Fuel Cells Ppt 2103

8/3/2019 Fuel Cells Ppt 2103

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Hydrogen Fuel CellsApril 5, 2004

Gary Flomenhoft,BSME, MAPP, CEE

Research AssociateGund Institute, SNR

Owner:InnEVations.com



ENER GY STOR AGE

Performance of Energy Storage Systems

Fuel Specific Energy

Wh/kg

Gasoline 12,300

Natural gas 9,300

Hydrogen 33,000

Lead-acid battery 30

Advanced Lead Acid 48

Gasoline:C8H18



ENER GY STOR AGE

Performance of Advanced EV Battery SystemsEnergy Density

Wh/kg

Power Density

W/kg

Life

Cycles

Lead-acid battery 30 150 300

Advanced Lead Acid 48 150 800

GM Ovonic nickel metalhydride

70 220 >600

SAFT nickel metal hydride 70 150 1,500

SAFT lithium ion 120 230 600

Lithium polymer 150 350 <600

Evercel Nickel-zinc 60 255 500

Zinc-Air 160-220 low ?

Composite Flywheels 120

Supercapacitors

Source:

USABC

and others



SOURCE:

ELECTRIC

STORAGE

ASSOC.

LITHIUM-ION BATTER Y



COMPOSITE FLYWHEELS

SOUR CE:

ELECTR IC

STOR AGE

ASSOC.



SUPER CAPACITOR S

SOURCE:

ELECTRIC

STORAGE

ASSOC.



ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL

SOURCE:

ELECTRIC

STORAGE

ASSOC.



SOURCE:

METALLIC

POWER.COM

MECHANICALRECHAR GE

ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL



SOURCE:

ELECTRIC

STORAGEASSOC.

ENER GY DENSITY BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME



Passenger car emissions reduction HC CO NOx

TLEV- Transitional Low-EmissionVehicle

50% NR NR

LEV- Low-Emission Vehicle 70% NR 50%

ULEV- Ultra-Low-Emission

Vehicle (50% cleaner than the average new2003 model year vehicle. )

85% 50% 50%

SULEV- Super-Ultra-Low-Emission

Vehicle (90% cleaner than 2003 average)

96% 70% 95%

PZEV-Partial Zero-Emission-

Vehicle

96% 70% 95%

SULEV & 15 year/150K mile

warranty and 0 evaporative emissions.

AT PZEV-Advanced Technology

PZEV (CNG, hybrid-electric,

methanol, fuel cell)

96% 70% 95%PZEV & and include advanced

technology components.

ZEV-Zero-Emission Vehicles (98%

cleaner than the average new 2003 model year vehicle.)100% 100% 100%

CAR B DEFINITIONS

C

L

EA

N

ER



What is a Fuel Cell Vehicle?



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2004 FOR D

The Ford Focus FCV fuel cell system is efficient,

quiet, and produces zero emissions. Ford has

announced plans to have a three yeardemonstration program of 5-10 fleet vehicles in

Vancouver, Canada in 2004.



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2003 Honda

Honda is delivering a family of new FCX fuel-

cell vehicles to its first customer, the city of Los

Angeles. Honda plans to lease approximately

30 fuel-cell cars in California and Japanduring the next several years. The fuel-cell

itself is propelled by electricity generated by a

hydrogen-oxygen chemical reaction²and its

only emission, remarkably, is water vapor.



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-2003 TOYOTA

Its only exhaust is water vapor. Its

secret? A hydrogen fuel cell that

harnesses the electricity of separated

atoms and molecules as they strive to be

electrically balanced. Developed entirely

in-house, FCHV-4 shows Toyota on the

leading edge of fuel-cell technology.

(NOT

AVAILABLE)



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-NISSAN

X-TR AIL FCV

Nissan is actively developing fuel cell

vehicles (FCVs) that have low

environmental impact and save energy.

Commercialization is scheduled for

2003.(?????)



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-GM

The Hy-wire has no internal

combustion engine, instrument

panel, brake or accelerator

pedals ± but it does have

ample power supplied by a

GM fuel cell that runs on

hydrogen.

PROTOTYPE



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-DAIM/CHR YSLER



FUEL CELLVEHICLES-HYUNDAI



HYDR OGEN FUEL CELL OPER ATION

SOURCE:

Schatz Energy Lab

Humboldt State U.



PEM HYDR OGEN FUEL CELLS

SOURCE:

Schatz Energy Lab

Humboldt State U.

PEM= Proton Exchange Membrane (³Nafion´tm)



SOME SURPR ISING FACTS ABOUT HYDR OGEN

A) HYDR OGEN STORES & TR ANSPOR TS

ENER GY. A CARR IER NOT A SOUR CE.

A) BATTER IES

Where does hydrogen come from?Fossil: nat gas, propane, gasoline, methanol

Renewable: electric wind, solar, etc. electrolyze water Methane (CH4), methanol(CH3OH), ammonia(NH3?)

Q1) IS HYDR OGENA revolutionary NEW

ENER GY SOUR CE?

Q2) WHICH IS MORE EFFICIENT, FUELCELL OR BATTER IES?



INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

oil (gasoline) -> IC engine 15%

H2 Fuel Cell Efficiency

BATTER YPOWERED ELECTR ICVEHICLE

Oil-> power plant -> electricity ~=45%

transmission~=80%

batter y charging ~=80%

electric drive system ~=80%

.45 x .8 x .8 x .8 = 23%

FUEL CELLPOWERED ELECTR ICVEHICLE

Oil-> power plant-> electricity~=45%

electricity transmission ~=80%

H2 electrolyzer max efficiency ~=70%

H2 fuel cell max efficiency ~=50%

Electric drive system ~=80%

.45 x .8 x .7 x .5 x .8 = 10%



SOLAR FUEL CELLS ?

SOURCE:

Schatz

Energy Lab

Humboldt

State U.

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