribution on C-C’ – Feb 2000
< 1 .5
2
2 5
1 0 3
11 5
1 6 1
2 6 1
8 1 3
8 6 0
2 6 3 1
3 5 0 5
1 7 9 0
9 4 6
1 2 45 3
1 2 3 5 2
1 5 11 0
1 9 1 6 0
1 6 2
1 3 5
1 3 3
1 4 2
9 1 8
6 5 8
28 2
9 1 4
11 711 0
1 866 3 8
1 0 40
6 9 2 9 6
5 1 8 1
1 049 4
4 8 0 3 6
6 255 0 0
5 8
38
3 6
3 1
2 5
3 3
3 5
1 4 0
9 4
9 5
1 7 2
3 2 1
1 9 0
1 01
1 0 2
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
3 3 (M a y, 0 0 )
2 1
5 8
3 2
11
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
8
6 .4 (M a y, 0 0 )
39
3 1
3 8
3 6
4 2
5 1
29
4 0
6 (M a y, 00 )
T C E u g /LT C E u g /L0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
G roundSurface
1 0
50
20
30
40
60
Dep
th (f
eet)
CW-E
12.5 '7.3 '
CW-I
CW-M
CW-A
CW-J
CW-L
19.4 ' 6’
7 0
C C ’
MM
W-6
D
MW
-4D
16.8 ' 7.6 ' 35.9 '9 .9 '
S o u th N o rth
MW
-5D
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
MW
-10D
5.3’
Parker et al., 2000
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56
TCE Distribution on C-C’ – Oct 2002TCE Distribution on C-C’ – Oct 2002
< 1 .5
6
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
1 8
2 2
1 0 8
2
2
2
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
6 1
< 1
< 1
4
3 8
1 4 8 0
1 47
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
4
< 1
< 1
9
< 1
< 1
2 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
T C E u g /L< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
1 5
3 (M C L )
G roundSurface
1 0
50
20
30
40
60
Dep
th (f
eet)
CW-E
12.5 '7.3 '
CW-I
CW-M
CW-A
CW-J
CW-L
19.4 ' 6’
7 0
C C ’
MM
W-6
D
MW
-4D
16.8 ' 7.6 ' 35.9 '9 .9 '
S o u th N o rth
MW
-5D
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
MW
-10D
5.3’
Parker et al., 2002
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57
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Feb 20000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)May 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)Jul 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Dec 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
Oct 2002
TCE Concentration Profile CW-L
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58
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
801 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
Concentration (ug/L)
Dep
th (f
t)
TCE Concentration Profile CW-LTCE Concentration Profile CW-L Prior to 4 Prior to 4thth Injection Injection
1, 480 ug/L
Oct 2002
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59
TCE Distribution on D-D’ – Feb 2000TCE Distribution on D-D’ – Feb 2000
1 0 2 (M arc h , 0 0 )
6
1 0
1 6 5
1 0
9
8
8
9
2 1 4 1
2 6 0 6
4 4 0
1 3 6
1 5 2
2 3 9
9 6
7 9 6
1.5 ( Ju ly, 0 0 )
3 9
31
38
36
4 2
5 0
2 9
40
7 4 2
3 8 1
9 4 0
3 0 2
1 2
1 0
9
1 0
1 0
1 6
12
18
2 4 5
3 0 9 1
3 5 6 0 (M arc h , 0 0 )
6 (M a y, 0 0 )
T C E u g /L0
1 0 0
1 00 0
1 0 00 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 00 0
MW
-8D
G roundSurface
10
5 0
2 0
30
4 0
60
Dep
th (f
eet)
11.5 '
CW-H
CW-F
16 '
70
D D ’
6’13 '
CW-G
MW
-1
9.2 '
CW-I
S o u th N orth
MW
-7D
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4N orth
2.6’
MW
-4D
35.9’
Parker et al., 2000
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60
TCE Distribution on D-D’ – Oct 2002TCE Distribution on D-D’ – Oct 2002
3 8
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
35
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
< 1
0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 00 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 00 0
T C E u g /L
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
4 6
1 6
8 2
1 0 8
UWP2
3 (M C L )
MW
-8D
G roundSurface
10
50
20
30
40
6 0
Dept
h (fe
et)
11.5 '
CW-H
CW-F
16'
70
D D ’
6’13'
CW-G
MW
-1
9 .2 '
CW-I
S o u th N orth
MW
-7D
K M n O T rea tm e n t Z o n e4N orth
2.6’
MW
-4D
35 .9’
Parker et al., 2002
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61
TCA Distribution on C-C’ – Feb 2000TCA Distribution on C-C’ – Feb 2000
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
2 4
1 3 6
1 5 9
9 0
2 5 7
1 4 3
5 6
5 6 6
5 5 9
7 7 6
1 7 4 2
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
3 5
4 5
8
2 0
3 5 35
8 141
111
1 2 6 3
2 9 4
4 94
2 2 0 7
9 908
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5 (M a y, 0 0 )
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5 (M a y, 0 0 )
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5
< 1 .5 (M a y, 0 0 )
1 ,1 ,1 -T C A u g /L0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
G roundSurface
1 0
50
20
30
40
60
Dep
th (f
eet)
CW-E
12.5 '7.3 '
CW-I
CW-M
CW-A
CW-J
CW-L
19.4 ' 6’
7 0
C C ’
MM
W-6
D
MW
-4D
16.8 ' 7.6 ' 35.9 '9 .9 '
S o u th N o rth
MW
-5D
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
MW
-10D
5.3’
Parker et al., 2000
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62
TCA Distribution on C-C’ – Oct 2002TCA Distribution on C-C’ – Oct 2002
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
6
< 1 .5
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1 .5
1 3
3 0
3
6
4
6
1 3 5
5 6
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
T C A u g /L< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0
6 4
G roundSurface
1 0
50
20
30
40
60
Dep
th (f
eet)
CW-E
12.5 '7.3 '
CW-I
CW-M
CW-A
CW-J
CW-L
19.4 ' 6’
7 0
C C ’
MM
W-6
D
MW
-4D
16.8 ' 7.6 ' 35.9 '9 .9 '
S o u th N o rth
MW
-5D
K M n O T re a tm e n t Z o n e4
MW
-10D
5.3’
Parker et al., 2002
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63
100
100Monitoring wellMultilevel systemGeoProbe sampling
BuildingCW-L
TCE source zone>10,000
Before Remediation – February 2000Before Remediation – February 2000
Plume
TCE µg/L
0 10 ftN
Parker, 2002
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64
Monitoring wellMultilevel systemGeoProbe sampling
TCE µg/LAfter Remediation – December 2000After Remediation – December 2000
TCE source zones>10,000Building
0 10 ftN
100
100
Parker, 2002
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65
Monitoring wellMultilevel systemGeoProbe sampling
TCE µg/LAfter Remediation – October 2002After Remediation – October 2002
Building
0 10 ftN
100
214
1,480
108
Parker, 2002
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66
Specific ConclusionsSpecific Conclusions• 99% reduction in contaminated volume
• Displacement avoided by limiting injection to <8% of treatment zone pore volume for each episode
• 1,1,1-TCA also disappeared
• No TCE or TCA rebound
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67
General ConclusionGeneral Conclusion
This case study showed thatpermanganate can be successful forcomplete remediation of the source if :
• The site conditions are suitable• The remedial design is tailored to the site
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68
Final StageFinal Stage
• Fourth injection occurred October 2002 to complete source zone remediation
• Performance assessment monitoring planned for February 2003
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69
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsFunding:• University Consortium Solvents-in-Groundwater Research Program • Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council• Sun Belt Interplex, Inc.
Staff:• Matthew Nelson, MSc Hydrogeologist: Project Manager• Colin Meldrum, BASc: Field Activities and Data Display• Bob Ingleton, Paul Johnson, BSc: Injection System Design and Field Technical
Assistance• Martin Guilbeault, MSc, Matthew Whitney, BASc: Field Assistance• Maria Gorecka, MSc: Lab Analysis of VOC
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70
For information on this case study:For information on this case study:
Parker, B.L., J. A. Cherry and T. A. Al (2002).
Passive permanganate remediation of a solvent DNAPL source zone.
In proceedings for “The Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds,” Monterey, California.
Battelle 2002 Monterey Conference Proceedings