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This "calculator" can be used to compare residential heating fuel prices and cost

Fuel Type Fuel UnitFuel Oil (#2) Gallon PKR 215.88 138,690 PKR 1,557

Electricity KiloWatt-hour  PKR 0 3,412 PKR 33

PKR 84 100,000 PKR 840

Propane Gallon PKR 168 91,333 PKR 1,839

Cord PKR 16,800 1,848,000 PKR 9,091

Pellets Ton PKR 21,000 1,386,000 PKR 15,152Corn (kernels) Ton PKR 21,000 1,386,000 PKR 15,152

Kerosene Gallon PKR 252 11,340,000 PKR 22

Coal Ton PKR 21,000 22,069,000 PKR 952

NOTES:

1 Natural gas is typically sold to residential customers in units of "therms," but may be sol

2 One therm = 100,000 Btu, and is equivalent to about 0.971 hundred cubic feet (ccf), wh

To convert prices in $/Mcf (1,000 cubic feet) to $/therm, divide the $/Mcf price

3 The heat content value for a cord of wood varies by tree species and is greatly affected

4 For definitions of Efficiency Ratings and referrals to where they can be obtained, click o

Some types of heaters do not have efficiency ratings; the ratings in the yellow cells are

the yellow-colored cells as necessary. The information in the green cells is calcu

information on this page. Detailed instructions are provided in the Instructions

Contact local suppliers for most accurate prices. This calculator will not pro

Fuel PricePer Unit (Pak

Rupees)

Fuel HeatContent Per 

Unit (Btu)

Fuel PricePer Million

Btu (dollars)

Natural Gas 1 Therm 2

Wood 3

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5 Air-Source Heat Pump Ratings: The actual heating efficiency and seasonal performanc

basically a heat pump integrated with a forced-air combustion appliance that uses natu

heat pump for heating until outside temperatures reach the low 40's/high 30's (F), then

adjustment below does not apply to those types of hybrid heat pump/combustion applia

See the Technical Note for Air Source Heat Pumps in the EFFICIENCY INFO tab belo

Adjust Air-Source Heat Pump HSPF rating for Your Location7.8

9.3

Then look in the table below to find the Adjusted HSPF for the city

nearest you, and use the adjusted HSPF in the calculator.

Adjusted HSPF when ASHRAE

rated HSPF is: Design

State City < 8.5 = or > 8.5 Temps

Punjab Lahore 7.0 8.0 20

Punjab Islamabad 8.1 9.3 30

Punjab Faisalabad 7.7 8.9 27

Punjab Gujrat 4.8 5.2 -9

Punjab Shakhupura 5.8 6.5 7

Punjab Gujranwala 7.1 8.1 21Punjab Okara 6.3 7.1 13

Punjab Sahiwal 7.1 8.1 21

Punjab Jhang 7.5 8.6 25

Punjab Waharri 8.3 9.6 32

Punjab Lalamusa 8.3 9.6 32

Punjab Multan 10.0 11.8 45

Punjab Khewra 7.1 8.1 21

Punjab Kharrian 8.4 9.8 33

Punjab Narowal 9.2 10.7 39

Punjab bahwalnagar  4.7 5.1 -11

Punjab Kotla 5.5 6.2 3

Punjab Qasoor  5.8 6.5 7

Punjab Pakpatan shreef  5.4 6.0 1

Punjab Hafiz Abad 5.8 6.4 6Punjab Patoki 6.2 7.0 12

from its rated heating season performance factor (HSPF). Below is a procedure for det

heat pump that uses only electric resistance heating as the auxillary heat source. Ther 

If the rated HSPF is less than 8.5, type it here------------------>

If the rated HSPF is 8.5 or greater type it here ----------------->

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Punjab Cheechawatni 5.8 6.4 6

Punjab Gojra 5.9 6.6 8

Punjab Jaranwala 7.0 8.0 20

Punjab Sargoda 6.8 7.7 18

Punjab Mianwali 6.4 7.3 14

Punjab Johar Abad

8.3 9.6 32

Punjab 10.7 12.7 50

Punjab Nankana sab 9.6 11.2 42

Punjab 7.8 9.0 28

Punjab Phool nagar  9.3 10.9 40

Punjab Riwand 7.5 8.6 25

Punjab Toor Abad 7.3 8.4 23

Punjab Jahlam 7.9 9.2 29

Punjab Toba take sing Toba t 15.3 63

Punjab 13.7 16.5 68

Punjab Sialkot 12.5 14.9 61

Punjab Wazirabad 6.0 6.7 9

Punjab Rawalpindi 5.0 5.4 -6

Punjab Murri

5.3 5.8 -1

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INSTRUCTIONS and GUIDANCE

Overview

Default values are presented for initial comparison.

Below are explanations for the items in the columns.

Fuel Unit

This is the physical unit by which the fuel is normally sold.

Price Per Unit

Fuel Heat Content

Price per Million Btu

Heating Appliance Type

This calculator allows you to compare fuel prices on the basis of dollars per millions of Btu of the fuel andthe "cost" of the fuel based on the efficiency of the heating system.

Type into the yellow-colored cells the prices of fuels you want to compare and the efficiency rating for thetype of heating system you have or are considering buying. The calculated prices and costs are presentedin the green-colored cells.

This calculator was developed to assist in the comparison of fuels and heating system types and the effectof heating system efficiency on the cost of heating fuels. There are numerous factors that are importantwhen deciding on the type of heating system to purchase besides the price of fuels at a specific point intime and system efficiency ratings.

The Prices per Unit that are already in the yellow cells are the most current average national pricesavailable as of the date indicated at the upper left corner of the calculator and are for examples only. Linksto price data sources are at the right and also in the ENERGY PRICES tab below.

For electricity prices, which are normally expressed in cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh), type in the decimalequivelant; for example 10 cents per kWh = 0.10 dollars per kWh.

Your local fuel prices can and will vary substantially from the national average. For the greatest accuracy,you should use local prices from a recent bill or local retailers/providers. Use the total delivered priceincluding taxes. For example, divide your total bill by the total units (gallons, kWh, therms, etc) consumedor delivered during the period of the bill.

Fuel Heat Content per Unit is the number of British Thermal Units (Btu) of heat contained in a single unit of 

the fuel. Click on the HEAT CONTENT tab for more information on fuel heat contents.

The Calculator calculates the price in dollars per million Btu based on the price per unit and fuel heatcontent per unit.

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Type of Efficiency Rating

Efficiency Rating or Estimate

Approx. Efficiency (%)

This is the approximate system efficiency expressed as a percentage and is calculated.

Cost Per Million Btu

This is the type of heating appliance or system that you have or considering buying. Furnace means aforced-air, central heating system with a furnace that heats air that is distributed in ducts and includes afan or blower to move heated air through duct system. Boiler is a hydronic central heating system with aboiler that heats water (or produces steam) and that uses pipes and radiators for heat distribution.Heater/stove is a stand-alone heating appliance without heat distribution ducts or pipes normally used toheat a single room. Air-Source heat pumps are central heating systems that remove latent heat from theoutside air and use a fan and duct work to distribute the heat. This Calculator applies specifically to air-source heat pumps that use only electric resistance heat as the auxillary heat source. Geothermal heatpumps are types of heat pumps that use heat from the earth or water in the ground, ponds, lakes etc.Heat pumps also provide cooling in the summer. Consult with local heating and cooling contractorsregarding heating (and cooling) system options.

Central heating systems (gas and oil fired furnaces and boilers and heat pumps) are rated on theefficiency by which they convert energy/fuels to useful heat. There are different ratings used depending onthe type of heating appliance. There are definitions and more detail on the ratings in the EFFICIENCY

INFO tab at the bottom of the Calculator.

Because there are no efficiency ratings for electric resistance heating systems (such as electricbaseboard, stand-alone room heaters, radiant heaters, etc), or for kerosene, wood, pellet, corn and coalburning heaters, estimated “ratings” are provided.

This is the actual, adjusted or estimated efficiency rating for the heating appliance. The default ratings arethe minimum allowable efficiencies as required by law at the time when this Calculator was last updated.Some types of heating appliances are not subject to minimum efficiency standards, and for those types of 

appliances an estimate default efficiency is provided.

The rated HSPF of an air-source heat pump should be adjusted to account for the effects of climate on theoperating performance of the system. See footnote 5 of the calculator and the procedure for obtaining anadjusted air-source HSPF.

If you want to change the rating, type in the rating you obtain into the yellow-colored cells. For example, if the AFUE for a specific model of a natural gas-fired boiler is 90, type 90 into the yellow-colored cell for thatfuel and appliance type. Do not type in 0.90

This is the “cost” of the fuel in dollars per million Btu as determined by the price of fuel and the efficiency of the heating appliance.

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For more information on this calculator, contact: Paul Hesse: 202-586-8800; paul.hesse@eia.doe.go

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RESIDENTIAL FUEL / ENERGY PRICE LINKSClick on the links in column E to EIA website pages and to other non-EIA price data for residential heating fuel p

Contact local suppliers in your area for more accurate price information.

Fuel/Energy Type Price Type/Periodicity Geographic Coverage

Fuel Oil (# 2 Distillate) Retail, Weekly National, regional & selected statesRetail, Weekly and monthly National, regional & selected statesSpot prices, daily NY Harbor and U.S. Gulf Coast

Futures, daily for 4 contracts NYMEX

Retail, Monthly National, regional & selected statesRetail, Monthly National and regional

National and regional

National and regional

Electricity Retail, Monthly National

Retail, Most recent month avail. Regional and state

Retail, Running month avg. for calendar yr. Regional and state

Retail, Annual average State

National and regionalNational and regional

Natural Gas Retail, Monthly and annual National

Retail, Monthly and annual State

Spot & Futures, daily for one week Henry Hub, NY, and Chicago

Futures, daily for 4 contracts NY

National and regional

National and regional

Propane Retail, Weekly National, regional & selected states

Retail, Weekly and monthly National, regional & selected statesSpot prices, daily Mont Belvieu, TX & Conway, KS

Futures, daily for 4 contracts NYMEXRetail, Monthly National and regional

Retail, Monthly National and regional

National and regional

National and regional

Kerosene Retail, Monthly National, regional & selected statesRetail, Monthly National and regional

Retail, Weekly NY State

Wood NA NA

Pellets NA NA

Corn (number 2) NA NA

Coal NA NA

Forecast, Retail, monthly, 2 yrs.

Forecast, Retail, Annual, 20 to 25 yrs

Forecast, Retail, monthly, 2 yrs.Forecast, Retail, Annual, 20 to 25 yrs

Forecast, Retail, monthly, 2 yrs.

Forecast, Retail, Annual, 20 to 25 yrs

Forecast, Retail, monthly, 2 yrs.

Forecast, Retail, Annual, 20 to 25 yrs

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rices.

Link Notes

..

Weekly .

Weekly .

Monthly .

Monthly

Monthly See Table 4 for national averages; Table 5c for regional.

Annual See Tables 11 to 20.

Monthly

Monthly .

Monthly .

Annual .

Monthly See Table 4 for national averages; Table 8c for regional.Annual See Tables 11 to 20.

Monthly See Table 9.11

Monthly .

Weekly .

Weekly .

Monthly See Table 4 for national averages; Table 6c for regional.

Annual See Tables 11 to 20.

.

.

Weekly .

Weekly .Monthly .

Monthly See Table 9.7.

Monthly See Table 5d

Annual See Tables 11 to 20; see Liquid Petroleum Gases as propane.

Monthly .

Monthly See Table 9.7.

Weekly Prices of New York only.

NA Contact suppliers.

No endorsement implied

NA No endorsement implied

NA No endorsement implied

NA No endorsement implied

Periodicity of publication

Links to data(click on link)

Weekly, Oct to Mar  http://tonto.eia.doe.gWeekly, Oct to Mar  http://www.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.gSee Tables 9.8 a, b and c.

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.gSee Table 9.9

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.ghttp://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

Weekly, Oct to Mar  http://tonto.eia.doe.g

Weekly, Oct to Mar  http://www.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.ghttp://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://tonto.eia.doe.g

http://www.eia.doe.g

http://www.nyserda.

www.hearth.com/ec

www.hearth.com/ec

www.hearth.com/ec

www.hearth.com/ec

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HEAT CONTENT

For information on fuel heat content, click on the links below

For petroleum products (heating oil, propane, kerosene):

Note that there are 42 U.S. gallons in a barrel.

For natural gas:

For electricity:

For coal:

Wood, Pellet, Corn (kernel)

see links in Efficiency Info sheet/tab

LINKS TO OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS

Metric conversion factors, prefixes, and other conversion factors

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_1.pdf 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_4.pdf 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_6.pdf 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_5.pdf 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/append_b.html

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DEFINITIONS FOR APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS

It takes into account the cyclic on/off operation and associated energy losses of the heating unit as it responds to cha

which in turn is affected by changes in weather and occupant controls. The higher the AFUE, the higher the efficiency

It takes into account the variations in temperature that can occur within a season and is the average number of Btu ofdelivered for every watt-hour of electricity used by the heat pump over a heating season. The higher the HSPF, the hi

cannot be used in this spreadsheet to estimate heating costs.

the average heating capacity to the amount of electrical energy input. The higher the COP, the higher the efficiency.

cannot be used in this spreadsheet to estimate heating costs.

Estimated, because no official or standardized testing and rating system in place for measuring heating efficiency.

TECHNICAL NOTE: AIR-SOURCE HEAT PUMPS, with electric resistance auxillary heat.The actual heating efficiency and seasonal performance of an air-source heat pump that uses electric resistance heat

source may vary significantly from the rating it receives when tested under the standard procedures and conditions th

determine heat pump efficiency. For a detailed discussion of this issue, see the article:

The method in the form of the regression equations presented in that paper is used in this "calculator" for calculating a

for "conventional" air-source heat pumps - those that use only electric resistance heating as the auxillary heat source

to provide a rough approximation of the actual HSPF that a conventional air-source heat pump will experience in diffe

SOLID-FUEL - WOOD, PELLET, CORN, COAL - HEATING SYSTEMSThere are no existing U.S. standards for the heating efficiency of solid-fuel combustion appliances. The U.S. Environm

sets standards for emissions from wood burning appliances. However, these do not directly correspond to the efficien

U.S. Dept. of Energy for heating equipment using electricity, heating oil, natural gas and propane.

The following are U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's documents with information on wood heater "efficiencies":

2008 List of Certified Wood Stoves

In lieu of another available published source, the default efficiencies used in this Calculator are the "net efficiencies" l

LINKS TO ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

DOE Appliance Energy Efficiency Standards Program

AFUE, Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency, is the measure of the seasonal or annual efficiency of a gas or oil furnace o

HSPF, Heating Season Performance Factor, is the measure of the seasonal efficiency of an air-source heat pump in

Note: Air-Source Heat Pumps are also rated on their cooling efficiency in terms of SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency

COP, Coefficient of Performance, is a measure of the energy efficiency of geothermal heat pumps in heating mode, a

Note: Geothermal Heat Pumps are also rated on their cooling efficiency in terms of EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio). Th

"Climate Impacts on Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) for

Fairy, et al,  ASHRAE Transactions, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,

http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/fsec-pf-413-04/

http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/publications/monitoring/caa/woodstoves/certifiedwood.pdf 

Guidance for Quantifying and Using Emission Reductions from Voluntary Woodstove Changeout Programs in State

http://www.epa.gov/woodstoves/pdfs/guidance_quantfying_jan.pdf 

"Table B-1 Summary of Woodstove Net Efficiencies" in the EPA Guidance... document above.

www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards

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DOE/EPA Energy Star Program

DOE Information for Consumers On Space Heating, etc

Federal Trade Commission - Appliance Labeling

Residential Heating and Cooling Appliances - All Types

Directory of Certified Performance

published by the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium (GHPC)

International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA)

National Ground Water Association (has information on "water-source" geothermal heat pumps)

Wood, Pellet, Corn (kernel) and Coal Heaters

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's documents with information on wood heater efficiencies:

2008 List of Certified Wood Stoves

Hearth Education Foundation

Hearth Net

Wood Heat.org

Pellet Fuels Institute

Corn (kernel) Burning Stoves

Professional Trades Associations

www.energystar.gov

www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/

www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/edcams/eande/index.html

http://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx

http://www.ahrinet.org/

www.geoexchange.org

www.igshpa.okstate.edu

www.ngwa.org

http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/publications/monitoring/caa/woodstoves/certifiedwood.pdf 

Guidance for Quantifying and Using Emission Reductions from Voluntary Woodstove Changeout Programs in State

http://www.epa.gov/woodstoves/pdfs/guidance_quantfying_jan.pdf 

http://heartheducation.org

http://hearth.com

www.woodheat.org

Heating With Wood , Clemson (University) Extension, 2004.

http://www.nasdonline.org/docs/d001201-d001300/d001235/d001235.html

www.pelletheat.org/2/index/index.html

http://energy.cas.psu.edu/energycontent.html

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Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA)

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers

Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute

www.acca.org

www.ashrae.org

http://www.ahrinet.org/