Fueling Biomechanics in the Oil & Gas Industry Christian Browne Lunch & Learn Sessions – 2015...
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Transcript of Fueling Biomechanics in the Oil & Gas Industry Christian Browne Lunch & Learn Sessions – 2015...
Fueling Biomechanics in the Oil & Gas Industry
Christian Browne Lunch & Learn Sessions – 2015
Enform Saskatchewan
Objectives
• Understand the principles of ergonomics
• Recognize the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs)
• Know how to protect yourself from MSI injuries and reduce your risk
What Is Ergonomics? – Modify jobs to fit
capabilities of people– Reduce MSIs
• Repetitive reaching, forceful exertions, bending and lifting, or working with vibrating equipment
– Engineering controls– Safe work practices– PPE
Source: http://www.ergonomics.com.au/what-is-ergonomics/
What is Biomechanics?• The study of human movement and the forces acting upon it both
internal and external, during motion and when stationary.• Important to study because it helps to identify the best techniques to
perform an action.
MSI in Saskatchewan • Section 81 of The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 1996
explains an employer’s or contractor’s responsibilities related to MSIs.
• Section 81 includes the following responsibilities:
An employer or contractor is required to regularly review, in consultation with the occupational health committee, activities that may cause or aggravate an MSI.
Also, once a worker has reported an MSI, there is a requirement to review their job and to implement appropriate control measures to prevent further injury to this and other workers who may perform the same job/tasks.
Source: https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/safety-in-the-workplace/hazards-and-prevention/safety-in-professions-and-industry/health-and-health-care
Because of the nature of the industry, promoting ergonomics can be a challenging, but necessary,
endeavour.
Muscoskeletal Injuries (MSI)– Generally they are injuries or pain of
the soft tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s muscles; nerves and tendons.
– Degenerative diseases and inflammatory conditions that cause pain and impair normal activities
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
Characteristics of MSIs – Occur from a single event or
many small injuries– Take weeks, months, or years
to develop– Produce no symptoms in early
stages, but show symptoms after injury has occurred
– Contributing causes may occur at home and at work
– Same MSI may differ in severity from person to person doing a similar task
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
General Signs of MSIs– Decrease in grip
strength – Decrease in range
of motion– Loss of
muscle function– Inability to do
everyday tasks
anybody know what this is?
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
MSD Symptoms– Back and neck— shooting
pain, stiffness– Shoulders—pain, stiffness,
loss of mobility– Arms and legs— shooting
pains, numbness– Elbow and knee joints—
pain, swelling, stiffness, soreness
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
Loss of Flexibility• Loss of flexibility has been
shown to be one of the leading reasons we suffer from soft tissue injuries such as sprains and strains.
• So what is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
Sprain vs Strain
• A sprain involves injury to connective tissues such as ligaments that connect bone to bone or connective tissue that holds joints together.
• Strains are injuries that involve the stretching or tearing of a musculo-tendinous (muscle and tendon) structure.
Source: http://www.hughston.com/hha/a.strain-sprain.htm
Act on the Signs of MSI• Act immediately:
– Report the problem– Seek medical attention– Early treatment and intervention can prevent permanent
injury
Source: http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders#Types2
What Is the Data Showing?
Key Fact
• Bodily Reaction and Exertion: Codes in this division apply to cases, usually nonimpact, in which injury or illness resulted from free bodily motion, excessive physical effort, or repetition of a bodily motion (source: CSA standard Z795).
• Overexertion injuries result from excessive physical effort directed to an object and include sprains and tears of muscle and connective tissues.
• For this report, data related to four rate codes (WCB SK - D32, D41, D51, D52) was considered.
Quick Summary
• Bodily Reaction and exertion injuries together were responsible for 25% of the total claim count and claim costs over last five year period.
• Source of injury-by claim cost, 36% of the Overexertion injuries are caused by hoses and pipes, which are preventable.
• Nature of injury- by claim cost, 50% of total injuries induce sprains/strains/tears and back pain/hurt
Data provided by WCB Saskatchewan
Quick Summary• Part of body-by claim cost, majority (75%) of the Bodily
Reaction injuries impact trunk and lower extremities, however Overexertion impact trunk area of the body.
• Cause-Actions like bending/climbing/crawling/slipping are responsible for Bodily Reaction injuries, however lifting/pulling/pushing of objects is the main cause for Overexertion injuries.
• Oil well Servicing sector (D4108, D4105 and D4104) is experiencing 50% of total Bodily Reaction and Exertion injuries.
Data provided by:
Data provided by
Data provided by
What is ENFORM Doing?
• Safety Stand Down is designed to bring together frontline workers and senior executives to discuss the prevention on injuries and illnesses
• One of three topics for 2016 Safety Stand Down
What is ENFORM Doing?• General Entry Level Safety (GELS)• Self-study course provides a review of basic safety
practices. • Manual Workbook Cost: $41.00
• TOPICS INCLUDE• Basic safety• Personal protective equipment• Back injury prevention• Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) regulations• Hazard identification and elimination• Hand tool safety
One Goal
• ENFORM SK is working in conjunction with other safety associations across the province.
Chevrons RSI Reduction Programme
• Computer use, non-neutral postures and not taking breaks were correlated with high levels of confidence having self-reported discomfort in the 2013 study.
Source: http://www.workpace.com/news/press/wellnomics-helps-deliver-74-decrease-in-rsi-injuries-for-chevron/
Chevrons RSI Reduction Programme
• Data from 30,000 staff worldwide show stunning reduction in overuse injuries
• March 21, 2013 - Oil and gas giant Chevron today revealed in a keynote address at the Applied Ergonomics Conference in Dallas, TX, that their world class RSI reduction programme, built around Wellnomics software solutions, had delivered a 74% reduction in companywide RSI rates between 2003 and 2010.
Source: http://www.workpace.com/news/press/wellnomics-helps-deliver-74-decrease-in-rsi-injuries-for-chevron/
Interventions in the O & G• Examples of ergonomic intervention that has been
put into place include equipment such as: • Top Drives and spinner wrenches that have
reduced a good deal of exposure to physical stress.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Hydraulic and motorized slips, operated by a Driller using a foot pedal, have been beneficial in reducing the awkward lifting postures of handling slips when tripping pipe.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Changing the orientation on handles of tongs has helped reduce hand injuries and reduced the incidence of crushing fingers between pipes.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• When manually handling slips, if hydraulic or motorized slips are not being used, the use of three employees, as opposed to two, to reduce risk of exertional injury has been put into practice on many drilling locations.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Slip hazards on the drill floor may be reduced by the use of roofing paper or other floor covers that have high coefficients of friction.
• Additional measures to reduce slips and falls include removing excess mud off the pipe as it is being elevated out of the hole, and by power washing the rig floor to remove oil-based mud on a regular and frequent basis.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Since it is impossible to engineer out all of the physical tasks an oilfield employee must engage in, always be on the lookout for new ways to increase safety and decrease the potential for injuries.
• Use your daily Job Safety Analysis or pre-tour meeting to discuss new ideas, equipment and work processes.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Good Posture• When standing, good posture exists when the head
is centered over the shoulders, the trunk or upper body is erect, the upper arms are relaxed down by the sides of the trunk and the hips and legs
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Sitting Posture• While seated, a neutral posture involves the head being
centered over the shoulders, the trunk erect, and the upper arms relaxed by the side of the trunk. Elbows should be flexed 90 degrees with the wrists straight, and the thighs and knees bent also at a 90 degree angle.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Principle #1: Is to always try and work in postures that are
the least stressful to the body.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Stretching Concept • W-U-P-R, which stands for Warm-Up & Posture
Relief.• Example: As you have seen, bending over while
using tools and performing work down low is a common practice that can be stressful on the lower back.
• How do we minimize the stress of this posture?
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Remember Principle #1 • Look for alternative ways to posture your body in a
neutral position when having to perform work in low-lying locations.
• Consider bending the knees more, kneeling or squatting rather than bending from the waist. If possible kneel on a cushion, kneepads, or even your gloves to help provide a more comfortable position.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Overhead Reach Tasks• Perform an overhead reach Warm-up Stretch for
the shoulders.
• It is also recommended that whenever working with your arms above shoulder level that the amount of time in this posture is broken up as frequently as possible with posture relief techniques that will restore blood flow into the arms and relieve stress on the shoulders.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Disc Protrusion
Extremities Stretch- Early signs of possible injury- Neck Flexion/Side Bend- Shoulder shrugs- Flexion of wrist and fingers - Hip flexors- Groin stretch (flex knee stretch)
* Hold for minimum 30 seconds.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• Myth that 'bouncing' as you stretch (ballistic stretching) helps muscles to stretch further.
• Bouncing is counterproductive as it can cause small tears to the muscle tissue, which are experienced as muscle soreness or tenderness.
Instead of ‘bouncing’, try:
• concentrating on slow, sustained stretches• holding the stretch for more than 30 seconds• once the muscle feels comfortable, gently increase
the stretch and then hold again.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Seek appropriate professional medical advice if any discomfort or pain.
Lower Back Stretch• The most beneficial posture relief stretch to be
performed after being bent over.• It is called simply the Back Extension.• Beneficial to periodically promote fluid uptake into
the disc by performing standing and seated back extension posture relief exercises.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
• If you have to lift, remember the golden rule, always keep the load close to the body at all times.
• When lifting, apply BLAST technique, B-L-A-S-T. • B stands for keep the lower back bowed inward,• L stands for use your legs,• A stands for tighten up your abdominal muscles to
stabilize and lock in the lower back, • S stands for lift slowly and smoothly and • T stands for avoid twisting. Do not twist.
Source: http://www.masterytech.com/products/coursecatalog/info?courseid=moxiwsst_htm
Proper Lifting Technique