Focusing on Fukushima Daiichi Deficiencies - A.J. Gonzales, Argentina
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011
-
Upload
joe-miller -
Category
Documents
-
view
3.497 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011
![Page 1: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
By
Joseph S. Miller
EDA, Inc
![Page 2: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction Over 35 Years in the Nuclear Power Industry
MS Nuclear, BS Mechanical, BS Industrial
Worked at a BWR Nuclear Power Station for 9 years.
Responsible for Fuel, safety analyses and PRA.
Responsible for Nuclear Steam Supply Systems
Technical Support Manager for Emergency Response Organization.
Supported the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in reviewing Nuclear Power Plant Safety Systems.
![Page 3: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Acknowledgements Thanks to Japanese Industrial Atomic Forum (JIAF)
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)
AREVA PowerPoint- The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – Dr. Matthias Braun
Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) & Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) on Plant Data
Lake H. Barrett- Foundation For Nuclear Studies Briefing
General Electric
![Page 4: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Fukushima DaiichiAccident
1. What Happened?
2.Plant Designs
3.Accident Progression
4.Spent fuel pools
5.Radiological releases
6.Impact on US
![Page 5: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What Happened?
![Page 6: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tsunami Size Was Accident Cause 3/11 15:45 at Fukushima I
![Page 13: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plant Designs - Fukushima Dai-ichi
Unit 1 is BWR/3
Units 2-4 are BWR/4
BWR is a Boiling Water Reactor
There are 52 Reactors in Japan and 104 Reactors in the USA (35 BWRs & 69 PWRs)
The Fukushima I reactors began operation in the 1970’s so they are all thirty - forty years old.
They all are early vintage Mark I Containment Designs
![Page 17: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fukushima Dai-ichi – Tokyo Electric Power Co.
Reactor No. Net MWe Reactor ModelCommercial
Start
Reactor
Supplier
Unit 1 439 BWR-3 3/71 GE
Unit 2 760 BWR-4 7/74 GE
Unit 3 760 BWR-4 3/76 Toshiba
Unit 4 760 BWR-4 10/78 Hitachi
Unit 5 760 BWR-4 4/78 Toshiba
Unit 6 1067 BWR-5 10/79 GE
Fukushima Dai-ichi Site Reactor and Fuel Specifications
![Page 18: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PWR – Pressurized Water Reactor
![Page 19: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What happened?
•The plant was immediately shut down (scrammed)
when the earthquake first hit. Off-Site power was lost.
•Emergency Diesel Generators (EDGs) started to
provide backup electrical power to the plant’s backup
cooling system. The backup worked.
•All AC power to the station was lost when the Tsunami
flooded the EDGs.
•The diesel generators ceased functioning after
approximately one hour due to Tsunami induced
damage.
•At that point, the plant experienced a complete
blackout (no AC electric power at all). Commonly
called a “Station Blackout”.
![Page 25: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Operating BWR
![Page 26: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
When it Started
![Page 27: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Containment Isolation
![Page 29: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Tsunami Hits
![Page 30: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What happened (cont.)?•Initially the Isolation condenser (IC) for Unit 1, which uses the condensate as a heat sink, was used to remove the decay heat from the shutdown reactors. After 1 or 2 hours, the 29,000 gallons of water in the IC is hot, the condensate heat sink was not available and no heat removal was available for Unit 1.•Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC) system for Units 2 & 3, which operate on steam from the reactor, were used to cool reactor core water, however, the battery‐supplied control valves lost DC power after the prolonged use.•DC power from batteries was consumed after approximately 34 hours.•Hours passed as primary water inventory was lost and core degradation occurred (through some combination of zirconium oxidation and clad failure).
![Page 31: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Isolation Condenser (Unit 1) and RCIC (Units 2 & 3) Were Used to Cool the Plants
![Page 32: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RCIC Works for About 8 Hours
![Page 33: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
RCIC Stops Cooling Plants
![Page 34: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
What happened?
•Hydrogen in reactor building exploded causing it to collapse around the containment.•The containment around the reactor and RPV were reported to be intact.•Pressure in the containment drywell rose as wetwell became hotter.•Hydrogen produced from zirconium oxidation was vented from the containment into the reactor building.
![Page 36: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Fuel in Top of Core is Uncovered
![Page 37: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Zr-Water Begins at
![Page 38: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
What happened?
•Portable diesel generators were delivered to the plant site.•AC power was restored allowing for a different backup pumping system to replace inventory in reactor pressure vessel (RPV).•The decision was made to inject seawater into the RPV to continue to the cooling process, another backup system that was designed into the plant from inception.•Radioactivity releases from operator initiated venting appear to be decreasing.
![Page 39: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Melting of the Fuel
![Page 40: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Release of Fission Products
![Page 41: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Containment is Last Barrier
![Page 42: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Venting the Containment
![Page 43: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Unit 1 Primary Containment Pressure (D/W) & Reactor Pressure (3/11 – 3/16)
![Page 44: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Decay Heat
![Page 47: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hydrogen Explosion Units 1 & 3
![Page 48: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Damage to Torus Unit 2
![Page 50: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Looking Down Units 3, 2 & 1
![Page 51: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Units 4 & 3 Looking Down
![Page 52: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Radiation Levels
![Page 55: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Fukushima I Fuel Pools
![Page 57: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Surry 1 & 2 Surry Power Station, Unit 1 &2 II PWR-DRYSUB 2,546
06/25/1968
Virginia Electric and Power Co. WEST 3LP 05/25/1972
Surry, VA S&W 12/22/1972 90
(17 miles NW of Newport News, VA) S&W 03/20/2003
050-00280 05/25/2032
www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/sur1.html 94
![Page 66: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Current Event -Surry Power Station Shuts Down After Apparent Tornado Cuts Off-site Electricity
Apparent tornado damages switchyard adjacent to nuclear units
Loss of Off-Site Power
Emergency Diesel Generators Activated
Dominion Virginia Power crews have restored off-site power to station
Back-up diesel generators functioning to supplement electrical supply
Units are in a safe and stable condition
![Page 67: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
US Reactors
![Page 68: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Three Mile IslandMarch 28, 1979
![Page 69: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
TMI Core ConfigurationEvening 3/28/1979
![Page 70: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Three Mile Island History Reactor Scram: 04:00 3/28/79
Core melt and relocation: ~ 05:00 –07:30 3/28/79
Hydrogen Deflagration: 13:00 3/28/79
Recirculation Cooling: Late 3/28/79
Phased Water Processing: 1979‐1993
Containment Venting 43KCi Kr‐85: July 1980
Containment Entry: July 1980
Reactor Head removed and core melt found: July 1984
Start Defuel: October 1985
Shipping Spent Fuel: 1988‐1990
Finish Defuel: Jan 1990
Evaporate ~2M gallons Processed Water: 1991‐93
Cost: ~$1 Billion
![Page 71: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Impact on US Reactors US has implemented B.5.b requirements in 2008
Beyond Severe Accident Guidelines
Onsite high pressure portable pump
Procedures and appropriate staging areas and requirements for fire hoses and equipment on site
MOUs with fire local fire stations to establish the plant as a priority in case of an emergency.
![Page 72: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident April19 2011](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051513/5470b970b4af9fb90a8b4877/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Impact on US Reactor Some of the things that should be reviewed
Review all external events, i.e., fire, flooding, explosions and earthquake, to ensure that there is backup emergency equipment that can support a station black out.
Review training for extreme station Blackout events and procedure.
Ensure that emergency batteries are qualified for worst case events for fl0od, fire, explosions and seismic.
The portable high pressure pump and associated equipment that was required because of B.5.b should be housed in a structure that is qualified for worst case fire, flood, explosion and seismic events.