Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring - 5 May 2011

IAEAInternational Atomic Energy Agency

Marine Environment

Monitoring

Assessment of IAEA Environment

Laboratories on Data from the Marine

Environment provided by JapanUpdate 05 May 2011

IAEA Environment Laboratories, MonacoH. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc

IAEA

General comments

• The contamination of the marine environment has occurred both

through atmospheric deposition or washout with precipitation, and

through discharges of contaminated water into the sea

• Authorized discharge of low level contaminated water (beginning

of April for about 5 days)

• There is a further continuous discharge of contaminated water into

the marine environment.

• TEPCO and MEXT are continuing to conduct programmes for sea

water sampling and to perform measurements. Further sampling

positions were added recently about 15 km offshore and at the

Ibaraki coast.

• Also marine food and one sediment station is now monitored.

6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc

IAEA

Marine discharges due to leaking cable pit

at Unit 2

In a news release issued on 25 April, NISA has communicated their

evaluation of a report submitted by TEPCO on April 21 in relation to water

containing radionuclides with high activity that flowed out from Unit 2 of

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.

The outflow rate is estimated to have been approximately 4.3 m³/h.

Concentration values, estimated from measurements, are:

I-131: 5.4 GBq/L

Cs-134: 1.8 GBq/L

Cs-137: 1.8 GBq/L

leading to an estimated overall amount of total release of about

4.7 PBq (4.7 x 1015 Bq)


IAEA

Measures to prevent further spreading of

contaminated water into the sea


IAEA

Activity concentration in sea water at the

screen of Unit 2

The activity concentrations of I-131, Cs-134 and Cs-137 (in Bq/cm3) in sea

water at the screen of Unit 2 from 02 April 2011 until 02 May 2011


IAEA

Seawater sampling carried out by TEPCO and MEXT

• TEPCO is sampling four near-

shore stations (TEPCO1-4)

• Since 5th of April six points

situated 15 km off-shore along

a north-south transect (TEPCO

5-10)

• Following a Directive from

NISA, on 16 April TEPCO

announced that they will

increase the number of

sampling points. Four points

will be added at 3 km from the

coast and two points at 8 km

from the coast.


IAEA

Concentrations in sea water near discharge point of

TEPCO 1-4


IAEA

Activity concentrations

I-131

Cs-134

Cs-137

in sea water

at coastal and off-

shore stations

Surface water, middle layer and

near sea floor


IAEA

New sea water sampling stations by MEXT near the Ibaraki

prefecture

Map 1

MEXT also launched

sampling at 5 off-shore

points in Ibaraki

Prefecture.

The samples are taken

by the Japanese Coast

Guard and analysed by

TEPCO.


IAEA

Sampling locations of marine fish

products as of 30 April (issued by the

Japanese Ministry of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries)

In Ibaraki prefecture, three samples

of seafood (sand lance) from

28 April: one sample

29 April: two samples

were above the regulation values set

by the Japanese authorities for Cs-

134/Cs-137

Sand lances are so far the only fish

species, which showed levels above

the recommended limits.

Monitoring of marine food


IAEA

The group SIROCCO of the University of Toulouse continues with the modelling of

the ocean impact. The modelling results are continuously compared with the

measurements.

Modelling Activities by the Group Scirocco

Model prediction for two different scenarios

http://sirocco.omp.obs-mip.fr/outils/Symphonie/Produits/Japan/SymphoniePreviJapan.htm

Liquid release simulation Atmospheric deposition simulation


IAEA

Model output for 2 different scenario

Liquid release simulation Atmospheric deposition simulation


IAEA

Comparison between observation and model

(Bq/l)


IAEA

IAEA Environment Laboratories: Monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity in Monaco

• Programme started in 1986

• Sampling of atmospheric aerosols and deposition currently in 2 locations

• Roof of Oceanographic Museum

• Roof of building at Quai Antoine


IAEA

• Routine monthly sampling and analysis of gamma emitters (e.g. Cesium-137), beta emitters (e.g. Strontium-90) and alpha emitters (Plutonium and Americium)

• Increased frequency of sampling and measurements in special situations: aerosol samples collected twice daily, wet and dry deposition collected as often as relevant



IAEA



IAEA

Additional measurements during March-April 2011:

• Detector continuously monitoring ambient gamma emitters

• Hourly and two-hourly measurements of ambient dose-rate with hand-held devices (stationary, continuous monitor with on-line access to measurement results is necessary)



IAEA

Cs-137 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco from 1986 to 2011

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1986 1986 1999 2000 2001 2001 2003 2005 2006 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

137C

s c

on

cen

trati

on

(µ

Bq

m-3

)

Year

Chernobyl

FukushimaAlgeciras

Note: maximum values measured in March-April 2011, after the Fukushima accident,are about 2000 lower than those measured in May-June 1986, after the Chernobyl accident.


IAEA

Radio-Cesium in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco after the Chernobyl accident

0.00E+00

1.00E+04

2.00E+04

3.00E+04

4.00E+04

5.00E+04

6.00E+04

7.00E+04

8.00E+0406/M

ay/8

6

08/M

ay/8

6

10/M

ay/8

6

12/M

ay/8

6

14/M

ay/8

6

16/M

ay/8

6

18/M

ay/8

6

20/M

ay/8

6

22/M

ay/8

6

24/M

ay/8

6

26/M

ay/8

6

28/M

ay/8

6

30/M

ay/8

6

01/J

un/8

6

03/J

un/8

6

05/J

un/8

6

07/J

un/8

6

09/J

un/8

6

11/J

un/8

6

13/J

un/8

6

15/J

un/8

6

17/J

un/8

6

19/J

un/8

6

Cs-1

34

an

d C

s-1

37

ac

tivit

y c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

(µ

Bq

/m3

)

Date Cs-134 µBq/m3

Cs-137

Rep. from Whitehead et al. JER 7 (1988) 249-264 6 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc

IAEA

Data from Chernobyl accident

0.00E+00

5.00E+03

1.00E+04

1.50E+04

2.00E+04

2.50E+04

3.00E+04

3.50E+04

4.00E+04

4.50E+04

5.00E+0406/M

ay/8

6

08/M

ay/8

6

10/M

ay/8

6

12/M

ay/8

6

14/M

ay/8

6

16/M

ay/8

6

18/M

ay/8

6

20/M

ay/8

6

22/M

ay/8

6

24/M

ay/8

6

26/M

ay/8

6

28/M

ay/8

6

30/M

ay/8

6

01/J

un/8

6

03/J

un/8

6

05/J

un/8

6

07/J

un/8

6

09/J

un/8

6

11/J

un/8

6

13/J

un/8

6

15/J

un/8

6

17/J

un/8

6

19/J

un/8

6

I-1

31

ac

tivit

y c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

(µ

Bq

/m3

)

Date I-131 µBq/m3

Iodine-131 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco after the Chernobyl accident


IAEA

Cesium-137 in atmospheric aerosols in Monaco 1997-2010

Temporal variation of 137Cs concentration in the Monaco air (the peak in May-June

1998 is due to the Algeciras (Spain) accidental release). Pham et al. submitted to JER. 20116 May 2011H. Nies, M. Betti, I. Osvath, E. Bosc

IAEA

Radio-Cesium in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after the Fukushima accident

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

22

/03

/11

23

/03

/11

24

/03

/11

25

/03

/11

26

/03

/11

27

/03

/11

28

/03

/11

29

/03

/11

30

/03

/11

31

/03

/11

01

/04

/11

02

/04

/11

03

/04

/11

04

/04

/11

05

/04

/11

06

/04

/11

07

/04

/11

08

/04

/11

09

/04

/11

10

/04

/11

11

/04

/11

12

/04

/11

13

/04

/11

14

/04

/11

15

/04

/11

16

/04

/11

Aciv

ity c

on

cen

trati

on

(µ

Bq

/m3)

Cs-134 and Cs-137 µBq/m3

Cs-137 µBq/m3

Cs-134 µBq/m3


IAEA

Iodine-131 in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after the Fukushima accident

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

21/0

3/1

1

22/0

3/1

1

23/0

3/1

1

24/0

3/1

1

25/0

3/1

1

26/0

3/1

1

27/0

3/1

1

28/0

3/1

1

29/0

3/1

1

30/0

3/1

1

31/0

3/1

1

01/0

4/1

1

02/0

4/1

1

03/0

4/1

1

04/0

4/1

1

05/0

4/1

1

06/0

4/1

1

07/0

4/1

1

08/0

4/1

1

09/0

4/1

1

10/0

4/1

1

11/0

4/1

1

12/0

4/1

1

13/0

4/1

1

14/0

4/1

1

15/0

4/1

1

16/0

4/1

1

Aciv

ity c

on

cen

trati

on

(µ

Bq

/m3)

I-131 µBq/m3

I-131 µBq/m3


IAEA

Comparison between levels of radionuclides in atmospheric aerosols measured in Monaco after Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents

Maximum levels measured after the Fukushima accident (March-April 2011) are much lower than those measured after the Chernobyl accident (May-June 1986)

I-131 120 times lower

Cs-134 700 times lower

Cs-137 2000 times lower

Levels are similar to those measured elsewhere in Europe (France, Italy, Germany)


IAEA

Conclusions on the impact to the marine

environment in the Pacific

• The highest levels are still measured close to the Nuclear

Power Stations Fukushima, namely at the screen of Unit

2, 30 m, 330 m and 10 km near-shore even though with a

decreasing trend.

• Concentration data from about 30 km off-shore show a

generally decreasing temporal trend and partly, the

concentrations are below the limit of detection at the applied

methods.

• It can be expected that, if no additional releases occur, the

levels measured at the stations 30 km off-shore will

continue to decrease significantly by dilution into deeper

layers and dispersion by ocean currents


IAEA

Conclusions

• It can be expected that the traces from the discharge and deposition to the marine environment from Fukushima NPPs will be taken up by the Kuroshio current system in the north Pacific

• It will be possible to follow these traces – mainly Cs-137 and Cs-134 - over the next few years in the northern Pacific

•Water with such traces will reach the Canadian and US Coast probably in one to two years’ time

• IAEA environmental Laboratories in Monaco will be part of international teams to measure these impact to the Pacific and will support and co-ordinate initiated environment assessment studies


Fukushima Marine Environment Monitoring - 5 May 2011

Technology

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