Fuel Cell Vehicle Development andInitial Market Creation

Fuel Cell Vehicle Development andInitial Market Creation

Sep. 10th, 2014

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FCV：Fuel Cell Vehicle

The electric motor driven vehicle by using electricity generating by a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the air

Taiyo KawaiProject General ManagerR&D Management Div.

Toyota Motor Corporation

Challenges for automobiles during 21st century

Concern over future oil supply

Increase in number of vehicles

Surge in fossil fuel consumption

Air pollution

CO2 emissions leading to global warming

Growth of global industry and technology in the 20th century

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Primary energy sources, automotive fuels and powertrains 3

Primary energy source

Automotive fuel Powertrain

Oil

Conserve

Diversify

Coal

Plants

Electricity

Hydrogen

Diesel

Conventional &

HV

EV

FCV

PHV

Natural gas

Uranium

Hydro, solar,geothermal electricity generation

Gasoline

Biofuels

Gaseous fuels

Synthetic fuels

Wind power

Solar power

・Water power・Geothermal heat・etc.

Renewable energies

Hydrogen gridHydrogen storage

Hydrogen (as needed) Hydrogen stationＥＶ

ＰＨＶ ＦＣＶ

Power plant(Hydrogen, biomass)

Electricity grid

Stationary FC

SocietyEmergency power supply

By-product hydrogen

Commercial hydrogenStorage

battery Little amountShort-term

Electricity

Surplus energy rises increasing renewable energy.

Energy is stored and transported according to the feature of electricity and hydrogen.

The storage energy makes the peak power correspondence possible.

Surplus energy rises increasing renewable energy.

Energy is stored and transported according to the feature of electricity and hydrogen.

The storage energy makes the peak power correspondence possible.

4Concept of Smart Energy (Electricity and Hydrogen generated by Renewable energy (CO2-free))

Fossil fuel + CCS

Large amountLong-term

Water electrolyzation

The vehicle featured a fuel cell stack and metal hydride hydrogen tank.

“EVS13” in Osaka (Oct.1996)

1992: Start of development

Toyota’s FCV development started in 1992.

1996: Parade in Osaka

5Toyota’s FCV development to date

Toyota’s FCV development to date

Max speed 155 km/h

Range 830 km

(10-15 test cycle)

Occupancy 5

Max pressure of tank 70MPa

Fuel cell output 90kW

Toyota has leased over 100 FCVs, and thesehave driven over 2 million km in the U.S., Japan and Europe

Toyota has leased over 100 FCVs, and thesehave driven over 2 million km in the U.S., Japan and Europe

Toyota FCHV-adv(2008)

World-first limited sale in the U.S.and Japan

Achieves vehicle type certification from the Japanese government

Range and cold start capabilities improved

2002: FCHV (Dec 2002-)

2005: FCHV (July 2005-)

2008: FCHV-adv (June 2008-)

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Advantages of FCVs

Energy diversification

Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of primary energy sources

Zero emissionsZero CO2 emissions during driving

Driving pleasure

Smooth start and good acceleration at low and medium speeds

Smooth and quiet operation

Low refueling time (approx. 3 min.)

Cold-start capability (-30ºC)

PerformanceHigh cruising range (approx. 700 km under JC08 cycle; Toyota measurements)

Power supply capabilities 4-5 times greater than EVs; can supply power to an average household for more than a week

Large power supply capability for emergencies

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Concept Vehicle Debuted at 2013 Tokyo Motor Show

Length （mm） 4,870

Width （mm） 1,810

Height （mm） 1,535

Wheel Base （mm） 2,780

Passenger （person） 4

Cruising range （km） Approx. 700（in JC08 test cycle）

Maximum speed （km/h） Over 170

Cold-start temperature（℃） -30

【TOYOTA FCV CONCEPT】

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Driving Test on Public Road

Test PlacePublic road test Japan, U.S.A.Cold test Hokkaido, CanadaHot test U.S.A. Death Valley

Assure reliability by repeating various driving tests.Assure reliability by repeating various driving tests.

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Announce of FCV at press conference on June 25th, 2014

Launch in Japan before April 2015*Launch in the U.S. and European markets in the summer of 2015

FCV will go on sale at Toyota and Toyopet dealerships*Initially, sales will be limited to regions where

hydrogen refueling infrastructure is being developed.

Price at approximately 7 million yen*excludes consumption tax.

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Fuel cell system cost reduction

DesignProduction technology

Limited sales

Mass production

Market entry Widespread use

Reduce cost

Costs down to 1/20 ofFCHV-adv costs (2015)

Further cost reductions

FCHV-adv (2008)

Fuel cell system costs have decreased significantly, and willcontinue to decrease.Fuel cell system costs have decreased significantly, and willcontinue to decrease.

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Resolve technical issues

Power Supply Image by V2H System 12

FC bus can supply power for lighting to evacuation center(school gymnasium) for about 5 days

FC bus can supply power for lighting to evacuation center(school gymnasium) for about 5 days

・Launch of sedan type FCV in Japan before April 2015

Toyota Future Plan for FCV and FC Bus

・FCV will go on sale at Toyota and Toyopet dealerships.(Initially, sales will be limited to regions where hydrogen refueling infrastructure is being developed.)

・The vehicle price in Japan is around 7 million yen.(excludes consumption tax)

・Aim to expand FCV commercialization toward 2020 onwards.

FC Bus “ Toyota-city design”

・Launch of FC Bus around 2016

Launch before April 2015 Launch around 2016

Toyota FCV revealed at 2014

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Areas where infrastructure developmentcan be expected from early 2015

Areas where infrastructure development can be expected after 2015

Hawaii

JapanCalifornia NY

Scandinavia

Korea

FranceUK

China

Germany

California37 sites by 2014 (plans for 68 sites in 2015)[July 2012 CaFCP Roadmap]

Northeast statesProject started, aimingfor 100 sites by 2020

Germany50 sites by 2015[public-private basic agreement in 2012]

JapanStarted 19 sites construction in 2013Approx. 100 sites by 2015[as stated in Japan ReconstructionStrategy in July 2012]

UKUKH2Mobility:Plan for 67 sites

Nordic MOUDeveloped hydrogen promotion program in Nordic countries

H2USA establishment,aiming at the infrastructure construction in DOE and theprivate organization.

Few hundreds of hydrogen stations are planned by 2015Few hundreds of hydrogen stations are planned by 2015

14World-wide location of hydrogen stations

In operation Planned

Not in operation

Available Capacity of Hydrogen Supply and Hydrogen Demand Forecast for FCV in Japan

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2015

2020

2025

2029

Supply

Dem

and

Milliont

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

Hydrogen consumption (2007)

Available capability of hydrogen (2007)

Ammonia

Petro chemistry

Fossil fuel

Steal

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

TOYOTA estimationHydrogen supplying capacity (2007)

Assumption:5 million FCVs in the domestic market

Available capacity decreases by 20-30% owing to H2 purification for FCV

Current domestic available capacity of hydrogen supply:Enough for hydrogen demand for FCVs at full commercialization until 2030.

Current domestic available capacity of hydrogen supply:Enough for hydrogen demand for FCVs at full commercialization until 2030.

【Automakers】・Plan to introduce mass-production FCVs in 4 major metropolitan areas

in 2015 for sale to the general public

【Hydrogen suppliers 】・Plan for advanced establishment of supply infrastructure in approx. 100 locations

Joint Announcement in Jan. 2011

16FCV Market Introduction and Infrastructure Preparation

In 2015, operation of around 40 hydrogen ST is expected.(information at the time of Sep. 2014)

Placement on expressways

Work to introduce FCVs and hydrogen supply infrastructure nationwide

Advanced sales in 4 major metropolitan areas

Image 2. Add mobile STs that operation is expected to image 1

<Challenges>

・Number of Hydrogen ST is not sufficient especially the high demand place in the Tokyo metropolitan area.(Prices in the inner city are high.)

・It is planned to cover a hydrogen refueling place to FCV in mobile hydrogen ST temporarily, but is not still enough.⇒It is expected that the search of the hydrogen ST setting candidate place in the inner city, a regulation review , and downsizing of the ST allow setting to the small land.

17Hydrogen STs installation plan and challenges

Image 1. Stationary STs of the Tokyo metropolitan area where operation is expected in 2015

：Stationary Hydrogen ST ：Potential mobile ST site5km in radius

1. FCV products･The appeal to userVehicle concept, Zero-emission, Range, Refueling time, Emergency power supply, Vehicle price, etc.→ Effort of car manufacturers, the technology development with public and private cooperation, FCV purchase incentive at early stage.

2. Operation of the hydrogen station･Improve convenience and solve user’s concern about hydrogen refuelingHydrogen ST most suitable placement to the FCV demand place, security of the refueling place in the destination→Planning and action (2015-2025) of the medium-and-long term hydrogen infrastructure operation plan with public and private cooperation.The cost reduction for the hydrogen ST installation/operation (regulation review, technology development) and installation /operation support at early stage.Promotion of understanding about hydrogen safety

3. Hydrogen price･Securing of economy (the fuel price would be same or less than that of gasoline HV)→ The cost reduction for the hydrogen ST installation/operation (regulation review, technology development), technology development and price reduction of hydrogen production andtransportation (incentive to CO2-free hydrogen introduction)

18FCV initial market creation

Toyota wants to push forward “ the spread of Hydrogen/ FCV” with public and private cooperation by seeing Tokyo Olympics holding in 2020 and after 2030.

19Conclusion

“FCV product” “Hydrogen refueling infrastructure" “Attractive hydrogen price" are important for market creation of FCV

Toyota push forward development and preparation toward market introduction of “Launch of FCV in Japan before April 2015” and “ Launch of FC Bus around 2016 in Japan”.Furthermore, we continue an effort of the attractive improvement and price reduction for FCV market creation after 2015.

By the effort of the energy & infrastructure industry and the support of government, the installation of the hydrogen ST advances and we expects that cheap hydrogen would be supplied.Toyota wants to cooperate so that the FCV customer can take hydrogen supply in anytime safely.

The FCV represents Toyota’s long-termgoal of fostering a sustainable mobility society.

This is just the beginning.

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delivers an exhilarating, rewarding drive

Funhelps keep our planet beautiful

Clean

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A vehicle that…

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FCVFun, Clean Vehicle

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